CHAPTER III

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter is the presentation of the various related literatures which are
deemed significant in the foundation and conceptualization of the proposed Bicol
Regional Government Center. It contains the discussions as to what specific
features of how particularly the acquired idea and information from specific similar
structures will be adapted to make the present study architecturally valid and
recognizable.

3.1 RELATED LITERATURE

3.1.1. LOCAL LITERATURE

CALABARZON REGIONAL GOVERNMENT CENTER

Mapagong, Calamba City in Laguna

Equus City, a 25-hectare

commercial hub in Calamba,
Laguna being developed by
Greenfield Development Corp.,
got off to a good start this year with
the recent inauguration of a “one-
stop shop” government center
located in the area. Interior and
Local Government Secretary Mar Roxas led the inauguration of the new building
and personally witnessed the signing of a joint venture agreement between
Greenfield and the Calamba City government represented by Mayor Justin Marc
Chipeco together with his father, Rep. Joaquin “Jun” Chipeco.

CALABARZON Regional Government Center (CRGC), the new building

was built through a public-private partnership (PPP) program with the Calamba
City government, AlloyMtd Philippines and Greenfield. It was envisioned to solve
the issue of government agencies in Region IV-A being scattered in different
locations thus making public service inconvenient, difficult and costly for those
transacting business with the government. Upon completion, the CRGC will also
enable different regional government branches in Calabarzon (Cavite, Laguna,
Batangas, Rizal and Quezon) to be located in just one, easily accessible place.

Located at Barangay Mapagong, Calamba City in Laguna, the P2.5-billion

facility is a first-of-its-kind development in the entire country, and was practically
made possible with the help of Greenfield which donated a prime lot located near
the South Luzon Expressway (SLEx) in Calamba City, Laguna.
(http://wikimapia.org/19956030/Equus-City-CALABARZON-Regional
Government-Center)

Relevance:

The Calabarzon Regional Government Center is relatively relevant to the

proposed project because of its concept of one-stop-shop to solve the issue of
government agencies scattered in different locations thus making public service
inconvenient, difficult and costly for those transacting business with the
government.

BUILDING DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT

Green Building Basics

This section describes the elements for a sustainable building design and
management. It answers the questions: “What makes buildings green?” and “Why
design and manage green buildings?” It includes definitions, benefits, and
elements of green buildings. Under the Green Building Design the Elements of
Green Building tackles about the siting, energy efficiency, material efficiency, water
efficiency, indoor environmental quality, waste reduction and recycling and culture-
orientation.

Siting. The green buildings should be oriented on the lot to maximize

natural lightning and natural ventilation, and to minimize heat. The locating projects
should be near transportation lines and catchment areas minimize energy use.

Energy Efficiency. All possible measures should be taken to ensure that

the building's use of energy was minimal. Cooling and lighting systems use
methods and products that conserve or eliminate energy use.
 Material Efficiency. All possible measures should be taken to use building
materials and products that minimize destruction of the global environment. Wood
was selected based on non-destructive forestry practices. Other materials and
products should be considered based on the toxic waste output of production

Water Efficiency. Water saving was important since fresh water resources
in many areas was being rapidly depleted by development, reservoirs was
shrinking and aquifer depths was dropping. Thus, it is important to lower water
consumption through low-flush toilets, low-flow showerheads and faucets, and
washing machines that have "water-miser" features.

Indoor Environmental Quality. The most important part of a structure was

its indoor space because it was here where the interaction of the inhabitants and
his physical shell interact. The materials used and the orientation of the structure
with regards to its environment affects significantly the indoor environmental
quality of a green building.

Waste Reduction and Recycling. Waste management should give great

importance and has the element of recycling. Used water (called gray water)
should use for flushing toilets and irrigation. Construction materials and furniture
are reused or recycled.

Culture-Orientation. It was also important to consider the behavior and

values of its inhabitants in the design of the green building. In the Philippine
context, values should reflect most in the family and the community.

