CAE - essay

Paper 2 Part 1 - Essay

The Part 1 question will be an essay on a given topic. A set of notes on the topic will be provided,
and will include three bullet points. Candidates will be asked to select two of the bullet points
and to base their essay on those two points. They should not attempt to discuss more than two of
the points, as this will lead to the essay being less developed than required. Candidates will also be
asked to explain which of the two points is more important in a given respect, and to give reasons for
their opinion.
Candidates will be given three short opinions related to the bullet points. They may, if they wish, use
these to help develop their essay, but they should do so in their own words, as far as possible.

AN ESSAY is usually written for an academic tutor and may be a follow-up to an activity, such as
attending a panel discussion or watching a documentary. It should be well organised, with
an introduction, clear development, and an appropriate conclusion. The main purpose of an
essay in the Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) Writing paper is to underline relevant salient
issues on a topic, and to support an argument with subsidiary points and reasons.

Hints
 [PLANNING]
- Use the task input to help you plan but try to avoid copying phrases from the input in Part
1. Use your own words.
 [INTRODUCTION and CONCLUSION] 
- Effective introductory and concluding paragraphs. In the introduction, state the topic
clearly, give a brief outline of the issue, saying why it is important or why people have
different opinions about it. 
- DO NOT express you opinion at the beginning of your essay (develop you essay in such
a way that it guides the reader to the conclusion you draw). 
- DO give your opinion in the final paragraph.
 [SECOND and THIRD PARAGRAPHS] 
- Structure your argument. Each new paragraph has one main idea, stated in a topic
sentence.
- Include relevant details to support the main idea: these might include examples, rhetorical
questions (do no overdo it), controversial or surprising statements... If you include a
drawback, give a possible solution, too.
 [GENERAL] 
- DO use a relatively formal register and an objective tone. Do not be too emotional. 
- Remember to use linking adverbials to organise your ideas and to make it easy for the
reader to follow your argument.
- In the exam, allow yourself time to check your grammar, spelling and punctuation
thoroughly.
Model questions and answers
Essay 1 - Model question
TASK

Your class has attended a panel discussion on what methods governments should use to
discourage the use of private cars in the centre of the city. You have made the notes below.

Methods governments coud use to discourage the use of private cars in the city centre
• investment
• education ✔
• taxes ✔
Some opinions expressed in the discussion
'Make businesses pay parking levies for their employees and they'll move out of the city centre.' 
'Improve the public transport system, then people won't need their cars.'
'If people understood how much better pedestrianisedciytcentres are, they wouldn't want to bring
their cars in.'
Write an essay for your tutor, discussing two of the methods in your notes. You should explain
which method you think is more important for governments to consider, giving reasons to
support your opinion.

You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the discussion but you should use your
own words as far as possible. Write your essay in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Essay 1 - Model answer

Too much traffic is a major headache for everyone in the city due to the noise, pollution and, of
course, terrible delays during the rush hour. How can the government reduce traffic and dissuade
people from driving their cars into the centre every day? In this essay, I will discuss two possible
approaches to this pressing yet complex issue.

The first option to consider is an education campaign which could comprise of visual and radio
advertising, presentations to businesses and special designated days such as 'Wall to Work day'.
Compared to the high cost of significantly upgrading our public transport system, advertising is
relatively low-cost and straightforward to implement. On the other hand, it is difficult to gauge the
effectiveness of such campaign in advance because it relies on individuals changing their ingrained
habits.
A second alternative would be to levy a tax on parking in the city. This could be applied both to
businesses and directly to consumers. While it is true that this would have immediate gains in
revenue and change behaviour, taxes are unpopular and could also place unfair pressure on small
businesses and individuals who do not have other transport options for work.

In my view, a multi-faceted education campaign would be the most effective starting point. In the
future, a tax could be a possible option but it would be tolerated better once citizens are educated
about the benefits of fewer cars and a more pedestrianised centre.

[+/- 240 words]

Essay 2 - Model question

TASK

Your class has attended a panel discussion on the action governments can take to promote health
and fitness among young people. You have made the notes below.

Action to promote health and fitness among young people

• improve teaching in schools.
• improves attitudes to competitiveness.
• improve the image of sports.
Some opinions expressed during the discussion
'There need to be specialist sports teachers for children and students of all ages.'
'Some young people are put off by the pressure to compete.'
'A lot of young people don't think it's cool to take part in sports.'
Write an essay for your tutor, discussing two of the actions in your notes. You should explain which
action you think is more important, giving reasons to support your opinion.

You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed during the discussion but you should use
your own words as far as possible.

Write your essay in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Essay 2 - Model answer

We often hear about the many benefits of health and fitness. However, less often do we hear
concrete suggestions for how to improve participation rates, particularly among young people. In this
essay I will discuss two possible actions that governments could focus on in order to promote health
and fitness to youth today.
The first possible action is to improve physical education teaching in schools. Local students have at
times complained that the curriculum is rigid and emphasises repetitive activities instead of team
sports and enjoyment. Better role models and more adventurous options could lead to improved
attitude and participation. Naturally, employing specialist sports teachers would incur considerable
cost.

A second option would be to attempt to change the overly competitive attitudes that seem ingrained
in many of the sports competitions for youngsters. When adults such as parents and teachers focus
on winning above having a good time, it puts undue pressure on the participants. They may feel a
sense of failure if they lose and also be less inclined to try a new sport.

