PLUS

Mathematics 03
Profit, Loss, Discount and Average

Number of Questions : 40

1. A man sold his watch for Rs. 540 and made a (a) Rs. 600, Rs. 800
profit of 8%. What was the cost price of the (b) Rs. 550, Rs. 850
watch? (c) Rs. 900, Rs. 500
(d) Cannot be determined
(a) Rs. 500 (b) Rs. 583
(c) Rs. 495 (d) Rs. 482 6. Two articles were sold for Rs. 3,600 each. If
one article was sold at a profit of 20% and
2. The selling price of 24 articles is equal to the another at a loss of 10%, then what is the
cost price of 20 articles. What is the profit/ profit or loss incurred in the entire transaction?
loss percentage in the transaction? (a) 2.85% Loss (b) 8% Profit
(a) 16.67% Loss (b) 20% Profit (c) 2.85% Profit (d) 8% Loss
(c) 16.67% Profit (d) 20% Loss
7. A person sells two articles at the same price.
3. A software retailer uses a markup rate of 50% If he makes x% profit on one article and loses
for selling a computer CD. What is the selling x% on another article, he makes net loss of
1% in the entire transaction. What is the value
price of a computer CD that costs the retailer
of x?
Rs. 35? (a) 1% (b) 15%
(a) Rs. 17.5 (b) Rs. 52.5 (c) 10% (d) 0%
(c) Rs. 45 (d) Rs. 17
8. A person buys two different varieties of toffees.
4. A man buys two chairs for Rs. 1,500. He sells He bought 5 of first variety for Rs. 6 and 8 of
one of them at profit of 25% and other one at second variety for Rs. 5. He then mixes equal
the loss of 20%. If he gets a profit of Rs. 15 in number of toffees of both the varieties and
the entire transaction, then what is the selling sells them at 10 for Rs. 8. What is profit or
loss incurred by him?
price of the chair sold at profit?
(a) 12.32% Loss (b) 56.16% Loss
(a) Rs. 850 (b) Rs. 800 (c) 56.16% Profit (d) 12.32% Profit
(c) Rs. 700 (d) None of these
9. A fruit vendor buys certain numbers of oranges
5. Anup has two articles, X and Y. He gets an at 20 per Rs. 15 and twice this number of
amount of Rs. 1,410 when he sells article X oranges at 30 per Rs. 20. He sells all the
at a profit of 15% and article Y at a loss of oranges at 24 per Rs. 18. At most what
10%. Similarly, he gets an amount of Rs. 1,480 discount percentage can he offer so that he
does not has a loss?
when he sells article X at a loss of 20% and
(a) 8% (b) 7.41%
article Y at a profit of 25%. What are the
(c) 7.14% (d) None of these
prices of the two articles respectively?

Mathematics – 3 Page 1
10. If a shopkeeper offers a discount of 20% on percentage profit of the dealer in the entire
the list price of a washing machine, then he transaction.
makes a profit of 12%. What percentage profit (a) 44% (b) 40%
or loss will he make, if he sells it at a discount (c) 50% (d) 0%
of 25% on the list price?
(a) 0.5% profit (b) 4.25% loss 17. A dishonest shopkeeper uses a weight of 800
(c) 5% loss (d) 5% profit gm instead of a kg and professes to sell his
goods at cost price. Further, he adds 10%
11. An article is sold at 20% discount on the impurities to it. What is his overall profit?
marked price. If it is sold at a profit of 25%,
2
then the cost price of the article is what (a) 15% (b) 16 %
percentage of its marked price? 3
(a) 64% (b) 80% (c) 25% (d) 37.5%
(c) 10% (d) Same as the MP
18. Alok purchased 45 kg of rice costing Rs. 35
12. The difference between a discount of 35% and per kg and also 55 kg of rice costing
two successive discounts of 20% on a certain Rs. 45 per kg. At what price he must sell the
bill was Rs. 22. Find the amount of the bill. mixture so as to gain 20% on the whole?
(a) Rs. 244.44 (b) Rs. 1,100 (a) Rs. 39 per kg (b) Rs. 48.60 per kg
(c) Rs. 4,400 (d) Rs. 2,200 (c) Rs. 45.30 per kg (d) Rs. 50 per kg