Relevance:

The article gives or helps the researcher to understand more about the
green architecture in the building and tackles about the elements of siting, energy
efficiency, material efficiency, water efficiency, indoor environmental quality, waste
reduction and recycling and culture-orientation that provides the researchers idea
on how to incorporate green design on the proposed project.
Laguna Lake Development Authority Building
Quezon City

Laguna Lake Development

Authority is the first-ever government
green building in the Philippines. This
project earned a LEED certificate and
a possible three-star rating from
BERDE.

The stilted building is

connected by bridges with ground-
level parking space to lessen its ecological footprint and avoid damaging the
existing biodiversity. The building maximizes the natural daylight through shallow
widths and light shelves, also reducing the need for electric lighting. Air
conditioning cools only 69 percent of the building, although all rooms have the
option for natural ventilation. The building’s design also includes a rainwater
catchment system.

The site presents a wetland that represent the ecological process

happening in Laguna Lake for educational and viewing purposes. The engineering
of this wetland allows for on-site natural treatment of storm water and cooling of
hot breezes. (https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/12-sustainable-offices-
philippines/)

Relevance:

The literature above promoted an environmental friendly place. Where

designer design a building that uses natural ventilation and by that it reduces the
need for electrical lighting. The researcher will adopt the design of using natural
ventilation and lighting throughout the building.

Zuellig Building
Makati

The Zuellig Building is the first building in the country to get a gold level
LEED-CS (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design – Core and Shell)
certification, which has now turned Platinum. A game changer in the architectural
field in the Philippines, it is a 33-floor,
all-glass building with low-emissivity
(Low-E) glass system that helps lessen
solar heat gain while maximizing natural
light. This floor-to-ceiling panel allows
daylight to illuminate almost 90% of the
building’s interior. It has a dimming
system to adjust the intensity of the
light; and heat, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system to regulate outside
air flow ensuring superior indoor air quality. These control systems help reduce the
building’s overall energy consumption by 15 percent.

The building, installed with premium drainage and irrigation system, also
has a rain catchment facility which recycles water condensation, saving nearly 29
million liters yearly. Home to several floors of different offices, the Zuellig Building
also has a centralized paper recycling facility.

(https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/12-sustainable-offices-philippines/)

Relevance:

The building has a rain catchment facility that recycles water condensations.
Also the researcher will adopt the use of glass with low-emissivity in some parts of
the building to help lessen solar gain and maximize the natural lighting.

Elevated Walkways
Ortigas, Pasig City,

The Ortigas CBD Elevated

Plaza was recently inaugurated, and
the walkway—which is one of a series
of proposed pedestrian improvements
in Ortigas Center—rises above the
intersection of Julia Vargas and F.
Ortigas Avenues (formerly Emerald
Avenue) in Pasig City. Some of the
features of the elevated plaza include wide pedestrian areas, covered walkways,
landscaping, and a fountain with a dome skylight that allows natural light below.
The walkway was designed by architect Paulo Alcazaren and his design
firm PGAA Creative Design-Urban Designers and Landscape Architects, and was
built as a safe area for pedestrians to cross the congested intersection of Julia
Vargas and F. Ortigas. Alcazaren, an active proponent of proper urban planning in
the country, has a dream of making every city in Metro Manila into a walkable city,
which will minimize street congestion, increase safety and convenience for
commuters, and promote better health. According to this post, one of his projects
is the Ortigas Walkway project of the ADB and the Department of Transportation,
and the goal is to provide adequate, secure, comfortable, person with disability-
friendly, weather-protected pedestrian links from the EDSA MRT to
Guadix/Poveda/Robinsons/Ortigas Ave. to the north and SM Megamall/ADB
Avenue/Opal/F. Ortigas Jr./Onyx/Meralco Avenue to the east.
(https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/palgrave.udi.9000006.pdf)

Relevance:

The literature used covered walkways which the researcher will adopt the
idea for the convenience of the users and to provide connection to different
government agencies in the proposed project. Also the wide pedestrian area and
landscaping will be adopting in the design.

