702132/702835 European Architecture B

Brunelleschi
Santo Spirito: details of arcading & impost block
Giovanni Fanelli, Brunelleschi (Florence 1985 [1980]), p 71
Miles Lewis
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Florence
Florence, aerial view
MUAS 20,152
the arch and the impost block
the Parthenon, from the north-west
Miles Lewis
Port St-André, Autun, France, early C1st AD
Miles Lewis
 Colosseum,
Rome, AD 72-80
wall elevation
and cutaway
view
Trewin Copplestone
[ed], World
Architecture (London
1963), p 59

the beam or lintel is supported by round

columns, not by square piers, or by
sections of wall, or anything else

the arch is a hole in a wall, and if two

archways are next to each other, the
piece in between is a piece of wall, and
is therefore rectangular in plan - that is,
it is a pier, not a column
 Roman temple at
Termessus in
Pisidia, AD C2nd
Robertson, Greek and
Roman Architecture, p
228

a beam or lintel, itself supported on columns, can support a wall (or pediment), and a
wall is allowed to contain an arched opening, so you can have an arch above columns,
provided that there is a lintel in between
approaching the impost block: a short section of entablature
Santa Costanza, Rome
Porticus of Pompey, Rome, AD c 285, from an anonymous C16th drawing

Marco Bussagli [ed], Rome: Art & Architecture (Königswinter [Germany] 2004), p 167
Bates Lowry, Renaissance Architecture (London 1968 [New York 1962]), fig 3
the medieval impost block
 Palatine chapel,
Aachen, by Odo of
Metz, 790-805

detail of the gallery

arcade

X B i Altet, The Early Middle Ages

from Late Antiquity to A.D. 1000
(Köln 1997), p 130
 Abbey Church of Corvey, 863-885
capitals and impost blocks in the lower westwork
Altet, The Early Middle Ages, p 148
 St Michael,
Hildesheim,
1001-1033

detail of block
capital

Pevsner, Outline of European

Architecture [1968], p 67
Duomo SS Petro
e Paolo, Cefalù ,
Sicily, 1131
onwards

impost block of
portico

Miles Lewis
dosserets
& pulvinos
House of Amor & Psyche, Ostia, c 300
MUAS 830
 the pulvino
San Vitale, Ravenna:
columns and capitals in the chancel

Scala, RA 155 (1973); RA 82 (1974)

 the classicizing dosseret block
Sant' Agata dei Goti, Rome, c 462-470: detail of Ionic capital
Santo Stefano Rotondo, Rome, 470-483: detail of column head and
dosseret block in outer arcade
Emil Mâle [translated David Buxton], The Early Churches of Rome (London 1960), pls 41, 74
the Tuscan Proto-Renaissance
 San Miniato, Florence, 1014 onwards
(lower facade c 1070-; upper facade 1128-1150; pediment early 1200s)
Vis Ed Inc
S Miniato: interior view & capital from the north side of the choir
Scala 8479 [1971]; Miles Lewis
Baptistery of S Giovanni, Piazza del Duomo, Florence, C5th, C11th, C12th
MUAS 6,725
Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446)
Ospedale degli Innocenti, or Foundling Hospital, Piazza de' Servi, Florence, by
Brunellschi, 1421-4: reconstruction of the original intended form, by Morozzi
Heinrich Klotz, Filippo Brunelleschi: the Early Works and the Medieval Tradition (London 1990), p 114
Ospedale degli Innocenti, or Foundling Hospital,
Florence, by Brunelleschi,1421-5

Fine Arts, 172/K673/3CAN 96.0603.01C3899

Ospedale degli Innocenti: loggia 1421-4
MUAS 14,881
Loggia dei Lanzi [Loggia dei Priori], Florence, by Benci di Cione & Simone Talenti, 1376-81
Firenze, no 24
 Ospedale degli Innocenti: capital in portico
San Miniato: capital from the north side of the nave
Giovanni Fanelli, Brunelleschi (Florence 1985 [1980]), p 45: Miles Lewis
tabernacle windows: the Foundling Hospital & the Baptistery
 Ospedale degli Innocenti: loggia arcade
Fanelli, Brunelleschi, p 44, replacing black & white view, Fine Arts, 172/F632/8I/ 10; RE20.49.42.
Fine Arts, 172/F632/8I/ 9; RE20.49.41
Ospedale degli Innocenti: plan
Fine Arts, 172/F632/8I/ 18; RE20.49.55
Ospedale degli Innocenti: views in the long court and the square court
Klotz, Brunelleschi, pl I, replacing Fine Arts, 172/F632/8I/ 6; RE20.49.38.
Philip Goad, no date
Ospedale degli Innocenti: the square court
Miles Lewis
 the wheel
motif
San Miniato
Ospedale
degli
Innocenti

