GCSE MATHS NEED TO KNOW 2019-2020 - HIGHER

GEOMETRY
A) Angle facts - lines B) Angle facts – triangles and quadrilaterals

1 Vertically opposite angles are equal

7 Angles in a triangle add up to 180

2 Angles on a straight line add up to 180

8 Base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal

3 Angles at a point add up to 360

9 Angles in an equilateral triangle are equal (all 60)

4 Al ternate angles a re equal 10 Angles in a quadrilateral add up to 360

5 Corres ponding angles a re equal C) Angle facts - polygons

11 Exterior angles of a polygon add up to 360°

6 Co-i nterior angles a dd up to 180

12 The interior and exterior angle add up to 180°
of any polygon

D) Congruence and similarity 13 The sum of the interior angles (number of sides-2) x 180º
of a polygon can be found by
15 The four tests for SSS using the formula
congruence are ASA
SAS
RASH 14 Regular polygons have all sides
the same length and all angles
16 Triangles are similar if… All angles are the same (AAA the same size
They are an enlargement of
each other
17 Area scale factor Length scale factor 2 F) Volumes
18 Volume scale factor Length scale factor 3

23 Volume of a cuboid =lxwxh

E) Area Formulas

19 Area of a rectangle = length x width

24 Volume of a prism = area of cross section x l

20 Area of a parallelogram =base x perpendicular

height
25 Volume of a cylinder = 𝜋𝑟2 x h

21 Area of a triangle 1
= base x perpendicular
2
height
26 Pyramid 1
= × 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ
22 Area of a trapezium = ½ (a + b) x h 3

G) Surface area

“Half the sum of the parallel sides, times the distance between them
That is how you calculate 27 Surface area of a prism The sum of the area of all
The area of a trapezium” the 2D faces

“Factors come in two by two, hurrah, hurrah”

28 Surface area of a cylinder 2 × 𝜋𝑟2 + 𝜋𝑑 × ℎ
“Multiples are in the times tables…”
H) Circles I) Pythagoras and Trigonometry

30 Circumference =𝜋𝑥𝑑 34 Pythagoras’ Theorem 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐2

For a right angled triangle,

31 Area = 𝜋𝑟2 c is always the hypotenuse!

35 Trigonometric ratios 𝑜𝑝𝑝

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝
32 Area of a sector 𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝑗
× 𝜋𝑟2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
360 ℎ𝑦𝑝
𝑜𝑝𝑝
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
33 Arc length 𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝑗
× 𝜋𝑑 SOHCAHTOA
360
36 Sine rule 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= =
K) Describing Transformations 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶
40 Rotation • Direction (clockwise or anticlockwise)
• Degrees 37 Cosine rule 𝑎2 = 𝑏2 + 𝑐2 − 2𝑏𝑐 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐴
• Centre of rotation
𝑏2 + 𝑐2 − 𝑎²
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 =
41 Reflection • Line of reflection 2𝑏𝑐

42 Translation • Vector 𝑥 38 Area of a triangle 1

𝑦 𝐴= 𝑎𝑏 sin𝐶
2
43 Enlargement • Scale factor
• Centre of enlargement J) Exact values

Circumference is pi times diameter, pi times diameter, pi times diameter 39

Circumference is pi times diameter, pi times diameter, pi times diameter
Area is pi r squared

L) Circle theorems

44 The angle in a semi- 48 The angle at the centre

circle is 90 is twice the angle at
the circumference

45 Opposite angles in a 49 Two tangents from the

cyclical quadrilateral same point are equal
add up to 180 in length

46 The angle between a 50 Alternate Segment

tangent and a radius Theorem
is 90

47 Angles at the
circumference in the
same segment are
equal
NUMBER
M) FDP P) Surds
51 % increase Find the % and add it on 69 𝑎 × 𝑏 𝑎𝑏
52 % decrease Find the % and take it away 70 𝑎 𝑎
53 Compound interest original x % multiplier number of years 𝑏 𝑏

71 𝑎× 𝑎 𝑎
54 Compound original x % multiplier number of years
depreciation 72 ( 𝑎 + 1)( 𝑎 − 1) 𝑎 −1

55 Convert a fraction Make the denominator 10 or 100 Q) Indices

to a decimal OR divide the numerator by the
denominator 73 𝑎𝑏 × 𝑎𝑐 𝑎𝑏+𝑐

56 Convert a decimal X 100 74 𝑎𝑏

to a % 𝑎𝑐 𝑎𝑏−𝑐

57 Percentage change 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 75 𝑎𝑏 𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐

𝑥100
(percentage 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
profit/loss) 76 𝑎0 1