3.1.2 Foreign Literature

Amaravati Government Complex

India

The new administrative

capital of the Indian state of
Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati
was born following the
redefinition of state
boundaries between Andhra
Pradesh and the newly
created state of Telangana.
Foster + Partners has designed the master plan for the new government complex,
which forms the central focus of the 217-square-kilometre city. This project
includes the design of two key buildings: the legislature assembly and the high
court complex, along with several secretariat buildings, where the offices of state
administration are located.

Situated on the banks of the River Krishna, the new city was strategically
positioned to benefit from an abundant supply of fresh water, and will be one of the
most sustainable in the world. This projects allocation measuring 5.5 kilometres x
1 kilometre, the governmental complex occupies the heart of the city, defined by a
strong urban grid that structures the city. It was inspired by Lutyen’s New Delhi
and New York’s Central Park, a clearly defined green spine runs through its length,
providing the foundation of the masterplan’s environmental strategy, where at least
60% of the area is occupied by greenery or water. The city has been designed to
the highest standards of sustainability, with the latest technologies that are
currently being developed in India, such as photovoltaics. The transportation
strategy includes electric vehicles, water taxis, and dedicated cycle routes, along
with shaded streets and squares that will encourage people to walk through the
city.(https://www.archilovers.com/projects/230941/amaravati-government-
complex.html)

Relevance:

The idea to arrange the various government agencies from highest to lowest
should be added to the study. This cited literature emphasizes on the sustainable
design. It incorporates in applying technologies that will make the service faster.
Also, this study tackles about transportation strategy includes electric vehicles,
water taxis, and dedicated cycle routes, along with shaded streets and squares
that will encourage people to walk through the city.

The Blauhaus at Niederrheim University

Andreas Horsky via Kadawittfeld Architecture

This building used the solar panels

as a tessellation windows that can be
rotated to follow the sun. It was designed
by Kadawittfeld Architecture. At first glance
this Blauhaus looks like it has a façade
composed solely of blue glass but in closer
inspection you will notice that it was a solar
panels tessellation window. (https://www.archdaily.com/779991/new-blauhaus-
kadawittfeldarchitektur)

The Carbon Positive House

Middle of the City Square

The ArchiBlox sustainable house

was the Australia’s first carbon-positive
prefab home. The most impressive thing
about this solar panel-topped carbon
positive house prototype was that it can
produce more energy than it consumes.
This prototype was displayed in
Melbourne’s City Square for a certain time.
This firm showed that architects don’t have
to study sustainability to create sustainable buildings that benefit people without
harming the environment. (https://www.greenroofs.com/2019/01/29/how-
sustainability-is-shaping-modern-architecture/)

Relevance:

The Blauhaus at Niederrheim University and The Carbon Positive House

used solar panels that helps to provide electricity in the building. This study showed
that architects don’t have to study sustainability to create sustainable buildings that
benefit people without harming the environment. The researcher will adopt this
kind of concept in the proposed project.

Flower Cage House

Bangkok, Thailand

A steel grid containing 102 olive trees

fronts this house in Bangkok, designed by
locally based architecture office Anonym. Called
Flower Cage House, ‘the plants were intended
to create a symbol of peace and also help to
soften the facade’s appearance’.
(https://www.greenroofs.com/2019/01/29/how-sustainability-is-shaping-modern-
architecture/)

Relevance:

The literature above design through integration of plants in the façade of the
building which the researchers will adopt the concept of green architecture.

Pocket Garden – Information on Pocket Garden Design

According to Bonnie L. Grant, Certified Urban Agriculturist, the first step to

a pocket garden was to look around the space and consider the challenges and
assets. Lighting, ability to provide water, theme and many other considerations
need to come into play. In most cases, maintenance would be an issue.

Choose low need plants that can sustain themselves without much
intervention. Succulents, alpine plants, some grasses and spurge are excellent
choices. The feel that you are trying to achieve was important, but so are plant
needs. Use plants that have similar requirements in the small space for best
results. An example might be a niche planting of clumping bamboo with containers
of succulents as accents in a patio setting.

