Scribd
Upload
88 views12 pages

Mech 3305: Fluid Mechanics: Differential Equations of Fluid Motion

This document provides an overview of fluid mechanics concepts for a lecture in Mech 3305: Fluid Mechanics at Dalhousie University. It introduces the control volume and differential approaches to analyzing fluid motion and conservation laws. Key concepts covered include velocity and acceleration fields, scalar fields like density and pressure, and how these fields interact in fluid flows. The document emphasizes that fluid flows are defined by interconnected vector and scalar fields.

Uploaded by

Hiroki Nose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
88 views12 pages

Mech 3305: Fluid Mechanics: Differential Equations of Fluid Motion

This document provides an overview of fluid mechanics concepts for a lecture in Mech 3305: Fluid Mechanics at Dalhousie University. It introduces the control volume and differential approaches to analyzing fluid motion and conservation laws. Key concepts covered include velocity and acceleration fields, scalar fields like density and pressure, and how these fields interact in fluid flows. The document emphasizes that fluid flows are defined by interconnected vector and scalar fields.

Uploaded by

Hiroki Nose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Mech 3305: Fluid Mechanics

Lecture 1
Differential Equations of Fluid Motion:
Introduction

Dalhousie University, Fall 2020


Dr. Benjamin Sponagle
Control Volume Approach
V˙ 3
●
Determine the gross-
average properties of
a flow through a
finite control volume V˙ 1
V˙ 2
y
– Average velocity over
a control surface
– Flow rate Fixed CV
const ρ
z
– etc. V˙ 1 + V˙ 2 + V˙ 3=0

x
Differential Approach
●
Apply fundamental
conservation laws to an
infinitesimal CV and then
integrate those differential
transport equations to solve
the flow within a finite CV dy
– Solution provides detailed
knowledge of the flow at all
points within the CV at “all”
times
– Can be very challenging to dz
solve
dx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navier%E2%80%93Stokes_existence_and_smoothness
https://www.claymath.org/sites/default/files/navierstokes.pdf
Velocity Field
●
Velocity is a 3 dimensional vector field
●
At every point in the CV the fluids velocity has
both a magnitude and direction
●
In Cartesian coordinates this is described by
the following three velocity components
⃗ =u( x , y , z , t) ⃗i + v( x , y , z ,t ) ⃗j + w ( x , y , z ,t ) ⃗k
V
Acceleration Field
●
It follows that the acceleration field of a fluid is:

d V⃗ du ⃗ dv ⃗ dw ⃗
a=
⃗ = i+ j+ k
dt dt dt dt
●
Using the chain rule we can solve each
components time derivative
du ( x , y , z , t ) ∂u ∂ u dx ∂u dy ∂u dz
ax= = + + +
dt ∂ t ∂ x dt ∂ y dt ∂ z dt

dx dy dz
=u =v =w
dt dt dt
du ( x , y , z , t ) ∂u ∂ u ∂u ∂u
ax= = + u+ v+ w
dt ∂t ∂x ∂y ∂z

du ( x , y , z , t ) ∂u ⃗
ax= = +( V⋅∇ )u
dt ∂t
Acceleration Field
●
The same can be done for each component
du ∂u ⃗
a x= = +( V⋅∇ ) u
dt ∂t

dv ∂ v ⃗
a y= = +( V⋅∇ )v
dt ∂ t

dw ∂w ⃗
a w= = +( V⋅∇ )w
dt ∂t

local convective
Scalar Fields
●
In addition to the Velocity field there are several scalar fields important
in flow problems
– Density (ρ)
– Pressure (P)
– Temperature (T)
– Fluid Properties (μ, cp, cv, etc.)
●
These are not independent. For example the fluid properties are largely
a function of T and P
●
As we will see, the general governing equations are highly non-linear
Key Points
●
Fluid flows are defined by both vector and scalar fields
●
These fields are not independent and are all functions
of one another
●
In many engineering problems, if you have
successfully solved the velocity field then everything
else was either solved simultaneously or directly
follows from the velocity field
Important Skills
●
Understand three dimensional vector fields
– Example: Can you plot the fluids acceleration along
the x axis given this velocity field V⃗ =3 t ⃗i + xz ⃗j +t y 2 ⃗k

You might also like