Group F – Lesson 1

Example 1
After simplification, the value of

2
1 - 1 ∙ (1 + 2) - (1 + 2)(13+ 2 + 3) - (1 + 2 + 3)(14 + 2 + 3 + 4)
100
- ··· - (1 + 2 + ⋯ + 99)(1 + 2 + ⋯ + 100)

is a proper fraction in its lowest form. Find the difference between its denominator and
numerator.

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 Example 2
Find the units digit of

⌊ 1020000
10100 + 3 ⌋

Example 3
Let 𝑥, 𝑦 be the numbers in the interval (0, 1) with the property that there exists a positive
number 𝑎 different from 1 such that
log𝑥 𝑎 + log𝑦 𝑎 = 4 log𝑥𝑦 𝑎

Prove that 𝑥 = 𝑦.

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 Example 4
If 𝑎, 𝑏 are real numbers and 𝑎2 + 3𝑎 + 1 = 0 and 𝑏2 + 3𝑏 + 1 = 0 , find the value of

𝑎 𝑏
+
𝑏 𝑎

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 Practice 1
Find the sum
1 2 3 50
+ + + ⋯ +
1 + 12 + 14 1 + 22 + 24 1 + 32 + 34 1 + 502 + 504

1
(A)
50

1275
(B)
2551

51
(C)
2500

1275
(D)
2501

(E) None of the above

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 Practice 2
Find the minimum natural number n, such that the equation

10𝑛
[ ] 𝑥
= 1989

has an integer solution 𝑥.

(A) 7
(B) 8
(C) 9
(D) 10
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 3
Find the number of real solutions to the system of inequalities

2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑧2 ≥ 1
𝑧 − |𝑥 + 𝑦| ≥ −1

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. None of the above

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 Practice 4
Given that 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the real roots of 𝑥2 − 2𝑥 − 1 = 0, find the value of 5𝛼4 +12𝛽3.

(A) 143
(B) 144
(C) 169
(D) 170
(E) None of the above

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 Group F – Lesson 2

Example 1
How many are there to choose 3 pairs of players for the doubles from 𝑛 (≥ 6) players?

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 Example 2
In a shooting tournament, 8 clay targets are arranged in two hanging columns of 3 each
and one column of 2, as pictured below.

A marksman is to break all 8 targets according to the following rules:

• First choose a column from which a target is to be broken
• Break the lowest remaining unbroken target in the chosen column

If these rules are followed, in how many different ways can the 8 targets be broken?

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 Example 3
Compute the probability of getting exactly 3 heads in 6 tosses of a fair coin if we know for
sure that at least 1 head will appear in the first 3 tosses.

Example 4
A coin is flipped until 2 tails have occurred. If the 1st tail occurred on the 𝑎 𝑡ℎ flip and the2nd
tail occurred on the 𝑏 𝑡ℎ flip, compute the probability that 𝑏 = 4𝑎.

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 Practice 1
How many ways are there to arrange 6 girls and 15 boys to dance in a circle such that there
are at least 2 boys between any 2 adjacent girls?

15!
(A)
3!

15!
(B)
3! · 12!

15! · 3!
(C)
8!

15! · 8!
(D)
3!

(E) None of the above

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 Practice 2
Two teams A and B participate in a table tennis tournament. A losing player is eliminated
while the winner stays to face the next player from the opposing team. The process
continues until all members of a team is eliminated. Given that there are 7 players oneach
team, what is the number of distinct ways in which the tournament can be played?

(A) 3432
(B) 3448
(C) 3660
(D) 3684
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 3
Felicia has a fair six-sided die. The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 appear on four faces while the
other two faces are blank. Nathan has a fair six-sided die showing the numbers 1 to 6.
Patrick has a fair twelve-sided die showing the numbers 1 to 12. Felicia, Nathan and Patrick
take turns rolling their dice in that order until someone wins by rolling a ‘1’. Compute the
probability that Patrick wins.

Note: If Felicia’s die comes up blank, she keeps rolling until it shows a number.

4
(A)
41

5
(B)
41
6
(C)
41
7
(D)
41

(E) None of the above

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 Practice 4
Kim, John and Uun sits at a circular table with 14 other people. If everyone sits down in
random seats, compute the probability that Kim is next to John or Uun.