The choices are endless, but the best pocket garden should complimentary
textures and plant needs.

Getting Started with Pocket Garden Design

Pocket gardens can be as simple as several matching planters of

ornamental grasses along the driveway to succulents tucked into the rock wall that
abuts a path. It’s all about creating interest where there was just manmade space.
More intricate pocket design requires individual small beds among stonework or
installed as part of the patio space. This doesn’t require a professional unless you
are not up to building such accents. You can use containers to the same effect.
According to Bonnie L. Grant, creating pocket gardens was an opportunity to
express your individuality and refresh a space. You can even pocket garden a
small herb garden outside the kitchen or a bed of colorful varietal lettuces. The
mini garden spaces should suit your vision and purpose while providing plants with
enough soil and complimentary requirements.

(https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/design/lideas/pocket-
garden-information.htm)
Relevance:

The above literature provided information about designing a pocket garden

in a building which will be used by the researcher in the proposed project for a
refresh working place.

Benefits of green building

Green building is a way of implementing sustainable development

within the construction industry. It offers several social, economic, and
environmental benefits to the construction industry. However, little scholarly
attention has been given to the need to provide systematic review studies on this
large number of benefits which would be useful for promoting green building.
Researchers have published studies that report various tangible and intangible
benefits of green building. This paper reports a review of the existing body of
knowledge about green building benefits. By reviewing selected papers published
in peer-reviewed journals in CM field from 2004 to 2014 (years inclusive), this study
identified a number of benefits that could be derived from implementing green
building. It was found that the most reported and hence most important benefits of
green building in the literature are reduced lifecycle costs, energy saving,
enhanced occupants’ health and comfort, improved overall productivity, and
environmental protection. The practical implication is that stakeholders who want
to reduce their occupancy cost, improve their business performance, reduce
their environmental impact, and enhance their health and wellbeing should not
only focus on the potential high investment cost, but should also consider these
benefits in their decisions to implement green building practices. That is, the
understanding of green building benefits could help stakeholders make
informed green building related decisions. To further promote the adoption of
green building, government and advocates should convey the benefits of green
building identified in this study to relevant parties in the industry. One
recommendation is that public education related to green building and its benefits
should be high on government agenda. Television and radio programs could be
some of the effective and easy ways to educate the general public on green
building benefits.

Relevance:

The article stated above tackled about the important benefits of green
building, it will reduced lifecycle costs, energy saving, enhanced occupants’
health and comfort, improved overall productivity, and environmental
protection. This study provide additional knowledge and information about green
building to the researcher which will be used to the proposed project.

3.2. RELATED STUDY

3.2.1. LOCAL STUDY

Davao Regional Government Center

Bago Oshiro, Davao City

The article was a proposed Regional Government Center in Davao that will
be situated at the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) Bago Oshiro, Davao City. The
Association of Regional Executives of National Agencies (ARENA) Davao
proposed a Regional Government Center to bring better public services to
Dabawenyos. One of the problem in Davao, the different government agencies
was dispersed that very far from each other which is very inefficient, time
consuming and tedious for clients. The former president of National Economic
Development Authority (NEDA) regional director said that the RGC would bring
administrative efficiency and better services because the various government
agencies will be nearer to each other that would give the public a better service.
This government center was situated to Bago, Oshiro to prevent overcrowding and
congestion in the business district of the city. (https://www.mindanews.com/top-
stories/2019/02/construction-of-davao-regional-government-center-pushed/)

Relevance:

The study stated above is similar to the proposed project because its goal
is to provide government center that will give administrative efficiency and better
services to the public by placing them in one place.