Miles Lewis
Ospedale degli Innocenti: reconstructions of Brunelleschi's intended
elevation & the loggia as in 1429
Klotz, Brunelleschi, p 109
Ospedale degli Innocenti: detail of Baptistery of S Giovanni, detail of
the upper façade & bent architrave the corner of the attic
Fanelli, Brunelleschi, p 45 Miles Lewis
S Lorenzo, Florence, by Brunelleschi, begun 1421: plan of church complex
Fine Arts, 172/F632/2LO/PLAN/11; RE20.34.67
S Lorenzo: view from above
Miles Lewis
 S Lorenzo: long section
Fine Arts, 172/F632/2LO/PLAN/19; RE20.34.75
 S Lorenzo: interior view & detail of nave arcade
Fine Arts, 172/F632/2LO/INT/History of Western Art;, RE20.34.79; c88.20.621;
172/F632/2LO/INT/12; RE20.35.03; 13-56
 S Lorenzo: b/w detail of capital
Corinthian order from the Monument of Lysicrates, Athens 334
Fine Arts, 172/F632/2LO/INT/18; RE20.35.09; D38824; Copplestone, World Architecture, p 48
 S Lorenzo: b/w detail of capital
Baptistery of S Giovanni: capital of the exterior blind arcade, completed 1049
Fine Arts, 172/F632/2LO/INT/18; RE20.35.09; D38824: Klotz, Brunelleschi, p 147
Santo Spirito, Florence, by Brunelleschi, 1428-1470 [?1436]: view from above
Fine Arts, 172/F632/2SPI/EXT/1; RE20.41.47
 Santo Spirito

schematic plan
showing the chapel
arrangement

the setting-out of
the chapels

Eugenio Luporini, Brunelleschi:

Forma e Ragione (Milano 1964),
pp 114, 15
 Santo Spirito

hypothetical
reconstruction of
Brunelleschi's model,
by Sanpaolese

view along the south

flank

Fine Arts,
172/F632/2SPI/PLAN/10;
RE20.42.08
Miles Lewis
Santo Spirito: plan
MUAS 24,862
 Santo Spirito

half transverse
sections and
longitudinal section,
showing the
proportions

Luporini, Brunelleschi, p 117

 Santo Spirito

interior
detail below
dome

Fine Arts, 172/F632/2SPI/INT/3;

RE20.41.60; c.89.7.102.
172/F632/2SPI/INT/16; RE20.41.73
Santo Spirito: details of arcading & impost block
Giovanni Fanelli, Brunelleschi (Florence 1985 [1980]), p 71
Miles Lewis
centralised spaces
 S Lorenzo, Florence, Old Sacristy
by Brunelleschi, 1421-8: plan & section
Linda Murray, Michelangelo (London 1980), p 114
 Old Sacristy,
S Lorenzo

view towards altar

Fine Arts, 172/F632/2LO/OSAC/11;

RE20.35.51; C93.09.036
S Lorenzo, Old Sacristy: view of domes & detail of apse wall
Fine Arts, 172/F632/2LO/OSAC/6; RE20.35.46; C93.09.032; Fanelli, Brunelleschi, p 49
Old Sacristy, S Lorenzo
section; cupola from
above
Fine Arts, 172/F632/2LO/OSAC/35;
RE20.36.75; C91.1.13;
172/F632/2LO/OSAC/4;
RE20.35.44; C93.09.030
 Cappella Pazzi

Santa Croce, Florence, by

Arnolfo di Cambio, 1294-1442
(western facade C19th)
view & plan

Fine Arts, 172/F632/2CR/EXT/2;

RE20.33.37; 72-78.
Eugenio Luporini, Brunelleschi: Forma e
Ragione (Milano 1964), p 145
Cappella Pazzi, Santa Croce, Florence, by Brunelleschi, c 1429-30 (façade completed,
probably by Guiliano da Maiano, 1443-61): general view & detail of the façade
Fine Arts, 172/F632/2CR/PAZEXT/2; RE20.33.37; c88.20.629; Fanelli, Brunelleschi, 54
Cappella Pazzi: detail of
façade attic

Florence Baptistery, attic

Fanelli, Brunelleschi, 55
Miles Lewis
 Cappella Pazzi: plan
Fine Arts, 172/F632/2CR/PAZPLAN/3; RE20.33.26
 Cappella Pazzi: transverse view & view towards sarsella
Fine Arts, 172/F632/2CR/PAZINT/10; RE20.33.60; 13-55; 172/F632/2CR/PAZINT/12; RE20.33.62; c.89.7.101
 Cappella
Pazzi: corner
treatment in
the sanctuary

Klotz, Brunelleschi, p 41
 Cappella Pazzi
section & view up to dome

Fine Arts, 172/F632/2CR/PAZPLAN/10;