4
(A)
121
28
(B)
121
23
(C)
120
29
(D)
120

(E) None of the above

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 Group F – Lesson 3

Example 1
In △ ABC, D is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵 and E is the midpoint of 𝐵𝐷. Point F is on 𝐴𝐵 such that
E is on 𝐶𝐹. If BF = 5, compute BA.

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 Example 2
X is outside △ ABC and P, Q and R lie on 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶 and 𝐴𝐶, respectively, such that
𝑋𝑃 ⊥ 𝐴𝐵 , 𝑋𝑄 ⊥ 𝐵𝐶 and 𝑋𝑅 ⊥ 𝐴𝐶 . If BP = 1, BQ = 2, CQ = 3, CR = 4 and AR = 5,
compute AP.

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 Example 3
In rhombus 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷, the radius of the circle through points 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 is 6, while the radius
of the circle through points 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐷 is 2. Compute the area of 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷.

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 Example 4
In △ 𝐾𝐿𝑀, the angle bisectors 𝐾𝑁 and 𝐿𝑃 intersect at 𝑄 and point 𝑀 lies on the circle
through 𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑁. If 𝑃𝑁 = 2, compute 𝑃𝑄.

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 Practice 1
A quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is split into two triangles of equal area by diagonal 𝐴𝐶. If 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶
are (1, 1), (17, 48) and (7, 7), respectively, and 𝐷 is (𝑎, 𝑏), compute 𝑎 − 𝑏.

(A) 31
(B) 32
(C) 33
(D) 34
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 2
In equilateral triangle △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐵 = 15. Point 𝐷 is the trisection point of 𝐵𝐶 closer to 𝐵
and point 𝐸 is on 𝐴𝐵 and equidistant from 𝐴 and 𝐷. Compute 𝐶𝐸.

(A) 10
(B) 11
(C) 12
(D) 13
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 3
A paper rectangle of size 10 × 24 units is folded and creased so that two opposite vertices
coincide. Compute the length of the crease formed.

65
(A)
6

65
(B)
3
64
(C)
3
(D) 12

(E) None of the above

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 Practice 4
Hexagon 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹 is inscribed in a circle with 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐸𝐹 = 2 and 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐹𝐴 = 10.
Compute the area of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the same circle.

(A) 31√2
(B) 23√3
(C) 23√2
(D) 31√3
(E) None of the above

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 Group F – Lesson 4

Example 1
Let 𝑛 be the smallest positive integer such that removing the leftmost digit of 𝑛 and placing
𝑛
it after the rightmost digit creates .Compute the number of digits in 𝑛.
4

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 Example 2
If 606, 967 and 1404 are each divided by a positive integer 𝑞, where 𝑞 > 1, they all leave
the same remainder 𝑟. Compute 𝑟.

Example 3
There are three consecutive odd positive integers greater than 10 such that the smallest is
divisible by 3, the middle by 5 and the largest by 7. Compute the smallest possible value of
the smallest of these integers.

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 Example 4
Find the smallest positive integer 𝑐 such that 546𝑎 + 1365𝑏 = 106 + 𝑐 for some integers
𝑎 and 𝑏.

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 Practice 1
Find the integer 𝑛 such that 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 𝑛 is a factor of 𝑥9 + 342𝑥 − 6461.

(A) 7
(B) 8
(C) 9
(D) 10
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 2

Find the smallest positive integer 𝑛 that (𝑎) has exactly three distinct prime factors and
(𝑏) has exactly eight positive integral factors, which sum to 3696.

(A) 1800
(B) 1842
(C) 1864
(D) 1992
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 3
How many integers 𝑇 are there between 1 and 1992 inclusive such that 𝑇 2 − 1 is divisible
by 256?

(A) 31
(B) 32
(C) 33
(D) 34
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 4
Find how many ordered pairs of positive integers (𝑚, 𝑛) satisfy 𝑓(𝑚, 𝑛) = 1992 giventhat

7 3
𝑓(𝑚, 𝑛) = (𝑚 + 𝑛) + |𝑚 − 𝑛|
2 2

(A) 111
(B) 112
(C) 113
(D) 114
(E) None of the above

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 Group F – Lesson 5

Example 1
1 1 1 1
The sum + + + ⋯+
1×2×3 2×3×4 3×4×5 100 × 101 ×102

𝑎
can be expressed as , a fraction in its simplest form. Find 𝑎 + 𝑏.
𝑏

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 Example 2
1+cos 𝑥
Determine the maximum value of , where 𝑥 ranges across all real numbers.
sin 𝑥+cos 𝑥+2

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 Example 3
Let tan 𝛼 and tan 𝛽 be two solutions of the equation 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 − 3 = 0. Find the value of

|sin2(𝛼 + 𝛽) − 3 sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) − 3 cos2(𝛼 + 𝛽)|

(Note: |𝑥| denotes the absolute value of 𝑥.)

