Period

3 (1754 – 1800) Review Sheet

Chapters 4 – 6 of the American History Textbook
Chapters 5 – 8of the America’s History Textbook
Chapters 6 – 10 of the American Pageant Textbook
Chapters of the Give Me Liberty! Textbook

Welcome to Period 3! This period accounts for roughly 12% of the exam. In past exams,
R this period has been a popular choice for essays and Short Answer Questions, so make
sure you are able to explain main ideas!

E
Potential Short Answer Questions/Essay Topics Include:
• Reasons for the Growth of the First Party System. (Check out THIS video)
A •
•
Analyzing the 7 Years’ War as a turning point. (Check out THIS video)
Comparing and Contrasting the Articles of Confederation and the
D Constitution

Why were these years chosen for this period?

T
1754 marked the beginning of the 7 Years War (French and Indian) which the British
would win and end its longstanding policy of salutary neglect. 1800 marked the
election of Thomas Jefferson, which some historians have called The Revolution of
H
1800.

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Key vocabulary terms to know for this time period:

S
Impact of the 7 Years’ War - France was removed from North America; Great Britain
was in massive debt, began to consolidate control over colonies - taxes; many
colonists resisted
Common Sense - Written by T-Paine, and Enlightenment thinker. Urged that it was
"Common Sense" that colonies should break away from Great Britain

F Declaration of Independence - Inspired by Common Sense and Enlightenment

ideals; inspired France and countries in Latin America to experience revolutions

I
Reasons for Patriot Victory in the Revolutionary War - Colonists' familiarity with
the land; political and military leadership (Washington); ideological commitment
(Natural Rights); Support from European Allies (France after Saratoga)
R Northwest Land Ordinance - Passed under Articles - banned slavery in NW territory
(OH, MI, IN, etc.); created a process for admitting new states (60,000 inhabitants)

S Articles of Confederation - First governing document of US - created a WEAK central

government; issues with trade - different currencies in each state, tariffs on goods

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traded between states
Constitution - Replaced the Articles - series of compromises (Great, 3/5, Slave
Trade); provided limits on federal power (separation of powers); did not address
! problems of slavery
Washington’s Farewell Address - Warned of entangling foreign alliances and
political parties; helped inspire foreign policy until after WWII
 Republican Motherhood - Expectation that women would instill Republican values
in children and be active in families; helped increase education for women
Bill of Rights - Added AFTER the Constitutional Convention; created to gain support
of anti-Federalists; guaranteed rights of individuals

Watch THIS video on Period 3 before you proceed. (10 minutes)

1. What four major events occurred in 1763? Think PEEP. (Check out
THIS video for a quick recap of those four events). 1. End of French
and Indian War 2. End of Salutary Neglect 3. Pontiac’s Rebellion 4.
Proclamation of 1763

2. How did the 7 Years’ War impact the French?
France lost most of its land in North America.

3. Identify and define three examples of salutary neglect ending after
the 7 Years War. (Need a quick recap? Check out THIS video – my first
one ever made!) Why end Salutary Neglect –
To pay off war debt due to the French and Indian War. Examples:
Stamp Act, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts.

4. What was the message of T-Paine’s Common Sense?
It promoted independence from England and helped lead to the American Revolutionary war.

5. What were three reasons the Patriots were successful in the Revolutionary War? Check out THIS
Hamilton song that describes an important one.
Washington’s leadership through tough times, Home field advantage, British lost support from
home due to the lengthy war.


6. Why was the Articles of Confederation purposely created to be weak? (Check out THIS video for a
quick recap of the Articles)
We did not want a government set up like the one we just fought for our independence from.

7. What was the significance of the Northwest Land Ordinance? (Check out THIS video at 2:24)
It sets the provisions for future territories to become states


8. How can Daniel Shays’ be seen as a contributor to the Constitution? (Check out THIS video at 4:22)
Shay’s Rebellion revealed the need for our country to have a stronger national government to
protect us from ourselves.

9. Describe the following compromises that are found in the Constitution. (Check out THIS video for a
quick recap of the Constitution)
• Great Compromise – led to today’s Congress. House of Representatives based on a state’s
population and the Senate based on 2 Senators per state
• 3/5 Compromise – 3 out of 5 slaves in the South counted towards a state’s population in
representation in Congress.
• Slave Trade Compromise – One can keep the slaves they have but cannot acquire new ones

10. What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights? Why were they added to the Constitution?
Federalists argued that the Constitution did not need a bill of rights, because the people and the
states kept any powers not given to the federal government. Anti-Federalists held that a bill of rights was
necessary to safeguard individual liberty.