Taguig Government Complex

South-Eastern of Metro Manila,

Taguig CityThe Taguig Government Complex was a project of the

government of Taguig that aims to provide design of government complex that will
strengthen the bond between the community and the government as well as
enhance the efficiency of city
government related activities
and civic facilities which turn
would result to good
governance. The design of this
project was guided by the
philosophy: ‘Unity can be
achieved by giving importance
to the domain as a whole and
interdependence of its parts’. It means the uniting of the government offices and
connecting the lowest to highest sectors of government to the community. It is also
a centralization concept, a strategy to unify community and government sectors
such as sports and recreation, education, health, recreation and law enforcement
sectors that make the community an interactive and cooperative with one another.

Along with centralization, this project was also incorporate the Electronic
Government (E-Government) System where in information and communications
technology (ICT) and other web-based technologies is used to enhance access of
information and improve delivery, efficiency and effectiveness of service to the
public.(https://ccdreview.blogspot.com/2014/04/2014-national-architectural-
thesis_3.html?m=1)

Relevance:

This research is related to the study because it aims to centralizing the

different government agencies and uniting the community and government sector.
This leads the proponent to come up with the concept of effectiveness through
centralization of a government facilities so that the public services will become
more efficient to the clients. Also the researcher will adopt the E-Government
System to enhance access and provide efficient services to the public.
MIMAROPA Regional Government Center
Barangay Sta. Isabel, Calapan City

The MIMAROPA Regional

Development Council and the
province of Oriental Mindoro had
signed a usufruct agreement for the
construction of the Regional
Government Center in Calapan
City. Palawan Governor Jose Ch.
Alvarez, chairperson of the RDC, and Oriental Mindoro Governor Alfonso Umali,
Jr. signed the agreement during the 4th quarter regular meeting of the council.
Capalan City is the capital of Oriental Mindoro province.

According to Governor Jose the MIMAROPA Regional Government Center

will house various regional offices of the national government to serve the region.
The construction of the Mimaropa Regional Government Center is in accordance
with Republic Act 10879 as stated in Article VI, Section 27 of the Philippine
Constitution or better known as the Mimaropa Region. The construction of the
Mimaropa Regional Government Center is in accordance with Republic Act 10879
as stated in Article VI, Section 27 of the Philippine Constitution or better known as
the Mimaropa Region.

Its establishment was approved on July 17, 2016 with the aim of the name
Region IV-B to seek recognition in its new name Mimaropa Region. It consists of
the provinces of Mindoro Oriental, Mindoro Occidental, Marinduque, Romblon and
Palawan. The Regional Government Center site, with an area of more than 50,000
square meters originated in the provincial government of Oriental Mindoro. To
make the vacant land owned by the local government productive, Governador
said. It has been used for such a project which he considers important and
necessary project to contribute not only to the further development of this province
but to his dream of unity and furtherance of the Mimaropa.
(https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1002505)

Relevance:

The article is relevant to the study because according to Governor Jose the
MIMAROPA Regional Government Center will house various regional offices of
the national government to serve the region. This literature has the same goal, to
have a regional government office in one location for better services to the
community.

City Government of Imus

City information and

concurrent tourism chief Edgardo
‘Jay’ Saquilayan said the project,
which was conceptualized and
designed by the City Architect
Office based on green
architecture principles, will house the city’s Executive and Legislative buildings and
other national government offices. According to Saquilayan the new building, was
intended to be energy efficient, environment-friendly, accessible and sustainable.
The city government’s response to the Imuseños growing needs and increasing
demand for better services, as well as to accommodate and bolster the city’s
growing economy.

The 30,148-square meter, 5-storey Executive building will house the

Business One Stop Shop (BOSS) and other frontline services in its ground floor.
The remaining floors shall house the executive offices (mayor’s, tourism and
development, information, youth affairs engineering and architect’s offices to name
a few) plus a fully equipped wellness space to ensure wellbeing and increased
productivity of the city government workers.

On the other hand, the 11,154 square meter, 3-storey Legislative building,
will house the office of the vice mayor, the city council and other national
government agencies such as the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) and the
Commission on Elections (Comelec), among others. A session hall will be
constructed adjacent to this building.