13. A man bought a television set priced at 19. When an article is sold for Rs. X, loss
Rs. 2,000. He was given successive discounts percentage is equal to L%. However, when
of 20% and 10%. The price he paid was the same article is sold for Rs. Y, profit
(a) Rs. 1,500 (b) Rs. 1,400 percentage is equal to P%. What is the cost
(c) Rs. 1,440 (d) Rs. 1,340 price of that article?
XY L P
(a) Rs. (b) Rs.
2 L P XY
14. By selling an article at th of the marked
5 (Y  X) (L  P)
price, there is a loss of 25%. The ratio of the (c) Rs. 100 (d) Rs. 100
(L  P) (Y  X)
marked price and the cost price of the article
is
(a) 8 : 15 (b) 8 : 5 Directions for questions 20 to 22: Answer the
(c) 15 : 8 (d) Data Inadequate questions on the basis of the information given below.
At a jewelry showroom there are different products
15. The marked price of a watch was Rs. 720. on display. The marked price of D is same as the
A man bought the same for Rs. 550.80 after cost price of B whereas the marked price of B is
getting two successive discounts, the first same as the cost price of A. The discounts offered
being 10%. What was the second discount? on B and D are equal. The ratio of the marked price
(a) 10% (b) 18% and cost price of C is 7 : 5 and after a discount of
(c) 15% (d) 20% 20% the selling price of C is Rs.28,000, which is
double the cost price of B. D is marked 12% above
16. A dishonest dealer claims to sell a product at the cost price and the profit earned is Rs.100. The
its cost price but uses a weight that is 20% selling price of B is Rs.15,300 whereas the discount
less than the original weight. Further greed on A is 15%. The marked price of A is three-fourth
overtook him and he added 20% impurities to the selling price of C.
the product to increase profit. Find the

Page 2 Mathematics – 3
20. W hich of the following represents the (a) 16
products in the descending order of the (b) 15
absolute profit earned? (c) 14
(a) C > D > A > B (b) B > A > D > C (d) Cannot be determined
(c) D > A > B > C (d) C > B > A > D
27. The average weight of 3 men – A, B and C –
21. Which of these pairs represent the products is 72 kg. Another man D joins the group and
that have been marked up by the highest % the average now becomes 66 kg. If a person
and lowest %? E whose weight is 5 kg more than that of D
(a) C – 40%, D – 12% replaces A, then the average weight of B, C,
(b) C – 40%, A – 21% D and E becomes 63 kg. The weight of A is: .
(c) A – 23%, B – 21% (a) 75 kg (b) 65 kg
(d) C – 40%, B – 21% (c) 85 kg (d) 55 kg

22. What is the total gain of the jeweler by selling 28. The average of 5 numbers is 46 and that of
products A and C to a customer? the first four of them is 45. The fifth number is
(a) Rs. 5,250 (b) Rs. 3,850 (a) 9 (b) 45
(c) Rs. 4,750 (d) Rs. 2,850 (c) 46 (d) 50

23. The average of a cricketer after 96th innings 29. The average of 30 numbers is 12. The average
was 45.5. if he scored 102 runs in his 97th of the first 20 of them is 11 and that of the next
inning, then what will be his new average after 9 is 10. The last number is
97th inning? (a) 60 (b) 45
(a) 46.08 (b) 45.73 (c) 40 (d) 50
(c) 44.67 (d) 43.82
30. The average temperature from Monday to
24. The bowling average of a cricketer was 12.4. Thursday was 48° and from Tuesday to Friday
He improves his bowling average by 0.2 points was 52°. If the temperature on Monday was
when he takes 5 wickets for 26 runs in his last 42°, what was it on Friday?
match. The number of wickets taken by him (a) 52° (b) 55°
before the last match was (c) 58° (d) 51°
(a) 125 (b) 150
(c) 175 (d) Data insufficient 31. The average salary of 32 employees in an
office is Rs. 36,000. If the average salary of
25. The average weight of a family of six members all the 20 male employees is Rs. 24,000, then
is 56 kg. If the weight of the grandfather is what is the average salary of f emale
also included, then the average weight of the employees in the office?
family increases by 4 kg. What is the weight (a) Rs. 45,000 (b) Rs. 56,000
of the grandfather? (c) Rs. 52,000 (d) Rs. 60,000
(a) 84 kg (b) 78 kg
(c) 76.5 kg (d) 80 kg 32. The average height of 36 students in a class
is 160 cm. If the average height of girls and
26. The average age of a group of officers boys in the class is 156 cm and 162 cm
decreases to 56 years from 58 years, when respectively, then what is the number of boys
an old member is replaced by a yound in the class?
member. W hat is the total number of (a) 24 (b) 12
members in that team if the age difference (c) 16 (d) 20
between those two members is 30 years?