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 Example 4
Suppose that 𝑎1, 𝑎2, 𝑎3, 𝑎4, …is an arithmetic progression with 𝑎1 > 0 and 3𝑎8 = 5𝑎13 .
Let 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + ⋯ + 𝑎 𝑛 for all integers 𝑛 ≥ 1. Find the integer 𝑛 such that 𝑆𝑛 has the
maximum value.

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 Practice 1

𝑥
If 𝑔(𝑥) = tan for 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋 and 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = sin 2𝑥 , find the value of 𝑘 such that
2
2
kf = 36 2
2

(A) 79
(B) 80
(C) 81
(D) 82
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 2
Let 𝑔(𝑥) be a strictly increasing function defined for all 𝑥 ≥ 0. It is known that the range of
𝑡 satisfying
𝑔(2𝑡2 + 𝑡 + 5) < 𝑔(𝑡2 − 3𝑡 + 2)
is 𝑏 < 𝑡 < 𝑎. Find 𝑎 − 𝑏.

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 3
The figure below shows an 8 × 9 rectangular board.

How many squares are there in the above rectangular board?

(A) 240
(B) 248
(C) 250
(D) 280
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 4
Let 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 be positive real numbers such that 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 2013. Find the maximum value

of 3𝑎 + 12 + 3b + 12 + 3c + 12

(A) 135
(B) 140
(C) 145
(D) 150
(E) None of the above

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 Group F – Lesson 6

Example 1
The sum of the squares of 50 consecutive odd integers is 300850. Find the largest odd
integer whose square is the last term of this sum.

Example 2
1000
Find the value of σ𝑘=3 log 2 𝑘 .

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 Example 3
2
Given that 𝑓(𝑥) is a polynomial of degree 2012, and that 𝑓(𝑘) = for 𝑘 = 1,2,3, … ,2013,
𝑘
find the value of 2014 × 𝑓(2014).

Example 4
Find the total number of sets of positive integers (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧), where 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 are positive
integers, with 𝑥 < 𝑦 < 𝑧 such that

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 203

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 Practice 1
There are a few integers 𝑛 such that 𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 1 divides 𝑛2013 + 61. Find the sum of the
squares of these integers.

(A) 60
(B) 61
(C) 62
(D) 63
(E) None of the above

Practice 2
It is given that the sequence 𝑎𝑛 ∞
𝑛=1 , with 𝑎1 = 𝑎2 = 2, is given by the recurrence relation

2𝑎𝑛−1 𝑎𝑛
= 𝑛3 − 𝑛
𝑎𝑛−1 𝑎𝑛+1 − 𝑎𝑛2

𝑎
For all 𝑛 = 2, 3, 4, … . Find the integer that is closest to the value of σ2011
𝑘+1
𝑘=2 𝑎
𝑘

(A) 3000
(B) 3010
(C) 3015
(D) 3025
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 3
Determine the largest even positive integer which cannot be expressed as the sum of two
composite odd positive integers.

(A) 32
(B) 34
(C) 36
(D) 38
(E) None of the above

Practice 4
The lengths of the sides of a triangle are successive terms of a geometric progression. Let
𝐴 and 𝐶 be the smallest and largest interior angles of the triangle respectively. If the
shortest side has length 16 𝑐𝑚 and

sin 𝐴 − 2 sin 𝐵 + 3 sin 𝐶 19

=
sin 𝐶 − 2 sin 𝐵 + 3 sin 𝐴 9

find the perimeter of the triangle in centimeters.

(A) 70
(B) 72
(C) 74
(D) 76
(E) None of the above

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 Group F – Lesson 7

Example 1
A circular coin 𝐴 is rolled, without sliding, along the circumference of another stationary
circular coin 𝐵 with radius twice the radius of coin 𝐴. Let 𝑥 be the number of degrees that
the coin 𝐴 makes around its centre until it first returns to its initial position. Find the value
of 𝑥.