The new government center will be built next to the ‘Ospital of Imus,’ the
first public hospital in the 3rd district of Cavite which formally opened to serve the
public last Friday (Oct 12). Besides the government center, another PHP 400
million was earmarked for the City of Imus Coliseum project – a 4,500 capacity
coliseum, envisioned to be the venue of concerts and indoor sporting activities.
The 9,300 square meter coliseum, located within the new city hospital complex, is
expected to be completed by 2021. City officials, led by Mayor Emmanuel L.
Maliksi, 3rd District Rep. Alex L. Advincula and Vice Mayor Arnel M. Cantimbuhan
led the groundbreaking ceremony of these two projects, as a side activity of the
‘Ospital ng Imus’ Inauguration on Oct. 12.

(https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1051061).

Relevance:

Based on this article, this City Government of Imus will be built a new
government center, legislative building, and Business One Stop Shop. According
to Saquilayan the new building, was intended to be energy efficient, environment-
friendly, accessible and sustainable which led the proponent to use the approach
in the project.

Bataan's New Government Center Building

Bataan

The 5-level “Bunker”

Building with basement and
mezzanine which to serve as
the new Governor’s Office
and other provincial
government offices. The
design highlights the heroic
stand of Filipino and American
soldiers in making Bataan as
the focal point of resistance against the Japanese invasion forces during World
War II. A 142-Room Business Hotel, accentuated by one 6-level Business
Processing Outsourcing (BPO) building and two 4-level BPO Buildings.

The interior design concept of the “Bunker” will provide open and
transparent offices to the province and the regional government centres (RGC).
The focal point of the “bunker’s” interior is the Bataan Museum and Library helix
gallery. This continuous spiral ram will connect all levels of the structure forms a
six storey central cylindrical atrium which is provided with natural lighting through
clerestory windows. The open gallery will encourage the general public to view and
learn more about the province while being served of their needs by the RGC
offices. Visitors can take the elevators up to the fifth level and leisurely stroll down
the wide low gradient ram to view the displays in the gallery congruent to the
famous Guggenheim Museum in New York, USA and Bilbao, Spain.
 The “barrier free” design of the “Bunker” and all the other proposed new
structures and facilities of the Bataan Provincial Compound complies with all
disability laws and access requirements of the National Council on Disability Affairs
(NCDA). CITY of BALANGA, Bataan – Governor Albert S. Garcia and Mr. Dato
Azmil Khalid, President and CEO of Alloy MTD Group led the ceremonial
commencement of the demolition and construction of the Bataan Government
Center and Business Hub “The Bunker” Building. Gov. Abet assured the guests
and participants that the construction of the new business hub will be a successful
one. According to Gov. Abet, it will house national government agencies,
government-owned and controlled corporations, and government offices and
become a citizen-centered hub.

(https://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1917371)

Relevance:

The interior design concept of the “Bunker” will provide open and
transparent offices to the province and the regional government centres (RGC).
The continuous spiral ram will connect all levels of the structure forms a six storey
central cylindrical atrium which is provided with natural lighting through clerestory
windows. The open gallery will encourage the general public to view and learn
more about the province while being served of their needs by the RGC offices. The
design of this Bunker will adopt by the researcher to provide conveniences for the
users.

3.2.2 Foreign Study

Green Office Park

Indonesia

The study was all about BSD

Green Office Park. Indonesia was not
specifically known for being an
environmentally friendly country. Green
Building Council Indonesia was making
steps towards ensuring a sustainable
future and attaining carbon neutral
climate, and they plan on doing it by
‘green building’. According to GBCI green building comprised the appropriate site
development, energy efficiency, water conservation, material resources and cycle,
indoor air health and comfort, and building environment management.

BSD Green Office Park was the first green office in the Indonesia,
encompassing a total area of approximately 25 hectares. The district offers a park-
like ambiance and was home of 11 five-storey buildings. It was an eco-friendly
practices and had been recognized for having incorporated ‘advanced green
architectures to conserve energy, water, and natural resources’.
(https://www.greenroofs.com/2019/01/29/how-sustainability-is-shaping-modern-
architecture/)

Relevance:

The above study focuses on environmental aspects of sustainability such

as energy consumption, water efficiency and greenhouse gas emission together
with the technical solution which will be adopted by the proponent for the proposed
project. The review also showed that there is a move from focusing on building
itself only to the interaction between building and its users.