Mathematics – 3 Page 3
33. The average salary of a DTP operator and a 35. The average of nine consecutive numbers
content editor is Rs. 6,000 and Rs. 10,500. If written in ascending order is the middle
the total monthly salary of all the workers and number of that order. The average of the first
the total number of workers are Rs. 1,50,000 five larger numbers is 27 and the average of
and 16 respectively, then how many content the first five smaller numbers is 23. What is
editors are there? (Assume there are only two sum of the all the numbers?
types of workers viz. DTP and content (a) 135 (b) 160
editors). (c) 180 (d) 225
(a) 4 (b) 12
(c) 6 (d) 8 36. The average of eight numbers is 20. If sum of
the first two numbers is 31, the average of
34. A class has three sections as A, B and C.
1
The ratio in the number of students in the the next three numbers is 21 and the
three sections, in the given order is 3 : 3 : 2. 3
The average marks of the students of all the seventh and eighth numbers exceed the sixth
sections is 16. The average of the marks number by 4 and 7 respectively, then the
obtained by the students of section A and B eighth number is
is 15.5. Find the average marks obtained by (a) 20 (b) 25
the students of the section C. (c) 21.6 (d) 25.3
(a) 18 (b) 17.5
(c) 15 (d) 18.5

Directions for questions 37 to 40: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

The line graph given below shows the maximum and minimum temperatures recorded during a period of
seven days from 1st to 7th May, 2019.

Min. Temperature Max. Temperature

50 46.2
44 45.2 44.8
45
41.8
40
Temperature (in °C)

40.8 38.8
35
31.8
30
28.6 29.2 24.8 24.8
25 28
26.6
20
15
10
5
0
1st May 2nd May 3rd May 4th May 5th May 6th May 7th May
Day

Page 4 Mathematics – 3
37. During the given period, by how many degrees 39. During the given period, the maximum and
was the mean of the maximum temperatures minimum values of the absolute difference
greater than the mean of the minimum between the maximum and minimum
temperatures? temperatures were recorded, respectively, on
(a) 13.2 (b) 15.4 (a) 7th and 2nd May (b) 6th and 4th May
(c) 17.6 (d) 18.8 st nd
(c) 1 and 2 May (d) 1st and 4th May

38. The percentage increase in the minimum 40. What is the difference between the average
temperature recorded on 3rd May over that of temperature on 2nd May and 6th May?
the previous day was what percentage points (a) 2.1°C (b) 2.4°C
more/less than the percentage increase in (c) 3.2°C (d) 3.7°C
the maximum temperature recorded on 3rd
May over that of the previous day?
(a) 1.2 more (b) 0.4 more
(c) 0.9 less (d) 0.6 less

Mathematics – 3 Page 5
 Mathematics – 3 PLUS
Answers and Explanations
1 a 2 a 3 b 4 d 5 a 6 c 7 c 8 a 9 b 10 d
11 a 12 d 13 c 14 c 15 c 16 c 17 d 18 b 19 c 20 d
21 a 22 b 23 a 24 c 25 a 26 b 27 b 28 d 29 d 30 c
31 b 32 a 33 b 34 b 35 d 36 b 37 b 38 b 40 a 40 b