To sum up, either approach would be a step in the right direction. In my view, it would be wise to
prioritise dealing with reducing competitiveness first because I believe it would help young people
feel better about the sports they already do. They could then, in turn, influence their friends to join in.

[+/- 220 words]

Essay 3 - Model question

TASK

Your class has attended a lecture on the action governments can take to make sure cultural heritage
is preserved for future generations. You have made the notes below.

Priorities for governments aiming to preserve cultural heritage

• increase funding for museums.
• protect old buildings.
• teach the importance of cultural heritage in schools.
Some opinions expressed in the discussion
'Cultural heritage isn't just about buildings - it's about a way of life.'
'It's the responsibility of the older generation to pass on a cultural heritage to the next generation.'
'Museums are the best places to keep shared memories of a community.'
Write an essay for your tutor, discussing two of the priorities in your notes. You should explain
which priority you think is more important, giving reasons to support your opinion.

You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the discussion but you should use your
own words as far as possible.

Write your essay in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Essay 3 - Model answer
Cultural heritage is an invaluable asset for all generations to enjoy. It is about knowing where we
have come from and having pride in the place we live. In this essay I will discuss two priorities for the
government's support of the cultural heritage in our community.

The first idea is to increase funding to museums. People say that museums are the heart of cultural
heritage preservation. Not only do they display objects, they also teach and provide information
about them. Increased funding could attract better care of objects, more specialised staff and more
fun displays, in turn attracting more people to visit and learn. On the other hand, I would argue that
it's unreasonable to expect governments to give more money to museums when they have got more
important things to spend people's taxes on.

The second idea is to protect old buildings. It has become clear in recent years that governments
can no longer afford to provide generous grants to help people maintain their historically significant
houses. I am sure there are many voluntary organisations which would be prepared to work on
conservation projects. Nevertheless, the government could provide protection to ensure that old
buildings are not demolished or transformed out of character.

In my view, the most pressing priority is to provide protective legislation for old homes and buildings.
I'm not alone in my concern about the loss of historical features which take such pride of place in
and give character to our communities.

[+/- 240 words]

Essay 4 - Model question

TASK

Your class has been involved in a discussion on whether a dress code should be introduced at the
college where you are studying. You have made the notes below.

Advantages of proposed dress code

• image of college.
• health and safety.
• discipline.
Some opinions expressed in the discussion:
'Wearing more formal clothes will prepare students for the workplace.'
'College isn't work or school, so students should be free to wear what they want.'
'Students are turning up to college in inappropriate clothes more frequently, so it's time for a dress
code.'
Write an essay for your tutor, discussing two of the advantages in your notes. You should explain
which of the advantages you think would be most important for the college to consider in
deciding whether to introduce a dress code, giving reasons to support your opinion.

You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed during the discussion but you should use
your own words as far as possible.

Write your essay in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Essay 4 - Model answer

Introducing a dress code

We often hear that it is important for young people to be able to express themselves by what they
wear. At our college, our lack of clothing guidelines has led some students to dress in a way that
compromises both safety and our reputation in the community. Items of concern include ripped
clothing, hoods that obscure the face, offensive T-shirts and very high platform heels. In this essay, I
will discuss two advantages of introducing a dress code at our college.

The image that we present to the community is important for a number of reasons, but primarily
because overly casual dress makes it more difficult to place students in homestays and on work
experience. Recently, this problem seems to have escalated as we have received some phone
complaints about students' scruffy appearance. Additionally, it has come to my attention that a few
students have worn T-shirts with slogans that could be considered xenophobic. It seems obvious
that implementing a dress code will improve the college's image.

With regard to health and safety, three students have fallen down the stairs during the last month.
One of them, who had been wearing a pair of stiletto heels at the time, unfortunately broke her leg. I
have grave concerns that without a dress code outlining suitable footwear choices, further accidents
may be inevitable.

In my view, keeping people safe at our school is our responsibility. Consequently, this is the most
pressing reason why it is time to introduce a dress code, even if it is initially unpopular with the
student body.

[+/- 255 words]

Essay 5 - Model question
TASK

You have attended a Science Club lecture on how schools could encourage young people to train
for careers in science. You have made the notes below.

Ways in which schools could encourage young people to train for careers in science
• enjoyable science lessons.
• careers advice.
• guest lectures from professional scientists.
Some opinions expressed in the discussion:
'Kids should be able to design their own experiments.'
'A lot of the careers advice given is already out of date.'
'A lot of the scientists are too busy to spend time visiting schools.'
Write an essay for your tutor, discussing two of the methods in your notes. You should explain
which method you think is more important for governments to consider, giving reasons to
support your opinion.

You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed during the discussion but you should use
your own words as far as possible.

Write your essay in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Essay 5 - Model answer

Ways to encourage young people to train for careers in science

Nowadays we frequently hear about the lack of students pursuing scientific careers. How can we
demostrate to the younger generation that science is a rewarding and satisfying field? In this essay I
will discuss two methods that schools could employ to help persuade teenagers to consider further
study in this area.

One possible approach would be to ensure that career advisors are on board by providing them with
materials, training and even incentives for promoting science. While this would be fairly easy to
implement superficially, a lot of information dates extremely quickly. In addition, generally speaking,
career advisors have little background themselves in physics, chemistry and biology and therefore
may not be able to drum up genuine enthusiasm.