Chungnam Government Complex

Hongsong, Korea

Chungnam Government
Complex was a new prototype of
Government Complex as ‘Public Park’
at the Korea National Competition for
the architectural design of the new
Chungnam Provincial Government
Complex. Chungnam was one of the
9-provinces of Korea that planning to reinvent its institutional image and functions
by relocating its Provincial Capital City and build a new headquarters for the
government in the new city.

Based on this article Chungnam was the nation’s heartland province with
abundant natural resources, affirmative measures to reconcile the building and
natural ground, and used this to marry government buildings were placed with an
inspirational and inviting civic park where the boundary between architecture and
landscape was diffused.

In this article, it tackles the existing topography at the site that the minimally
disturbed for grading, became specific directives for building placements and
massing geometry. Green axes were also diversified to evolve buildings into
organic shapes and to recognize view corridors offered by the natural scenery
surrounding the site. Intensive green measures were also incorporated throughout
the project in selecting building technology, structural and finish materials, and
maintenance and operational programs for post occupancy.
(https://archinect.com/firms/project/6679589/chungnam-government-
complex/55825964)

Relevance:

This article used the natural scenery of the Korea to come up with the
concept of the government complex. Green architecture were also incorporated to
the project especially in technology, structural and finish materials, and
maintenance and operational program for the post occupancy. It gives the
researcher the idea to use natural scenery surrounding the site and avoid changing
the natural landscape topography of the site.

A Government Center for Boston, Massachusetts

The design proposals made in this thesis are all based on the conception
that a government center for Boston should be a center in the fullest meaning of
the word. In this thesis the researcher stated that a Government should be
characterized as "of the people, by the people, and for the people". A government
center should belong to the people, it serves in a very real sense. This thesis study
proposes that a government center for Boston should be develop as a visual center
for Boston, and a center of activity for the people of Boston.

The design effort in this study should be directed at four major areas of
emphasis: the development of overall building forms which will satisfy programmed
cubage requirements and site floor-area- ratios, and at the same time create
directional masses which will better define outdoor spaces; siting of the buildings
in relation to each other to achieve a unified total development; creation of a series
of public pedestrian plazas utilizing natural change of grade in the site to achieve
variety of spatial experience; provision of adequate automobile parking for the
newly created demand.

The researcher also investigate the relation between the government center
as a whole and the environment of the city in which it is located, it has been
recommended that contrast in visual form be used to set the new government
center apart as a focus. Thus the center may stand as an important architectural
landmark within its context. (Bobby Thomas Eskridge, B.S, Yale University)

Relevance:

The study gathered is relatively similar to the proposed project because it

aimed to unite government offices. Since Government Center is for the public it
should be design for the people. Providing outdoor spaces, siting of the buildings
in relation to each other to achieve a unified total development; creation of a series
of public pedestrian plazas utilizing natural change of grade in the site to achieve
variety of spatial experience; provision of adequate automobile parking for the
newly created demand will be adopting by the researchers.