RE20.33.33.
172/F632/2CR/PAZINT/14; RE20.33.64
Santa Maria degli Angeli, Florence by
Brunelleschi, begun 1433
modern view
& contemporary sketch from the
Codice Rustici

Fine Arts, 172/F632/2MANG/1; RE20.37.24

Fanelli, Brunelleschi, p 63
 Santa Maria degli Angeli:
early plan drawn by Giuliano da Sangallo; reconstructed section
Biblioteca Vaticana, Rome, Codice Barberiniano-Latino 4424 f.15v.
Icarus. Fine Arts, 172/F632/2MANG/10; RE20.37.33
the rib & web dome

Cathedral, Zamorra, Spain, 1115-74: dome

 San Antonio, Padua, 1232-1307
Heinrich Klotz, Filippo Brunelleschi: the Early Works and the
M di l T diti (L d 1990) 138
 Sagrestia
Vecchia, or Old
Sacristy of San
Lorenzo,
Florence, by
Filippo
Brunelleschi,
1421-8

Eugenio Battisti
Brunelleschi (London
1981), p 94
Old Sacristy of S Lorenzo, view of vault and dome
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 94
Old Sacristy of
S Lorenzo
axonometric
view

Klotz, Filippo
Brunelleschi, pl VII
Pazzi Chapel, Santa Croce, Florence, by Filippo Brunelleschi & Guiliano da Maiano, c
1443-9 & -1461: dome view & diagram
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 94; Fine Arts, 172/F632/2CR/PAZINT/14; RE20.33.64
Duomo, Florence
Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, 1296-1462
George Tibbits
Duomos of Pisa
(1063-93) &
Florence

comparative
plans

Klotz, Brunelleschi, p
79
 Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, stages of construction
Miles Lewis, based on a drawing by G Rich, 1969, in F D Prager & Gustina Scaglia, Brunelleschi: Studies of
His Technology and Inventions, Cambridge [Massachusetts 1970), p 3
 Duomo,
Florence

view of dome
& drum

George Tibbits
Duomo, Florence: dome from above & below
Philip Goad; George Tibbits
Duomo, Florence,
cutaway isometric
of dome

L H Heydenreich &
Wolfgang Lotz, Architecture
in Italy 1400 to 1600
(Harmondsworth,
Middlesex, 1974), p 3
Flavian Palace or Domus Augustana, Rome,
inaugurated AD 92: domed octagonal hall
Boethius & Ward-Perkins, Etruscan & Roman Architecture, p 252
 Baptistery, Florence: section & interior view
Fritz Baumgart, A History of Architectural Styles (London 1970 [1969]), p 85; Fine Arts
Duomo, Florence, detail of the circle within the two shells & diagram of the
circle within the outer shell

King, Brunelleschi's Dome, p 108

Duomo, Florence, the system of chains inside the dome
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 137
Duomo, Florence,
diagram of the
dome with the
location of the
chains

Prager & Scaglia,

Brunelleschi: Studies, p 34,
fig 9
Duomo, Florence: the sandstone chain; the stone armature of the dome
King, Brunelleschi's Dome, p 73; Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 141
 Duomo, Florence
section of a
median vertical in
a segment of the
dome

Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 144

 Duomo, Florence
second passageway in the dome; stairs from second to third passageway
Battisti, Brunelleschi, pp 153, 158
Duomo, Florence, dome of 1420-36: Brunelleschi's
scaffolding as reported by Nelli, 1755
Prager & Scaglia, Brunelleschi: Studies, p 28
Duomo, Florence, plan of scaffolding holes
and reconstruction of working platform
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 123
Duomo, Florence: conjectural reconstruction of the first stage of
construction, with scaffolding attached to the interior
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 139
 Duomo, Florence, sections with
conjectural reconstruction of scaffolding
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 166
Duomo, Florence, plan
and section of
scaffolding and
centering at the top, as
conjectured by F
Gattari & A Vartolo

Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 167

Duomo, Florence: medium duty hoist, scaffolding and cranes used in the construction
of the lantern, & crane on rollers, used to build the cone, from B Ghiberti, Zibaldone
Battisti, Brunelleschi, p 262-3
Santa Maria delle Carceri,
Prato, by Giuliano da
Sangallo, 1445-1516

Fine Arts, 172/F912/2ca. C.89.7.112;

Murray, Architecture of the Italian
Renaissance, p 103
Santa Maria delle
Carceri, Prato

Icarus 1990; Fine Arts,

172/F912/2ca/in; 9 506; Murray,
Architecture of the Italian
Renaissance, p 103
Madonna del Calcinaio, Cortona, by Francesco di Giorgio, 1484-90
Fine Arts, unnumbered; B B & H Lewis
Madonna del Calcinaio, Cortona
Fine Arts, 172/C831/2ca/in; B B & H Lewis