6ch02 01r Que 20130604 PDF
6ch02 01r Que 20130604 PDF
6ch02 01r Que 20130604 PDF
Edexcel GCE
Chemistry
Advanced Subsidiary
Unit 2: Application of Core Principles of Chemistry
Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
t The total mark for this paper is 80.
t – use this asfora guide
The marks each question are shown in brackets
as to how much time to spend on each question.
t written
Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your
communication will be assessed
– you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as
well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.
t A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
t Keep
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Try toananswer
eye on the time.
t Check your answers
every question.
t if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P42983A
©2013 Pearson Education Ltd.
*P42983A0120*
7/6/7/1/1/
SECTION A
Answer ALL the questions in this section. You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes
on this section. For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box .
If you change your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with
a cross .
A Concentrated H2SO4
B H+/Cr2O72–
C H+/Cr3+
D Concentrated NaOH solution
OH
A just primary.
B primary and secondary.
C just secondary.
D secondary and tertiary.
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4
C2H5Br + NaOH o C2H4 + NaBr + H2O
This reaction is an example of
A addition.
B elimination.
C hydrolysis.
D oxidation.
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8 The meaning of homolytic fission is
9 What are the strongest forces between molecules of hydrogen fluoride, HF?
A Dipole-dipole forces.
B Hydrogen bonds.
C Ionic interactions.
D London forces.
10 The diagram below is taken from a student’s examination paper. It shows the
hydrogen bonding between two water molecules.
A The H–O–H bond angle within each water molecule should be 90q.
B There should only be one lone pair of electrons on each oxygen atom.
¨ C The O–H–O bond angle between the water molecules should be 180q.
D The hydrogen atoms should be – and the oxygen atoms should be +.
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11 The boiling temperatures from methane to propane increase because
A the number of ions increases, so there are stronger electrostatic attractions.
B the covalent bonds are getting stronger, so require more energy to break.
C there are more covalent bonds, so more energy is needed to break them.
D the number of electrons increases, so there are stronger London forces.
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15 CO(g) + 2H2(g) UCH3OH(g) ǻH = –91 kJ mol–1
The conditions which would produce the greatest yield of methanol are
A high pressure and high temperature.
B high pressure and low temperature.
C low pressure and low temperature.
D low pressure and high temperature.
A –1
B +1
C –7
D +7
A suitable indicator is
A methyl orange.
B phenolphthalein.
C starch.
D universal indicator.
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18 The thermite reaction, shown below, is a useful industrial process.
A disproportionation.
B oxidation.
C redox.
D reduction.
19 Which of the following molecules has a linear shape and bond angles of 180q?
A CH4
B H 2O
C CO2
D SF6
20 What would be the experimental observations if chlorine gas was bubbled through
potassium iodide solution, followed by the addition of cyclohexane?
A The solution turns brown, then two layers are produced and the top layer is
purple.
B A white precipitate is formed, which then dissolves to leave a colourless
solution.
C Bubbles of gas are seen and then a brown precipitate is formed.
D The solution remains colourless, and then two layers are seen with the bottom
layer being brown.
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SECTION B
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Two students were each given a sample of limewater, from the same batch, in order
to determine its concentration. Using 50.0 cm3 portions of the limewater, they carried
out titrations using 0.100 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid. One of the students obtained
the following results:
Titration Trial 1 2
The student decided that the mean titre was 14.10 cm3
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, that reacted
with the acid.
(1)
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(iii) Calculate the concentration of Ca(OH)2, in mol dm–3, in this sample of
limewater.
(1)
(v) This student did not include the trial value when calculating the mean titre.
Explain why.
(1)
(vi) The second student obtained a different mean titre value for the experiment
and thought that this difference may be due to the use of a faulty pipette.
Suggest a simple method, involving distilled water and a balance, by which
the accuracy of the pipette in measuring out exactly 50.0 cm3 could be
checked.
(2)
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(b) Complete the missing details from the reaction flowchart shown below, giving
the condition for A and using chemical formulae for answers B, C and D. State
symbols are not required.
(4)
Condition: HCl(aq)
A. .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CaO
O2(g) H2O(l)
D.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C..............................................
(c) In certain areas of the UK, calcium and magnesium carbonates tend to be
deposited as an off-white solid on the inside surface of pipes and the surface of
heating elements in kettles. These deposits can be removed by treatment with a
weak acid. An equation for this is shown below.
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(e) Calcium and magnesium ions can be distinguished by the use of a flame test.
State the difference in the flame colour and explain how colours in a flame are
produced in terms of electronic transitions.
