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Chapter 1: Number System: 1.2 Complex Numbers

This document summarizes key concepts about complex numbers. It defines complex numbers using Cartesian form (a + bi) and polar form (r(cosθ + i sinθ)). It explains how to represent a complex number in these forms and convert between them. The document also covers finding the conjugate, modulus, and argument of a complex number. Examples are provided to demonstrate computing sums, differences, products, and divisions of complex numbers.

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jokydin92
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206 views21 pages

Chapter 1: Number System: 1.2 Complex Numbers

This document summarizes key concepts about complex numbers. It defines complex numbers using Cartesian form (a + bi) and polar form (r(cosθ + i sinθ)). It explains how to represent a complex number in these forms and convert between them. The document also covers finding the conjugate, modulus, and argument of a complex number. Examples are provided to demonstrate computing sums, differences, products, and divisions of complex numbers.

Uploaded by

jokydin92
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: Number System

1.2 Complex Numbers

Prepared by: kwkang


Learning Outcomes
(a) Represent a complex number in Cartesian
form
(b) Define the equality of two complex numbers
(c) Compute the conjugate of a Complex
Number z  .
(d) Determine a Complex Number in polar form
z  r (cos   i sin  ) where r  0 and       .

kwkang@KMK
Complex Number
Imaginary part

z  a  bi
Real part

i  1 or i 2  1

Bloom: Remembering
kwkang@KMK
Equality of two complex numbers

Real parts

a  bi  c  di
Imaginary parts
Then ac and bd
kwkang@KMK Bloom: Remembering
Conjugate of a complex number

Complex number Conjugate


1 4i 1 4i
 5  2i  5  2i
 3 7i  3 7i
10i 10i
Bloom: Remembering
kwkang@KMK
Addition and subtraction

z1  a  bi and z2  c  di
Addition
z1  z2  (a  c)  (b  d )i

Subtraction
z1  z2  (a  c)  (b  d )i
Bloom: Remembering
kwkang@KMK
Multiplication and Division

Multiplication
c(a  bi)  ac  bci
Division
a  bi a b
  i
c c c Bloom: Remembering
kwkang@KMK
Example
(1) Write each of the following imaginary
numbers in terms of i.
(a)  4 (b)  9
16

(2) Determine the real values of x and y if


x  4  i  10  ( 2 y  7)i

Bloom: Understanding
kwkang@KMK
Example
(3) Find each of the following in the form a  bi ,
where a and b are real numbers.
(a) (7  3i )  (2  5i )
(b) (4  i )  (10  2i )
(c) (7  i )(2  5i )
4
(d) 1  2i

Bloom: Understanding
kwkang@KMK
Solution
(1) (a)  4  4i (b) 9
 
9
i
 2i 16 16
3
 i
4

(2) x  4  i  10  ( 2 y  7)i
( x  4)  i  10  ( 2 y  7)i
x  4  10 1  2 y  7
x  6 y 3
Imaginary part
Real part Bloom: Understanding
kwkang@KMK
Solution
(3) (a) (7  3i )  (2  5i )  (7  2)  (3i  5i )
 5  8i
(b) (4  i )  (10  2i )  (4  10 )  (i  2i )
 6  i
(c) (7  i)(2  5i)  14  35i  2i  5i 2
 14  37 i  5(1) i 2  1
 14  37i  5
 9  37i Bloom: Understanding
kwkang@KMK
Solution
(3) (d) 4 4 1  2i
  Multiply with the conjugate
1  2i 1  2i 1  2i of the denominator

4  8i

1 4
4  8i

5
4 8
  i
5 5

Bloom: Understanding
kwkang@KMK
Complex number in polar form

z  r (cos   i sin  )
Where, y P ( a, b)
r  z  a b 2 2

b

Modulus of z x
0 a

b
  arg( z )  tan 1

a Bloom: Remembering
kwkang@KMK
Example
Express 3  i in polar form.
Solution:

r   3   (1)  4  2
2 2

arg 3  i   tan 
1 1  


3 6

 
6 Bloom: Understanding
  
 3  i  2 cos  i sin  kwkang@KMK
 6 6
Self-check
(1) Simplify
(a)   81 (b)  3   12
(2) Determine the real values of x and y if
(a) x  yi  8  x  7i
(b) 6 x  ( 2  y )i   x  3 yi
(3) Express the following in the form a  bi.
(a) ( 4  i )  (3  5i )
(b) 3( 4  3i )  5( 2  5i )
Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Self-check
(4) Simplify.
(a) ( 9  4i )( 3  4i )
(b)  2  i 2 
2

(5) Find each of the following in the Cartesian


form.
(b) 11  2i
15
(a)
4  3i  2  5i
Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Self-check
(6) Find the modulus and argument of the
complex number z  4  4 3i.
Hence, expressz in the polar form.

Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Answer Self-check
(1) (a)  9i (b)  6
(2) (a) x  4, y  7
1
(b) x  0, y 
2
(3) (a) 7  4i (b) 2  16i
(4) (a) 43  24i (b) 2  4 2i

Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Answer Self-check
(5) (a) 12  9 i (b)  12  59 i
5 5 29 29

2  2 2 
(6) z  8 , arg z  , 8 cos  i sin 
3  3 3 

Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Summary
Cartesian Form Polar Form

𝒁 = 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊 𝒁 = 𝒓(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)

Complex Number

Modulus Argument

𝟐 𝟐 𝒃 𝒃
𝒁 = 𝒂 + 𝒃 𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 −𝟏
+𝝅 𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 −𝟏
𝒂 𝒂
𝒃 −𝟏
𝒃
𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 −𝝅 𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒂 𝒂
kwkang@KMK Bloom: Remembering
Key Terms
• Real part
• Imaginary part
• Conjugate
• Modulus
• Argument
• Cartesian form
• Polar form

kwkang@KMK

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