A second tactic that schools might take would be to invite scientists to come to their school to talk
about their work. What migh prove difficult would be to secure the scientists themselves, as they are
often extremely busy. It would also be crucial to enlist experts able to relate to adolescents or they
might actually have an adverse effect.

Overall, I would say that the most effective measure would be to have guest speakers. Hearing an
exciting story from the field is much more likely to influence career choice than some second-hand
advice.
CAE - informal letter/email
Paper 2 Part 2 - Informal letter/email
A LETTER/AN EMAIL (formal or informal) is written in response to the situation outlined in the task.
Letters/emails in the Cambridge English: Advanced Writing paper will require a response which
is consistently appropriate for the specified target reader.

When a response is framed as an email, letter-writing conventions such as an opening salutation,

clear paragraphing and closing phrasing are always important.

Hints
 DO begin by giving a reason to write. You would normally start with a greeting,
then acknowledge the letter or some key information given in the letter to which you are
replying.
 Use paragraphs in which you cover each of the points mentioned in the task input.
 As well as the points mentioned in the task input, think of some of your own ideas.
 Identify the function(s) you should use (e.g. advising, reminding, requesting, suggesting...).
 Make sure the points covered follow a logical right order so that the whole letter/email
is coherent.
 Finish the letter/email in a natural way, by arranging to see or contact the person your are
writing to again soon.
 Remember to use an informal tone.

Model questions and answers

Informal letter/Email - Model question
TASK

Read part of an email from a friend who is planning to come and live in your country.

Of course, I'd really need to learn the language. I know you've been learning English for years, so
you've had loads of experience. Are there any tricks of the trade that might help me pick up your
language a bit more quickly?
Reply to the email message offering your friend some advice. Write your email in 220-260 words in
an appropriate style.

Informal letter/Email - Model answer

Dear Emma,

Thanks so much for your email. It was so good to hear from you. I'm really sorry not to have been in
touch earlier but I've been up to my eyes preparing for my exams.

What great news that you're finally coming to France - I can't wait to catch up in person! And you're
going to learn French too - fantastic!

I've been learning English since I was a kid as you know, and by far the most useful experience was
going to that language school in Brighton for three months last summer. If I were you, I'd definitely
enroll in a course like that to keep you focused. I'd also suggest reading as widely as possible, online
newspapers, blogs, books, the back of a cereal packet - anything, really! Don't be tempted to buy
one of those 'Learn French in a weekend' courses though - a waste of time if you ask me. Learning a
language takes time and effort.

What seems to work for a lot of peope is learning songs. My brother reckons that he has learnt more
English from the Top 40 than he has at school. And you know my friend Lucie? She raved about her
fortnight with a host family, so that's worth a try too. Of course, you could also get a French boyfriend
or girlfriend to speed up your progress!

Anyway, I hope that's helped give you a few ideas. Do write back as soon as you can - I'd love to
hear all the details of your plans.

Lots of love,

Sandrine

[+/- 255 words]

CAE - proposal
Paper 2 Part 2 - Proposal
PROPOSALS and reports have a similar layout (see reports in this same section). Reports are
based on current circumstances or situations whereas proposals are action plans for the
future. You give more space to the current situation in a report and more space to
recommendations for future actions in a proposal.

Hints
First things first...

1. Begin by brainstorming ideas, in any order, and don't worry about language at this stage.
2. Group your ideas under headings for each section of your proposal.
3. Write a first draft, paying attention to the level of formality of the language.

Don't forget!

 Begin by stating the purpose of your proposal.

 Use an impersonal, semi-formal style.
 Use clear layout with headings.
 Express opinions and make recommendations in the last section of your proposal.
 Include a final sentence summarising your opinion.
 Use bullet points but not too many.

Useful language for a proposal

Stating the purpose of the proposal

 The principal aims/objectives of this proposal are to...

 This proposal is intended to...
 In this proposal I describe/evaluate/present/assess...

Background information

 Comments made at the end of the questionnaires suggest...

 Following a survey among families of young children...
  Concerned members of the local community were invited to attend...
 A number of concerns with regard to the most recent street party were expressed
by locals...

Making recommendations and suggestions

 A working group should be set up by...

 There should be an enquiry into...
 I recommend that a larger survey should be conducted before a final decision is reached...

Final recommendations

 The results of the survey/questionnaire suggest that the introduction of heavier

fines would seem to be the best option/choice/solution.
 If these recommendations are implemented, the situation is bound to improve.
 Unless these suggestions are implemented, it is unlikely that there will be any
improvement in the short term.

Model questions and answers

Proposal- Model question 1
TASK

Your college currently doesn't provide enough support for students planning to spend time studying
in another country. You see this notice in the library.

The college is planning to introduce a special course for students planning to spend time studying in
another country. The college principal invites students to send a proposal outlining any problems
students may face when studying abroad and suggesting ways in which the course could address
these problems. A decision can then be made about what to include on the course.

Write your proposal in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Proposal- Model answer 1

Introduction

This proposal is intended to outline common issues students have when studying abroad, and
suggest ways that a course could help them to deal with these. The final section makes
recommendations about what should be included in the course curriculum.
Problems when studying abroad

Interviews were conducted with 20 students who have recently completed a student exchange
programme. The majority of students were of the opinion that overcoming the language barrier in
their new country was the biggest challenge and nearly half also said that they experienced culture
shock. Other problems cited included unrealistic expectations, loneliness and packing the wrong
things - particularly being unprepared for a different climate.