1. a Using the concept of multiplying index Total CP = Rs. 3,000 + Rs. 4,000 = Rs. 7,000
Total SP = Rs. 3,600 × 2 = Rs. 7,200
540 Profit = Rs. 7,200 – Rs. 7,000 = Rs. 200
CP of watch = = Rs. 500
1.08
200
Hence, percentage profit = 100 = 2.85%.
7000
2. a Let the CP of an article be Re. 1.
CP of 20 articles = Rs. 20.
SP of 24 articles = CP of 20 articles = Rs. 20.
7. c 2
20 5  Pr ofit / Loss% 
SP of an article = Rs. = Rs. .  100   Loss%
24 6  
2
 x  1 2
 5    100  x  100  x  10%.
1 –   100 
Loss % =  6
× 100 = 16.67% .
1
8. a LCM of (5, 8) = 40
3. b The markup is 50% of Rs. 35. CP of 40 toffees @ 5 for Rs. 6 = Rs. 48
Markup = (0.50) × (35) = Rs. 17.5 CP of 40 toffees @ 8 for Rs. 5 = Rs. 25
Then, SP = CP + Markup price = 35 + 17.5 = Rs. 52.5 Total CP = Rs. 25 + Rs. 48 = Rs. 73
Total SP of 80 toffees @ 10 for Rs. 8 = Rs. 64
Loss = Rs. 73 - Rs. 64 = Rs. 9
4. d Let the price of the chair sold at profit be Rs. m and
that of sold at loss be Rs. (1500 – m), respectively. 9
Percentage loss = × 100 = 12.32%
 1.25m + (1500 – m) × 0.80 = 1500 + 15 73
 1.25m – 0.80m = 1515 – 1200
 0.45m = 315  m = 700 9. b Let 60 oranges of type-1 and 120 oranges of type-2
Thus, the price of the respective chairs are Rs. 700 has been bought by vendor.
and Rs. 800, respectively. Total cost of oranges = 3 × 15 + 4 × 20 = Rs. 125
Thefore, selling price of the chair sold at profit 18
= Rs. 700 × 1.25 = Rs. 875. Now selling price of 180 oranges =  180  Rs.135.
24
5. a Let the respective price of the two articles be Rs. X 10
and Rs. Y respectively. Hence, offered discount =  100  7.41%
135
 1.15X + 0.9Y = 1410 ... (i)
and 0.80X + 1.25Y = 1480 ... (ii) 10. d Let the cost price of the washing machine be Rs.100
On solving the above two equations, we get
X = Rs. 600 and Y = Rs. 800. 20
and list price be x. Then, x  x   112
100
 0.8x  112  x  Rs. 140
3600 When the shopkeeper gives a discount of 25%, then
6. c CP of first article = = Rs. 3,000
1.2
25
selling price = 140 – 140  = 140 – 35 = Rs.105.
3600 100
CP of the second article = = Rs. 4,000
0.9 Hence, there will be a profit of 5%.

Mathematics – 3 Page 1
11. a Let the MP of the article be Rs. 100. 16. c Let the cost price = Rs. 100, now by adding 20%
SP of the article after discount = Rs. 80. impurities he is making a profit of 20%. Further by using
80 20% les s weight he is making a prof it of 25%.
CP of the article = = Rs. 64.
1.25 20  25
So, his net profit % = 20 + 25 +  50%
64 100
Percentage value = × 100 = 64%.
100
17. d Profit earned due to faulty scale
12. d Effective % change of x% and y%
1000 – 800
 xy  = × 100 = 25%
  x  y  % 800
 100 
Profit earned due to impurities = 10%
Now x = – 20% and y = – 20%
25 × 10
For two successive discounts the net discount Total profit earned = 25 + 10 + = 37.5%
100
(–20)(–20) 18. b Let the average C.P of rice be Rs. x per kg
 (–20)  (–20)  = 36%
100
45 45  x
Now let the amount of the bill be Rs. x.  
55 x  35
(Two successive 20% discounts on x) – 35% of
9x – 35 × 9 = 11 × 45 – 11x
x = Rs. 22
20x = 11 × 45 + 35 × 9
 36% of x – 35% of x = 22
20x = 5 {99 + 63}
 1% of x = 22 20x = 5 × 162
x 5  162
  22  x = Rs. 2,200. x
100 20
x  40.5
13. c Net discount = – 20 – 10 + (20)(10)  28% .  C.P. = Rs. 40.5 per kg
100
120  40.5 4860
Price he paid = Rs. 2000 × 0.72 = Rs. 1,440. So, selling price = Rs.  Rs.
100 100
= Rs. 48.60 per kg
14. c Let the marked price be x. Then,

2 19. c Let the cost price be Rs. ‘C’.