11. What were 5 parts of Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan? Bold the part that was the most
controversial. (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of Hamilton’s Plan) Also,
check out THIS amazing song from the Hamilton musical that discusses this
issue.

• Establish new nations credit worthiness(permanent debt)
• Creation on a new national debt.
• Creation of a bank of the United states.
• Raise revenue through taxes(whiskey)
• Imposition of a tariff and government subsidies.


12. Complete the following table below about the First Party System. (Check out THIS video for a quick
recap of the characteristics of the 1st Party System)
Democratic-Republicans Federalists
Foreign Policy Favored This France England
Country
View of the National Bank (BUS) Against For
Interpretation of the Strict Loose
Constitution
People that supported this party Southern Northern
were likely to be
Economy should be based on Agriculture Industry

13. What was the message of Washington’s Farewell Address? Was his advice
followed? (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of his Farewell Address)
In his farewell Presidential address, George Washington advised American
citizens to view themselves as a cohesive unit and avoid political parties and
issued a special warning to be wary of attachments and entanglements with other
nations.

14. How did the Alien and Sedition Acts lead to debates over the power of the
government? (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of the acts AND the VA and KY
Resolutions)
he Republican minority in Congress complained that the Sedition Act violated
the First Amendment to the Constitution, which protected freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

15. How did Republican Motherhood help define the role of women after the Revolutionary War?
Women's access to education was expanded so that they could better instruct their children. After
the American Revolution, Republican Motherhood contributed to women's increased roles in education,
abolitionism, and women's rights.

Document Analysis

“And We do hereby strictly forbid, on Pain of our Displeasure, all our loving Subjects from making any
Purchases or Settlements whatever…… without our especial leave and Licence for that Purpose first
obtained. And We do further strictly enjoin and require all Persons whatever who have either wilfully or
inadvertently seated themselves upon any Lands ……. to remove themselves from such Settlements.”
- Proclamation Line of 1763
Need help with this document? Check out THIS quick video.

1. What was the reaction to this document?
a. desire for good farmland caused many colonists to defy the proclamation; others merely
resented the royal restrictions on trade and migration. Ultimately, the Proclamation of
1763 failed to stem the tide of westward expansion.

2. What was the cause of this document?
In response to Pontiac's Rebellion, a revolt of Native Americans led by Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, King
George III declared all lands west of the Appalachian Divide off-limits to colonial settlers. This royal
proclamation, issued on October 7, 1763, closed down colonial expansion westward beyond Appalachia.
3. What were the effects of this document?
a. After the conclusion of the French and Indian War in America, the British Empire began to
tighten control over its rather autonomous colonies.

4. What was the Purpose of this document?

4. Who is the Intended Audience of this document?
a. The American colonists.

“Small islands, not capable of protecting themselves, are the proper objects for kingdoms to take under
their care; but there is something absurd, in supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an
island.”
- Common Sense, 1776
Need help with this document? Check out THIS quick video.

1. What is the Historical Context of the document?
a. The Declaration of independence by the Americans during 1776.

2. Who is the Intended Audience of the document?
a. American colonists.

- 1765 Newspaper Masthead
Need help with this document? Check out THIS quick video.


1. What is the Historical Context of this image?
a. The Stamp Act increased cost of daily commodities which angered many colonists.

2. What is the Purpose of this image?
a. American Colonists -> PA Newspapers

3. How did the above image help foster the independence movement?
a. It spread resistance to the Stamp Act and shed a negative light on British legislature.




Only one more document left for this period!

Need help with this document? Check out THIS video.

1. What is the Purpose of this image?
a. To Promote the ratification of the Constitution.

2. Who would support this cartoon?
a. Federalists, those that support a strong central government.

3. Who would oppose this cartoon?
a. Anti-Federalists, those that supported a weaker central government.

4. Why did people support a stronger government under the Constitution?
a. Articles were weak – Shays’ Rebellion showed the ineffectiveness of the Articles.

5. What, ultimately, led to the ratification of the Constitution?
a. The Promise to add the Bill of Rights.