Ways a course could address these

A course could prepare students for culture shock by raising awareness of the phenomenon and
describing cultural differences that students may encounter in their host country. To aid participants
with language, a course could include some useful phrases for the first days after arrival, in addition
to some resources for language learning. The course could also include a discussion about
combating isolation and adjusting expectations.

Recommendations

I would like to make the following recommendations:

 Invite students who have previously studied abroad to share aspects of the culture
they found surprising and give advice on what to take.
 Provide a list of useful phrases, together with suggestions of useful resources for
language learning such as websites, blogs or e-books.
 Facilitate a discussion about engaging with people to avoid loneliness and isolation.

If these recommendations are implemented, young people are bound to feel more prepared for their
experience.

[+/- 265 words]

Proposal- Model question 2

TASK

Students at your college have to give a spoken presentation as part of their final assessment and
need some help. The school director has invited you to send a proposal outlining any problems
students have with presentations and suggesting how these problems could be overcome.
Write your proposal in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Proposal- Model answer 2

Helping with students presentations: a proposal
Introduction

In this proposal I will describe some of the difficulties students at this school have with preparing
their final presentations, present the key needs to be addressed and conclude by making by making
a series of recommendations on how teachers at the school could assist students with overcoming
the obstacles to giving a successful presentation confidently.

Current situation

Following discussion among the students, it has become clear that many of them are feeling very
nervous about the upcoming presentations. A number of students are struggling to select an
appropriate structure. Comments made suggest that students lack previous experience in public
speaking and would like opportunities to practise before the final assessment.

Key needs to be addressed

Students require additional help with topic selection and presentation structure, and opportunities
need to be provided for students to gain experience in front of others.

Recommendations

I would suggest the following actions to teachers at the school:

 Provide students with a list of possible presentation topics.

 There should be a lesson or workshop on structuring a presentation for those who are
interested.
 I recommend that students are given time during class to practise their presentations
in small groups.
 Additional upfront speaking opportunities should be incorporated into classes including
plays and games.

If these suggestions are implemented, it will lead to increased student confidence and performance
for the final presentations.
[+/- 225 words]

CAE - report
Paper 2 Part 2 - Report
A REPORT may be written for a superior (e.g. a boss or college principal) or a peer group (e.g. club
members or colleagues). The content of a report is to some extent factual and draws on the prompt
material, but there will be scope for candidates to make use of their own ideas and experience.
Candidates will be asked to do more than describe a situation; they may be asked to evaluate to
what extent a particular aim has been achieved, or to suggest an alternative course of action.

Hints
 Begin by stating the purpose of your report.
 You may use invented statistics to provide a succinct summary of your results.
 Use a clear layout with:

 Headings. They will make it clear that your report is not an essay or review.
 Lists of numbered points or bullets where appropriate. (DON'T overdo it, though. If
you use them in more than one section, you won't be able to show the full range of
structures and vocabulary you know.)
 Divide your report into sections according to the input.
 Develop the ideas in the task input.
 Include a sentence summarising your opinion at the beginning of the final section of your
report.
 Use an impersonal, formal style.

Useful language for a report

Stating the purpose of the report

 The principal aim/objective/purpose of this report is to provide a description of... / to

provide/to present results of /to assess the importance of ...
 In this report I will provide a description of ... / I will provide/present results of .../ I will assess
the importance of...
 This report describes/provides an assessment of... / describes/provides/presents results of...

Describing how you got the information

 I conducted a survey of / I conducted interviews with local council officers ...

  ... responded to an online questionnaire.
 I visited three of the most popular ...
 ... were invited to attend a focus group...

Reporting your results

 Most of those responding to the survey stated that/expressed the opinion that ...
 According to ...
 A large/considerable/significant/ proportion of respondents/informants/those surveyed said
that ...
 Nearly three quarters of the ...

Presenting a list

 The arguments against ... are the following:

1. ...
2. ...
 The following were the main reasons given for supporting ...: firstly, ..., secondly, ...
 Points our informants mentioned in favour of/against ... were:
1. ...
2. ...
 There are several ways in which ... might be ... :
1. ...
2. ...

Making recommendations

 Taking all the factors mentioned into account/In the light of the results of the
survery/questionnaire, ... would appear to be the most viable solution/option/approach.
 I would therefore recommend ....
 Clearly, more could be done to .... I would make the following recommendations:

 ...
 ...
 ...

Model questions and answers

Report - Model question 1
TASK

An international development agency has been looking into attitudes to aging around the world. The
research director has asked you to conduct a survey and write a report. Your report should discuss
how young people where you live feel about older people in the community and the prospect of
growing older themselves. You have also been asked to make recommendations about how
attitudes could be changed.

Write your report in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Report - Model answer 1

Introduction

The main objectives of this report are to describe how young people in Gava feel about elderly
people in their area and aging themselves. I will present results of a survey I conducted with a
random selection of 200 young people at a local high school and in the final section I will include
recommendations as to how attitudes could be improved.

Attitudes to older people

According to my survey, a significant proportion of young people never or hardly never spend time
with someone aged 65. Reasons that respondents gave for this included: they have nothing in
common, the elderly don't like teenagers and lack of time. More promisingly, nearly three quarters of
those surveyed (74 percent) agreed that they could probably 'learn something' from older people.

Attitudes to aging

Those responding to the survey were almost equally split between preferring to think about it as little
as possible and those who never thought about it. For those who did think about it, the prime
concerns were loneliness, poor health and boredom.