The making of successful public space: a case study of People's Park

Square

People's Park Square is a lively urban node located in the heart of the
historic Chinatown district in Singapore. It is well used throughout the week and is
the focus of much of the pedestrian activity that goes on in the area. This case
study is part of an on-going research project on the nature of good Southeast Asian
streets and urban spaces and through, the researcher hope to identify and
document answers to such questions as: why is the Square a successful urban
space? What are the factors that make it work? What are the designable physical
characteristics of such spaces? What can be done to promote good streets and
urban spaces? For while the importance of creating good streets and urban spaces
that provide conducive settings for public life is increasingly being acknowledged,
the study of our regional urban environment has been, to date, largely neglected.
Ultimately, the purpose of the study is to analyse the various factors involved in
the makeup of successful Southeast Asian urban areas and to distill the findings
into a set of physical designable characteristics that can be used to facilitate the
future creation of successful urban spaces adapted to our regional requirements.
The study aims to establish the criteria for good streets and urban spaces in our
region, identify the physical designable qualities of good streets and urban spaces;
and, compile a report that can be easily accessed by academics and designers in
the region. Ultimately, the purpose of the study is: to improve the understanding of
urban streets and spaces relative to the Southeast Asian context; to analyse the
various factors involved in the makeup of successful Southeast Asian urban areas;
and, to distill the findings into a set of physical designable characteristics that can
be used to facilitate the future creation of successful urban spaces adapted to our
regional requirements. The research team is currently undertaking a series of case
studies in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines.

(https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/palgrave.udi.9000006.pdf)

Relevance:

The gathered study is about designing a public space and street which will
adopt in the proposed project to provide a better work place and connection of
people and the building.

Slave Lake Government Centre and Library

Town of Slave Lake, Alberta

Located 250 km north

of Edmonton, the Town of
Slave Lake, Alberta, was
home to 7,000 residents and
serves as a regional hub for
a population of 25,000. The
new Slave Lake Government
Centre and Library was
designed and built to
consolidate a number of government services, in outdated facilities, that were
distributed throughout the community of Slave Lake. The new building, which is a
combination of renovated space and new construction has streamlined the delivery
of public services in Slave Lake and provided a central place where citizens can
meet, interact and conduct daily business in one stop.
 The Library. The provincial area includes office space for 13 government
departments and a courthouse with two courtrooms. The Municipal area includes
office and meeting space, the council chamber, and the municipal library. This new
community hub and government centre was a one-stop, service-oriented landmark
for the citizens of the Slave Lake region. Centralizing services was seen as a way
to reduce car use and increase foot traffic. The result was more pedestrian friendly
and green downtown that maximizes green space, preserves the site’s existing
trees and offers a public

Design Development

The centrally-located facility was intended to become a permanent anchor

for the town, revitalizing the downtown area while enhancing the presence of
provincial government services. Using the SMARTTM (Specific, Measurable,
Achievable, Realistic and Timely) project management process, Manasc Isaac
consulted Town representatives, citizens and provincial representatives to define
a number of success factors for the facility that included:

 facility that is friendly to the street, encourages walking and bicycling and
reflects the culture, history, and future viability of the community.
 bright, attractive, and welcoming building that draws people to it.
 uses best practices to achieve long-term sustainable design.
 demonstrates commitment to stewardship of the environment and the
community of Slave Lake”

Sustainable Design

The Slave Lake Government Centre and Library was designed to achieve
the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) Silver rating level.
By engaging in a collaborative process with the community of Slave Lake, Manasc
Isaac integrated a number of sustainable design and urban design strategies that
enhance the Town of Slave Lake’s new building. These strategies include:

 Making use of redundant space in Sawridge Mall and placing a high priority
on urban revitalization, enhanced green space and site landscaping.
 Retarding storm water runoff from the site to the surrounding, low-lying
area.
 Reducing energy consumption 45% below the requirements of the Model
National Energy Code for Buildings (MNECB) through high-performance
walls, windows, roof and mechanical system.
 Incorporating a construction /waste management plan in the construction
specifications to divert the maximum amount of waste from landfill.
 Using regional materials and reused wood materials.
 Specifying low-emitting materials to minimize the emission of indoor air
contaminants.
 Maximizing the use of daylight to reduce the need for electric lighting

(https://cecobois.com/publications_documents/publications-casestudy-
Slave_Lake_Centre1.pdf)

Relevance:

This study is relevant to the proposed project because it was designed to

provide a central place where citizens can meet, interact and conduct daily
business in one stop. They provided also a pedestrian friendly and green
downtown that maximizes green space, preserves the site’s existing trees and
offers to the public. This study also adopted the sustainable design.