78 𝑎−𝑏 1
N) Conversions 𝑎𝑏
58 1 cm 10mm 79 𝑏 𝑐
𝑎b
𝑎𝑐
59 1m 100cm
R) Special Numbers
60 1km 1000m
80 A factor is A number that divides into another number
61 cm → m ÷ 100 without a remainder, factors always come
62 m → cm × 100 in pairs

63 cm2 → m2 ÷ 1002 81 A multiple is A number in a given numbers times table

64 cm3 → m3 ÷ 1003 82 A square Is a number multiplied by itself: 1, 4, 16, 25,

number 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225
65 1kg 1000g
83 A prime Has only two factors, one and itself: 2, 3, 5,
66 1l 1000ml number 7, 11, 13, 17……

O) Standard form U) Equations of lines, curves and circles

67 0.0004 4 x 10 -4 (the number must be between 89 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑚 = gradient

1 and 10) 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑦 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
=
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
68 40000 4 x 10 4 (the number must be between 𝑐 = 𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 (where the line
1 and 10) crosses y axis)

90 To find the mid- 𝑥1+𝑥2 𝑦1+𝑦2

( , )
ALGEBRA point 2 2

S) Equations 91 Parallel lines Have the same gradient

84 Like terms have what… Same letter, same index 92 Perpendicular lines 1
Gradient = −
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡

T) Inequalities 93 Roots or solutions The points at which the graph passes

are through the x-axis
85 ≤ Less than or equal to
94 The turning point The maximum or minimum point of a
graph, also referred to as the vertex
86 < Less than

87 ≥ Greater than or equal to

88 > Greater than

95 Equation of a circle x 2 + y2 = r 2
Centre (0,0) radius r
 V) Quadratic formula and completing the square X) Functions of graphs

96 𝑥= −𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 102 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑎) Translate by vector −𝑎 0

2𝑎 (Shift in the x-direction by –a)
97 𝑥2 + 2𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑥+𝑎 2 − 𝑎2 + 𝑏
103 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑎) Translate by vector +𝑎 0
98 𝑥+𝑎 2 −𝑏 Completed square form where the turning (Shift in the x-direction by + a)
point is (-a , +b) 0
104 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑎 Translate by vector +𝑎
W) Compound measures (Shift in the y-direction by +a)
0
99 Speed 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 105 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑎 Translate by vector −𝑎
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = (Shift in the y-direction by -a)
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
106 −𝑓(𝑥) Reflection in the x-axis

100 Density 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 107 𝑓(−𝑥) Reflection in the y-axis

108 a𝑓(𝑥) Shrink or stretch graph vertically by a

101 Pressure 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 factor of a. (Multiply y-coordinates of
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 =
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 f(x) by a)

109 𝑓(𝑎𝑥) Shrink or stretch graph horizontally

by a factor of a. (Divide x-coordinates
DATA, RATIO AND PROPORTION f(x) by a)

Y) Correlation 110 Composite fg(x) – the succession of two

function functions
112 Positive correlation As one variable increases the other
111 Inverse function f(x)-1 – the reverse of a function
means… variable increases, this looks like:

Z) Averages

118 Mean Add all the numbers and divide by

how many there are
113 Negative correlation As one variable increases the other
means…. variable decreases, this looks like: 119 Median Order the numbers from smallest to
biggest and find the middle number

120 Mode Most frequent

114 No correlation means…. There is no relationship between 121 Range Difference between the highest and
the two variables, this looks like: lowest value

122 Mean from a 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑥

frequency table 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹

115 Line of best fit A straight line drawn with a ruler 123 Mean from a 1. Find the mid point of each
that goes through the data with grouped group
frequency table 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑥
roughly the same number of points 2.
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹
on each side of the line

116 Interpolation Estimating a value within a given AB) Probability

data set
124 Probabilities of Add up to 1
117 Extrapolation Estimating a value outside the give mutually
date set by assuming a trend exclusive events

125 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) Probability of A AND B

AA) Data Representation
Lower 126 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) Probability of A OR B
115 Box plots Interquartile range Median Upper
Quartile Quartile
Lowest Highest 127 𝑃(𝐴 𝐵) Probability of A GIVEN B
value value
128 𝑃(𝐵 𝐴) Probability of B GIVEN A
AC) Proportion 129 ′
𝑃 (𝐵 ) Probability of NOT B
133 Direct proportion 𝑦𝛼 𝑥 130 𝑃(𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝐵) 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃 𝐵 − (𝑃𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵)
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
131 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴ȁ𝐵)𝑃(𝐵)
134 Indirect proportion 1
𝑦𝛼 132 Set notation 1,2, 3 𝜖 A
𝑥
𝑘
𝑦=
𝑥