Recommendations

Clearly more could be done to bridge the gap between young and old in our community. I would
make the following recommendations:

 Set up volunteer tutoring opportunities for elderly citizens to help younger people at
the high school with academic work or practical skills.
 Invite young people to tutor old people in technology use, e.g. how to text/send emails
in return for a donation to be used for social events.

Hopefully, increased contact between the groups will lead to greater understanding and more
positive attitudes.
[+/- 260 words]

Report - Model question 2

TASK

An international market research company has asked you to write a report on advertising in your
country. The company that has commisioned this report wants to know about the most common
approaches used and how consumers respond to them. You are also asked to suggest changes to
current approaches or alternative approaches which you believe would be more effective.

Write your report in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Report - Model answer 2

Introduction

In this report I will provide a description of common types of advertising in Australia and present
results of consumer responses to these. The final section makes recommendations for possible
changes to increase the effectiveness of campaigns.

Common approaches

Television and radio continue to play an important part in advertising campaigns and celebrity
endorsements often feature prominently. Print media, including billboards, posters and flyers, are
also ubiquitous, especially in large cities. Some companies target consumers by giving away
samples in public places and supermarkets, aggressive telemarketing or door-to-door sales. Many
companies use social media strategies such as online competitions or special offers for 'likers'.

Consumer responses

I conducted an online survey with 200 Australian contacts. An overwhelming majority cited that they
found telemarketing and door-to-door sales people intrusive, annoying and rude. Nevertheless, over
half admitted to buying something from someone through one of these channels. People generally
said that they liked advertising when it was suited to their interests or used humour. A number of
respondents mentioned that they 'loved free stuff' and would tell others about something they had
been given.

Recommendations

In light of the results above, I recommend the following:

 Make sure telemarketers and door-to-door salespeople have adequate customer

service training.
 Target young people such as university students for giveaways as this will likely result
in positive word-of-mouth advertising and online reviews.

[+/- 230 words]

Report - Model question 3

TASK

Your local council is conducting an enquiry into the volume of visitors to the centre of your town or
city with a view to encouraging more people to make greater use of shops, restaurants, cafés and
entertainment facilities there. You agree to write a report describing the existing situation, including
factors which discourage people from coming to the city centre and recommending ways of
attracting more visitors.

Write your report in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Report - Model answer 3

Introduction

The principal aims of this report are to provide an overview of the volume of visitors using services in
our city centre and to identify factors which deter people from using them. The final section makes
recommendations as to how the situation could be improved.

Current situation

I conducted interviews with a random selection of shoppers and customers in local restaurants and
cafés. Fewer than half regularly visited the city centre. Among those who did make frequent use of
what is on offer, most cited the pedestrianised Mitchell Mall as their favority area. Smaller numbers
enjoyed shopping or dining around Holmes Square, though several people said they found the traffic
noise disagreeable.

Factors preventing greater use of city centre services

There was a clear division between those who regularly visited the city centre and those who so
infrequently. The latter cited traffic congestion and pollution along with inflated prices for goods as
factors that acted as a deterrent. For those who frequently came into town, on the other hand, the
pedestrianised area and the outdoor café were a major attraction.

Recommendations

Clearly more could be done to attract people to our city centre. I would make the following
recommendations:

 extend the pedestrianised area to include the streets surrounding Holmes Square so
as to capitalise on what is already an attractive area.
 encourage shops, cafés and restaurants to offer discounts to regular customers.
 maintain access to the pedestrianised areas for cyclists.

This final recommendation will encourage those who currently cyle into town to continue to do so,
while reducing noise and pollution from motor traffic.

[+/- 270 words]

CAE - review
Paper 2 Part 2 - Review
A REVIEW may be about a book, magazine, film, play or concert; it may also be about a product or
a service. A review in the Cambridge English: Advanced Writing paper does not merely ask for a
general description of the thing reviewed, but requires an evaluation of its suitability for a particular
purpose or audience. The target reader is specified in the task, and candidates should be
encouraged to use this information when choosing appropriate ideas and language to include in their
response.

Hints
 A title is advisable.
 Think what your are trying to achieve and, in the introduction, DO give your reader and
indication of the structure of your review. You should also raise a question in your
reader's mind.
 Start a new paragraph for every item/aspect you are addressing in your review.
 Try to make it interesting by using a wide range of vocabulary: colourful, lively language;
comparisons to describe something; specialised topic vocabulary.
 DO give your assessment of what you are reviewing and DO NOT forget to cover all the
points mentioned in the task input.
 DO include a final recommendation or evaluation in the final paragraph.

Don't forget!

 The target reader is specified in the question, so the candidate knows not only what register
is appropriate, but also has an idea about the kind of information to include.
 Language of opinion (positive, negative), recommendation, description is necessary.

Useful language for a review

What I liked

 What I liked most was …..

  The thing I liked most was ….
 I was pleasantly surprised by …..
 ….. would appeal to …..
 If you get a chance to ….

What I disliked

 What I disliked most was …..