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 Example 2
Three towns 𝑋, 𝑌 and 𝑍 lie on a plane with coordinates (0,0), (200,0) and (0,300),
respectively. There are 100, 200 and 300 students in towns 𝑋, 𝑌 and 𝑍 respectively.
A school is to be built on a grid point (𝑥, 𝑦), where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are both integers, such that the
overall distance travelled by all the students is minimized. Find the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦.

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 Example 3
Find the last non-zero digit in 30!.

(For example, 5! = 120; the last non-zero digit is 2.)

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 Example 4
The diagram below shows ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, which is isosceles with 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 and ∠𝐴 = 20°. The
point 𝐷 lies on 𝐴𝐶 such that 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶 . The segment 𝐵𝐷 is constructed as shown.
Determine ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 in degrees.

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 Practice 1
cos 4 𝛼 sin 4 𝛼 cos 4 𝛽 sin 4 𝛼𝛽
Given that + = 1, evaluate + .
cos 2 𝛽 sin 2 𝛽 cos 2 𝛼 sin 2 𝛼

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 2
The number 25 is expressed as the sum of positive integers 𝑥1, 𝑥2, … , 𝑥𝑘, where 𝑘 ≤ 25.
What is the maximum value of the product of 𝑥1, 𝑥2, 𝑥3 …, and 𝑥𝑘?

(A) 8478
(B) 8784
(C) 8858
(D) 8885
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 3
Let 𝑥0 be the largest (real) root of the equation 𝑥4 − 16𝑥 − 12 = 0. Evaluate ⌊10𝑥0⌋.

(A) 25
(B) 27
(C) 30
(D) 32
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 4
Let 𝑥𝑖 ∈ { 2− 1, 2+ 1}, where 𝑖 = 1, 2, 3, … ,2012. Define

𝑆 = 𝑥1𝑥2 + 𝑥3𝑥4 + 𝑥5𝑥6 + ⋯ + 𝑥2009𝑥2010 +𝑥2011𝑥2012.

How many different positive integer values can 𝑆 attain?

(A) 504
(B) 510
(C) 512
(D) 640
(E) None of the above

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 Group F – Lesson 8 (Final Assessment)

Problem 1

8𝑛3 −96𝑛2 +360𝑛−400

Let 𝑆 be the set of all integers 𝑛 such that is an integer.
2𝑛−7

Find the value of ෍ 𝑛

𝑛∈𝑆

(A) 50
(B) 60
(C) 70
(D) 80
(E) None of the above

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 Problem 2

Determine the largest value of 𝑥 for which

|𝑥2 − 4𝑥 − 39601| ≥ |𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 39601|.

(A) 201
(B) 202
(C) 203
(D) 204
(E) None of the above

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 Problem 3
Given that
1 1 1 1
𝑥 = 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 79993 ,
𝑥
find the value of , where 𝑦 denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑦.
100

(For example, ⌊2.1⌋ = 2, ⌊30⌋ = 30, ⌊−10.5⌋ = −11.)

(A) 1039
(B) 1159
(C) 1269
(D) 1299
(E) None of the above

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 Problem 4

6𝑛
Determine the smallest positive integer 𝐶 such that ≤𝐶 for all positive integers 𝑛.
𝑛!

(A) 65
(B) 69
(C) 72
(D) 75
(E) None of the above

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 Problem 5
Let 𝐶𝐷 be a chord of a circle T1 and 𝐴𝐵 a diameter of T1 perpendicular to 𝐶𝐷 at 𝑁 with
𝐴𝑁 > 𝑁𝐵. A circle T2 centred at 𝐶 with radius 𝐶𝑁 intersects T1 at points 𝑃 and 𝑄, and the
segments 𝑃𝑄 and 𝐶𝐷 intersect at 𝑀. Given that the radii of T1 and T2 are 61 and 60
respectively, find the length of 𝐴𝑀.

(A) 72
(B) 75
(C) 78
(D) 81
(E) None of the above

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 Problem 6
50
Determine the minimum value of σ 𝑥𝑘, where the summation is done over all possible
𝑘=1
50
1
positive numbers 𝑥1, . . . , 𝑥50 satisfying σ = 1.
𝑥𝑘
𝑘 =1

(A) 2500
(B) 2550
(C) 2700
(D) 3050
(E) None of the above

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