(3)
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22 Ethane-1,2-diol, CH2OHCH2OH, is commonly used in antifreeze for cars to lower the
freezing temperature of the water in the car radiator. It reacts in a similar way to
ethanol but both of the alcohol groups can react.
(a) Write an equation for the complete reaction between sodium and ethane-1,2-diol.
State symbols are not required.
(2)
(b) Ethane-1,2-diol is very quickly oxidized to ethanedioic acid, (COOH)2, even under
the conditions shown below.
Thermometer
Water Condenser
Distillate
Water
Reaction mixture
Round-bottomed
flask
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(c) Draw the skeletal formula of ethanedioic acid.
(1)
(d) Explain why phosphorus(V) chloride, PCl5, would not be a suitable reagent to be
used to distinguish between ethane-1,2-diol and ethanedioic acid.
(1)
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(e) (i) Depending on the reaction conditions, ethanol can be oxidized to either an
aldehyde or to carboxylic acid. Infrared spectroscopy is a suitable technique
for determining whether the oxidation product obtained is an aldehyde or a
carboxylic acid.
Draw, on the spectrum below, any peak(s) that you would expect to see
between 4000 and 1500 cm–1 if the product was an aldehyde and not a
carboxylic acid.
(2)
DATA
The IR absorption ranges associated with some organic functional groups are
given below:
O–H stretching in alcohols (variable, broad) at 3750 – 3200 cm–1
O–H stretching in carboxylic acids (weak) at 3300 – 2500 cm–1
C=O stretching in aldehydes (strong) at 1740 – 1720 cm–1
C=O stretching in ketones (strong) at 1700 – 1680 cm–1
C=O stretching in carboxylic acids, alkyl (strong) at 1725 – 1700 cm–1
C–H stretching in aldehydes (weak) at 2900 – 2820 cm–1
and (weak) at 2775 – 2700 cm–1
100
transmittance / %
50
0
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500
wavenumber / cm–1
(ii) The infrared spectrum of the distillate from the reaction in (e)(i) included a
peak at 3750–3200 cm-1.
What substance is likely to have caused this?
(1)
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(iii) Mass spectrometry can be used to identify the products of the oxidation
of ethanol. Suggest the formula of a fragment that would show when
ethanoic acid is produced and would not be present in either ethanol or
ethanal.
(1)
c
HOH2C C Br
HO– H
*(h) It can be difficult to distinguish between the colours of the silver halides. The use
of solutions of ammonia can be very helpful.
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*P42983A01520* Turn over
SECTION C
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
23 Nanorockets have generated a lot of excitement due to their potential uses in the
medicinal field, such as in the delivery of drugs around the body.
Some bacteria have the ability to move at speeds of 100 times their body length per
second. Scientists in one study made nanorockets that reached speeds of up to 200
times their length per second. These scientists made their rockets on a nano scale
(10–9) from nanotubes with platinum coated on the inside as a catalyst. The fuel used
to power these tiny rockets was hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, which forms water and
oxygen gas when undergoing decomposition.
Other forms of nanotechnology are already being used. For example, some sun
creams use nanoparticles of titanium(IV) oxide which form an invisible protective
layer against UV radiation.
(a) Write an equation for the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
State symbols are not required.
(1)
(b) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the electronic configuration of the oxygen
gas produced in the breakdown of the hydrogen peroxide (only outer electrons
should be shown).
(1)
(c) Suggest a dot and cross diagram for the hydrogen peroxide molecule in which
each oxygen atom is covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom (only outer
electrons should be shown).
(2)
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*(d) The bond angles in hydrogen peroxide are similar to those in a water molecule.
Suggest a bond angle for hydrogen peroxide and reasons for your value.
(3)
(e) In the future, the aim is to develop a nanorocket that can use a fuel such as
glucose rather than hydrogen peroxide. Suggest an advantage of using glucose
and a disadvantage of using hydrogen peroxide.
(2)
(f ) The boiling temperature of hydrogen peroxide is relatively high, about 150qC, for
such a small molecule. Explain fully why this is the case.
(2)
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*(g) It is suggested that hydrogen peroxide is a polar liquid.
Describe how you might carry out an experiment to test whether a liquid is polar.
(3)
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*P42983A01820*
(i) The scientists used platinum in their nanorockets. Explain the catalytic role of the
platinum in the reaction.
(2)
(j) Nanotubes can be made from carbon. These carbon nanotubes can be good
electrical conductors in a similar way to graphite.
Explain why they are able to conduct electricity.
(2)
(k) Some scientists are concerned that the use of nanoparticles in cosmetic products,
such as sun cream, could pose a health hazard. Suggest why this might be the
case.
(1)
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