 I was disappointed by/with ……

Reviews of books

 main character
 is set in
 Fiction: science fiction / thriller / fantasy / mystery / historical / romance ...
 Non-fiction: cook book / travel book / textbook / manual / coffee-table book ...
 atmosphere / plot
 author
 written by
 chapter
 factual
 unbelievable
 bestseller
 ending

Reviews of concerts

 artist / band / musician / (bass/lead/rhythm) guitarist / (backing/lead) singer / drummer /

soloist / trio / orchestra
 auditorium / hall / venue / lyrics / (catchy) tune / score / gig

Reviews of exhibitions

 painting / sculpture / handicrafts

 gallery / catalogue / display

Reviews of films

 lead role
 star role
 star
 star actor/actress
 starring
 secondary role
 He plays a …….
 written by ….
 cast / director / producer
 is set in …..
 based on a true story …..
 believable
  true to life
 not very believable
 far-fetched
 (As for fiction books +): animation / adaptation / comedy
 Costumes / design / photography / script / special effects / soundtrack
 ending

Reviews of plays

 scene / act / set / stage / interval

Reviews of TV programmes

 Chat shows / current affairs programme / debate / documentary / series / soap opera/ sitcom
(situation comedy)
 Host / presenter

Reviews of hotels, restaurants, etc

 location
 service
 setting
 attractive / disappointing setting
 owned by
 run by
 head chef (restaurant)
 waiters (restaurant)
 staff …….
 staff at reception …….(hotel)
 hotel facilities ….
 reasonable prices …..
 good/excellent/poor value for money …..
 (a bit/somehow) expensive
 overpriced
 not worth the money
 always fully booked
 book in advance

Criticism

 The script seemed rather conventional/predictable to me.

 The plot struck me as completely bizarre/absurd/incomprehensible
 The characters are appealing and true to life
 The dancers were quite brilliant/amateurish

Recommendations

 I would strongly encourage you not to miss/not to waste your money on...
 I would definitely recommend seeing/visiting/reading/having a look at ...
Model questions and answers
Review - Model question 1
TASK

You see this announcement in an international magazine called Cinefilia.

The most UPLIFTING and the biggest DOWNER.

It's sometimes hard to choose a film that fits your mood purely on the basis of the poster or the
description on the cover of the DVD. That's why we want to publish reviews of the most uplifting and
the most depressing films our readers have seen, so that others know what to watch and what to
avoid.
Send in a review which describes the most uplifting film you've ever seen and the one you found the
biggest downer. Make sure you give reasons for your choices.

Write your review in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Review - Model answer 1

In this review I am going to compare two contrasting tales about overcoming adversity.
Whereas The Blind Side (2009) left me with a huge grin on my face, sadly, Doctor Zhivago (1965)
left me feeling the weight of the world on my shoulders.

Doctor Zhivago, directed by five-time Oscar winner David Lean, is set in the Bolshevik revolution and
follows the title character, who must adapt to the new order while pining for Lara, the beautiful wife of
a political campaigner. The director succeeded in creating a film that is thoroughly engaging but full
of gritty realism, cruelty and tragic irony. Take the tissues!
The Blind Side, which is based on a true story, is also a bit of a tearjerker, in a completely different
way. Starring Sandra Bullock, who won an Academy Award for her portrayal of a rich white mother in
Tennessee who takes a homeless black teenager under her roof. Understandably, the gentle giant
thinks he isn't good at anything but his new mother sees his potential to become a football star and
part of the family. The plot is based on a true story, making it all the more touching.

I would strongly recommend The Blind Side. It will appeal to a range of people and is a great choice
for a movie night. Although Doctor Zhivago is a classic, I think it has more of a niche audience and is
best saved for when you want a dose of gloom!

[+/- 245 words]

Review - Model question 2

TASK

You see the following advertisement in a music magazine.

Ever fancied yourself as a music journalist? Now's your chance.

We're looking for enthusiastic music lovers to write a review of their favourite album of all time. We
want to know why you love it and why you think everyone should listen to it. It doesn't matter who
the artist is or how old or new the music is.
Send in a review of your favourite album of all time giving reasons for your choice.

Write your review in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Review - Model answer 2

A thrilling album

I'm certainly not alone in my choice of favourite album. In fact, Michael Jackson's "Thriller" has sold
over 50 million copies worldwide since being released in 1982, and still currently holds the much
coveted title of "best-selling album of all time". A toe-tapping blend of pop, funk and R&B, it's sure to
get everyone grooving at a party, yet also contains unexpected emotional power in the lyrics.

Jam-packed full of catchy melodies such as the opening "Wanna be startin' something" and the
famous "Beat it", almost every song makes you want to hum along. It's like a feast for the ears, with
a range of styles from the soft duet ballad with Paul McCartney "The Girl is Mine" to the rock/pop of
the title track. The album will leave you with no doubt of the unique and extraordinary talent of the
King of Pop. What disco would be complete without a few of his renowned numbers?

Unlike much of today's mordern pop, this album actually deals with a huge number of deep themes
such as jelousy, loneliness and obsession. The song "Billie Jean", for example, chronicles a story of
a crazed fan who insists that she has his baby. Not hard to imagine that the artist was channelling
some real experiences in his writing.

It doesn't surprise me at all that this remains the best-selling album of all time and I challenge evern
the most cynical listener to play "Thriller" without tapping along.

Writing - useful words and phrases -

FCE
Candidates are expected to be able to write non-specialised text types such as an article, an essay,
a letter, an email, a report or a review. Here you can find some useful words and phrases for each of
these text types.

Informal letter
Dear (first name),
Dear (first name), or Hi (first name) (for informal e-mails)

Beginnings

Thank you/Many thanks for your (recent/last) letter/postcard.

It was good/nice to hear from you recently.
I’m sorry I haven’t written/been in touch for such a long time.
It’s ages since I’ve heard from you. I hope you’re/you and your family are well.

