Scribd
Upload
334 views30 pages

Chapter 3: Sequences and Series: 3.2 Binomial Expansion

This document discusses binomial expansion. When the power n is a positive integer, the general term of the expansion is determined using binomial coefficients. When n is negative or fractional, the binomial series is determined using factorials in the denominator. Examples are provided to demonstrate expanding binomial expressions and determining terms and coefficients in the expansions.

Uploaded by

jokydin92
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
334 views30 pages

Chapter 3: Sequences and Series: 3.2 Binomial Expansion

This document discusses binomial expansion. When the power n is a positive integer, the general term of the expansion is determined using binomial coefficients. When n is negative or fractional, the binomial series is determined using factorials in the denominator. Examples are provided to demonstrate expanding binomial expressions and determining terms and coefficients in the expansions.

Uploaded by

jokydin92
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Chapter 3: Sequences and Series

3.2 Binomial Expansion

Prepared by: kwkang


Learning Outcomes
(a) Find the expansion of where is a
positive integer.
(b) Write notations and as a
binomial coefficient.
(c) Determine the general term in a binomial
expansion where is a positive
integer.

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Learning Outcomes
(d) Determine the expansion of for
where is a rational number for both
positive and negative numbers.
* where
* Use binomial expansion to approximate
values such as   𝟑
.

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Binomial Expansion

If is a positive integer, the general result for the


expansion of is
Type 1

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Remembering


Binomial Expansion
The general term,

If is negative or fractional, the binomial series


for is given by Type 2

before applying the expansion of


𝒏 as shown above.

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Remembering


Example
1. Expand the following using the binomial
theorem.
(a)
(b)

2. Find the 12th term in the expansion of


as a series in ascending powers of .

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Example
3. Find the coefficient of in the expansion of
.

4. Find the term independent of in the


expansion of .

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution
1. (a)

(b)

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (continue…)
2. Using term formula

3. Using term formula

Obviously, r=6

The coeficient of is .
kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding
Solution (continue…)
4. Independent of means without term. This is only
make possible if the power of is zero.

Collect all terms in and simplifying them if possible.

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Self-check
1. Expand the following using the binomial
theorem.
(a)
(b)

2. Find the 10th term in the expansion of


as a series in ascending powers of .

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Applying


Self-check
3. Find the coefficient of in the expansion of
.

4. Find the term independent of in the


expansion of .

Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Answer Self-check
(1) (a)
(b)

(2)

(3) 52.5

(4)

Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Example
1. Expand the following up to the term in .
(a)
(b)

2. For which value of are the expansions in


Question 1 valid?

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Example
3. Expand the function in a series of
ascending powers of as far as the term in
. State the value of for which each
expansion is valid.
4. Obtain the expansion of up to the
 

term. By putting , find a rational


approximation for   .

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution
1. (a)

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (Continue…)
1. (b)

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (Continue…)
2. (a) For expansion is valid,

(b) For expansion is valid,

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (Continue…)
3.

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (Continue…)
The expansion is valid for

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (Continue…)
4.

Put into

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (Continue…)
 

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Self-check
1. Expand the following up to the term in .
(a)
(b)

2. For which value of are the expansions in


Question 1 valid?

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Applying


Self-check
3. Expand the function in a series of
ascending powers of as far as the term in
. State the value of for which each
expansion is valid.
4. Obtain the expansion of up to the
 

term. By putting , find a rational


approximation for   .

Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Answer Self-check
(1) (a)

(b)

(2) (a)
(b)

Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Answer Self-check
(3)

(4)  

Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
BFF’s Technique

Bracket

Fill in the blank

Find value

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Remembering


BFF’s Technique
n positive integer n negative integer or fraction
𝒏
Formula 𝒏 𝒌 𝒏 𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏) 𝟐 𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝟐) 𝟑
𝒏 𝒌
𝒙+𝒂 = 𝒙 𝒂 𝟏 + 𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝒙 + …
𝒌 𝟐! 𝟑!
𝒌 𝟎

𝟐
BFF’s 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 𝟏+𝒙 𝟐

technique • 3 terms if power to 2 𝒏


𝒏 𝒏
𝒃 Must in the form of 𝟏 + 𝒙 𝒏
𝒂 + 𝒃𝒙 =𝒂 𝟏+
• 4 terms if power to 3 and so on… 𝒂 before doing expansion.
Step 1:
Bracket + + 𝟏+ 𝟏
+ 𝟐
+ 𝟑
+⋯
𝟏! 𝟐! 𝟑!

Step 2: 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟐 − 𝟏
Fill in the 𝟎
𝟐𝒙 𝟐
𝟓 𝟎
+
𝟏
𝟐𝒙 𝟏
𝟓 𝟏
+
𝟐
𝟐𝒙 𝟎
𝟓 𝟐
𝟏+
𝟏!
𝒙 𝟏+
𝟐!
𝒙 𝟐+
blank −𝟐 −𝟐 − 𝟏 −𝟐 − 𝟐
𝒙 𝟑+⋯
𝟑!

Step 3:
Find value 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓 𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + ⋯
Summary

Binomial expansion

Power, n is a positive Power, n is a negative


integer integer or fraction
𝒏
𝒂+𝒃 𝒏
= 𝟎
𝒂𝒏 + 𝒏𝟏 𝒂𝒏 𝟏 𝒃 + 𝒏
𝟐
𝒂𝒏 𝟐 𝟐
𝒃 + 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏
= 𝟏 + 𝒏𝒙 +
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒙𝟐
+
𝒏
𝒂𝒏 𝟑 𝒃𝟑 +… 𝟐!
𝟑 𝒏(𝒏 𝟏)(𝒏 𝟐)𝒙𝟑
+ …
𝟑!
𝒏 𝒏 𝒓 𝒓 𝒏
𝒓 𝟏 𝒓 𝒏
𝒃
𝒂 + 𝒃𝒙 = 𝒂𝒏 𝟏 +
𝒂

before applying the expansion


of 𝟏 + 𝒙 𝒏 as shown above.

kwkang@KMK
Bloom: Remembering
Key Terms
• Binomial expansion
• Validity of expansion
• Term
• Coefficient
• General term
• Positive integer
• Fraction
• Rational number

kwkang@KMK

You might also like