Asking

Hi! / How are the things? / How are you? / How’s it going?

Referring to their news

Great news about … Glad to hear that … Sorry to hear about …

Giving news

Listen, did I tell you about …? You’ll never believe what …

Oh, and another thing … This is just to let you know that …
I thought you might be interested to hear about/know that …
By the way, have you heard about/did you know that …

Apologies

I’m writing to apologise for missing your party but I’m afraid I was with flu.
I’m really sorry that I forgot to send you a birthday card but I was busy with my new job.
If you let me know where you bought it/how much it cost I’ll gladly pay for it/replace it.

Please let me know how much the bill is and I’ll gladly pay it.

Invitations

I’m/We’re having a party on Friday 19th and I/we hope you’ll be able to come.
Would you like to come/go to see ‘Room With a View’ with me at the weekend.
I was wondering if you’d like to go to the theatre/come on holiday with us?
Could you let me/us know if you can come/you’d like to join us?
Thank you vary much for your invitation. I’d love to come.
Thank you for asking/inviting me to … but I’m afraid I won’t be able to …

Requests

I’m writing to ask for your help/you (if you could do me) a favour.
I wonder if/I was wondering if you could help me/do me a favour.
I hope you don’t mind me asking but could you (possibly) …?
I’d be very/really/terribly grateful if you could …

Thank you / Congratulations / Good Luck

I’m writing to thank you for your hospitality/the wonderful present.

It was so kind of you to invite me to stay with you.
I really appreciated all your help/advice.

Congratulations on passing your exams/your excellent exam results!

I wish you good luck/Good luck in/with your exams/your driving test/your interview.
Don’t worry, I’m sure you’ll do well/pass.

Making suggestions and recommend

 Why don’t you …? Maybe you could …? How about …?
You can’t leave New York without doing sth
I’m sure you will enjoy doing sth If you like, we can …
Do visit (somewhere). Don’t forget to (do sth) (Imperative -> Strong Recommendation)
I’m told that … People say that … (If you heard sth is good)

Endings

Give my love/regards to … Say hello to … Hope to hear from you soon.

See you soon! Write soon. Once again, thank you for all your help.

Signing off

Love,
Lots of love,
All the best,
Best wishes,

 +First name

Remember that in informal letters we use:

 Informal vocabulary, including phrasal verbs

‘go on’ instead of ‘continue

 Simpler sentence structure

I’ll be late for the party. It’s because of my French exam.

 Punctuation using exclamation marks (don't overuse it)

If you’d been at the wedding, you’d have loved the food!

 Contractions

I've just heard you've been to...

Formal letter
Dear Mr/Ms (surname)  -  Dear Sir/Madam  -  Dear Sir or Madam,

Reason for writing

 I am writing to …
I am writing with regard to …
I am writing on behalf of …

Asking questions

I would be grateful if …
I wonder if you could …
Could you …? Could you tell me something about …?
I would particularly like to know …
I would be interested in having more details about …

Referring to their letter

As you stated in your letter, …

Regarding … Concerning … With regard to …

Complaining

I am writing to complain about …

You said … but in fact what happened …
We were supposed to stay with British families whereas we actually stayed in a guest house.

Closing

If you require any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Please contact me if you have any further questions.

Signing off

Yours sincerely, (If you started with 'Dear + surname') or Yours faithfully, (If you started with 'Dear
Sir/Madam') 

    First name + surname

Remember that in formal letters we use

 Formal vocabulary, usually not using phrasal verbs

‘Tolerate’ instead of ‘put up with’

 More complex sentence structure

Knowing what a good reputation the restaurant has, I was disappointed with the service.
 Punctuation using semi-colons

The library offers no facilities for borrowing videos; this is because of the high cost involved.

Letter of application
Dear Mr/Ms (surname), Dear Sir/Madam/Sir or Madam,

Reason for writing

I am writing to apply for the post/position of … as advertised in …

I am writing with reference/in response to your advertisement, which I saw …
I am writing in connection with your advertisement in the Daily Star on May 11th …
With reference to your advertisement …

Experience / Qualifications / CV

I gained some experience while …

I am currently working as …
I have been working for … for the last four years.
I worked part-time for three years as …
At the moment I am employed by …
My qualifications include …
I have a diploma in …
I graduated from Barcelona University last year with a degree in …
Please find attached my CV
As you can see from the attached CV …

Endings

Please do not hesitate to contact me if/should you require further information.

I look forward to hearing from you.
I am available for interview at your convenience.
I shall be available for interview any day apart from Wednesdays.

Signing off

(If Dear + surname) Yours sincerely,

(If Dear Sir/Madam) Yours faithfully,

  First name + surname

Report
Introduction

The aim/purpose of this report is to consider/suggest/...

This report is intended to...
I summarise below / Below is a summary of the most important relevant points as well as some
recommendations.

Reporting results

Most people seem to feel that...

Several people said/told me/suggested/thought that…

Making recommendations

I would therefore recommend that we expand the library/installing a new coffee machine...
It would seem that banning mobile phones is the best idea.
Having considered the options, …
I would like to suggest/recommend …
I therefore suggest/recommend …
You may wish to consider …

Article
Heading / Title

Freezing! (dramatic)
My Lone Walk to the North Pole (a summary)
What’s the big idea? (a question)
You’re already well equipped to prevent crime (surprising)

Opening

Did you know …?

What would you do if …?

General Structure

 Give your article a heading or headline which makes the subject clear and also catches the
reader’s attention.
  Divide the article into paragraphs to help the reader follow the argument.
 Begin with an interesting introduction – an example, perhaps, or a question.
 End with an overall comment or concluding.

Essay
Making points

Many people feel that ...

First and foremost, ...
It is widely believed that ...
It would be ideal if ...
Another argument in favour is ...
It is clear from the facts that ...
The benefits of ... outweigh the disadvantages.
On the whole, I think ...

Contrasting points

On the other hand ...

Other people think ...
An opposing argument is ...
Giving opinions
I personally feel that ...
I find it hard to see why ...
I certainly don't believe that ...
It is difficult to believe that ...
I object to the cloning of animals.

Organising and linking your ideas

First of all, … Secondly, … In addition, …

Moreover, … Furthermore, …
So … As a result, … Therefore, …
However, … On the one hand…/On the other hand …
On the whole … While it is true to say …
Finally, … To summarise, … In conclusion

 
DOs and DONTs
DOs:

 Before you start writing... read others. Make use of every text that you find interesting,
note out words and expressions that you like or find useful. Even if you know them. Words
and expressions have a mysterious tendency to slip your mind the moment you need them
most. Sometimes it is good to copy the whole sentence in which an expression you know
from different context appears.
 Have a list of your favourite expressions - the ones you are entirely sure of as far as their
correctness is concerned, and which you will always remember. It is better to put down
something less lofty but correct than wrestle under time pressure with your own memory,
wondering how this 'stupid thing went'.
 Always keep in mind who your target reader is. Even if you know that your 'letter to a
friend' will be read by an examiner... write to a friend. If you have problems with determining
the potential addressee of your writing, assume that he or she is an educated person in
his/her thirties. But usually it is indicated in the task.
 Make your writing interesting. Put yourself in the reader's shoes. Would you fancy reading
boring stuff?
 Use linking words to form paragraphs and join your ideas in a logical way. They make
reading easier, which counts a lot if your piece is longer.
 Be careful with pronouns. They are tiny and look innocent, but can cause a lot of
commotion.
 DO write! As much and as often as you can. Make yourself mock tests - with time restrictions
and word limits. Do not worry if you forget some words and get stuck - better now (when you
still have the chance to look these words up in a dictionary), than during the exam.

DONTs:

 Do not panic!
 Do not forget that you are writing, not speaking. What would go in a friendly chat, will not
work with writing.
 Do not forget that you write to communicate something, not to practice caligraphy. If certain
fragments of your essay do not convey any relevant message, cut them out. Unnecessary
wordiness shows that you have problems with controlling your language.
  Do not ask your reader to read your mind. You are the one who knows. If you do not mention
something in your essay, it is not there.
 Avoid line-lifting. It means that you should not repeat the sentences used to set the task.
 Do not write very long sentences, unless you are perfectly sure how to punctuate them.
 Do not try to impress your reader with vocabulary. Do not use words you don't know.
 Do not scribble! If your reader struggles to decipher your handwriting, do not expect him or
her to focus on the content.

Writing Class: Formal Letter

Task Type: Letter of Application

Question
A restaurant in your region is to open shortly and the owner has placed the following advertisement in your local newspaper:

RESTAURANT STAFF NEEDED...

...For a busy restaurant located in the main tourist area
of this region. We have a number of vacancies available,
including:
Junior Chef
Waiter/Waitress
Restaurant Manager
Hours of work: 6 - 12pm, Mondays to Saturdays.
Please send us a letter explaining which post you are
interested in and why we should consider you for the
job. Interviews will be held a week after the closing
date.
Write the letter of application (Between 220 and 260 words)

Makeover: Olga
Read Olga's answer to this question below. Try correcting the piece of writing yourself first: use the marking codes to think about what might be wrong
(or what's good) about the piece of work. Then when you're ready, click the green buttons in the text for our feedback.

Dear Sir or Madam

I am writing with reference to your advertisement for

the position of a Restaurant Manager, which was placed
in The Guardian on 10 December. Gd

My reason for being interested in this vacancy is that

according to what is said by the executives of the
companies I worked for (please find enclosed their
 letters of reference), I am particularly efficient /\ being
involved in projects requiring a great deal of physical
and mental energy and also creativity. Your restaurant
would benefit from these personal qualities of mine
brought into play. T PE

I am sure that I would be successful in this post as I

have now gained the - managerial experience having had
work as a Senior Manager for the "Little Chef
Restaurant" for 10 years. At present I work for the
restaurant mentioned above, where my responsibilities
comprise dealing with suppliers and corporate clients,
recruiting employees and checking /\ financial statements
of affiliated companies.

My academic background (a Masters Degree in Tourism

& Hospitality) would also prove valuable to you.

Please could you send me an application form and any

other relevant details including those
of payment, WW working hours, health scheme and
social facilities? PE

I am able to attend an interview on any day from 11 a.

m. Should you need any further information, do not
hesitate to contact me on 222333222 from 9 a.m. to 5
p.m. or /\ [email protected].

Yours faithfully,

Olga Smith.

Feedback
This is a well-organised letter of application which shows good attention to achieving an appropriately formal register (e.g. 'I am writing with reference
to...'; 'Should you need any further information...' etc). You include all of the necessary information for this type of letter.
For the makeover, there wasn't a great deal for me to correct. I have made a (small) number of suggestions that would make your letter sound very
natural, but these are mostly quite minor quibbles