SP  x
5
CX
Then, L     100
 C.P. – S.P.  C 
Loss%   100
 C.P. 
L X
  1 ... (i)
100 C
 2 
 x  8
 25  1– 5 100  C.P.  x.
and P  
Y  C
 C.P. 15
 C 
  100
 
P Y
8   1 ... (ii)
 Ratio of marked price : cost price  x : x 100 C
15
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
= 15 : 8.
L P Y  X

15. c After the first discount of 10% the revised list price 100 C
= 90% of Rs. 720 = Rs. 648
100(Y  X)
Now discount on revised list price C .
= 648 – 550.80 = Rs. 97.20. (L  P)
Now let the second discount be x%
 x% of Rs. 648 = Rs. 97.20

648
 x  97.20  x = 15%.
100

Page 2 Mathematics – 3
For questions 20 to 22: 25. a Total weight of the family = 56 × 6 = 336 kg.
Total weight of the family including grandfather
Marked Selling
Nam e of Cost price Discount = (56 + 4) × 7 = 420 kg.
price price
product (in Rs.) % Weight of grandfather = 420 – 336 = 84 kg.
(in Rs.) (in Rs.)
0.75 × 28000 26. b The change in average age of the group
A y 15
= 21000 = 58 – 56 = 2 years.
x = 0.5 × Actual change in years = 30 years.
B 28000 = y d 15300
30
14000  Total number of members   15
2
C 5k 7k 20 28000
1400 0 12500 +
27. b Total weight of A, B and C is 72 × 3 = 216 kg
D 1 .12 x = 14000 d 100 = Total weight of A, B, C and D = 66 × 4 = 264 kg
 125 00 12600  D’s weight = 264 – 216 = 48 kg
Marked Selling Absolute  E’s weight = (48 + 5) = 53 kg
Nam e of Cost price Discount
price price Profit Total weight of B, C, D and E = 63 × 4 = 252 kg
product (in Rs.) %
(in Rs.) (in Rs.) (in Rs.)  (A + B + C + D) – (B + C + D + E) = 264 – 252
A 17000 21000 15 17850 850 = 12 kg
B 14000 17000 10 15300 1300  A – E = 12 kg

C 25000 35000 20 28000 3000  A – 53 = 12 kg

So, A = 65 kg
D 12500 14000 10 12600 100
28. d Fifth number = 5 × 46 – 4 × 45 = 230 – 180 = 50.
20. d The products in the descending order of the absolute
profit earned are C > B > A > D. 29. d Sum of 30 numbers = 30 × 12 = 360
Sum of first 20 numbers = 20 × 11 = 220
21. a Sum of next 9 number = 9 × 10 = 90
Cost Marked % m ark up
Nam e of  Last number = 360 – (220 + 90) = 50.
price price (in MP  CP
product   100
(in Rs.) Rs.) CP 30. c Temperature on Mon + Tue + Wed + Thur
= 4 × 48 = 192°
A 17000 21000 23.5 Temperature on Monday = 42°
B 14000 17000 21.4 Tuesday + Wed + Thur = (192° – 42°) = 150°
Temperature on Tue + Wed + Thur + Fri
C 25000 35000 40 = 4 × 52° = 208°
D 12500 14000 12 Friday's Temperature = 208° – 150° = 58°.

The products that have been marked up by the highest 31. b Number of female employees in the office
% and lowest % are C – 40%, D – 12%.
= 32 – 20 = 12
22. b Total gain of the jeweler by selling products A and C Let the average salary of female employees in the
to a customer office be Rs. n. Then,
= (28000 – 25000) + (17850 – 17000) = Rs. 3,850 32 × 36000 = 20 × 24000 + 12 × n
12n = 32 × 36000 – 20 × 24000
23. a Total runs scored in 96 innings = 96 × 45.5 = 4368. 12n = 1000 × 6 × 4 × (48 – 20)
Total runs scored after 97 innings = 4368 + 102 12n = 1000 × 6 × 4 × 28
= 4470. n = Rs. 56,000.
4470
 New average =  46.08. 32. a Let the number of girls and boys in the class be n and
97
(36 – n), respectively.
24. c Let the number of wicket taken before last match by  n × 156 + (36 - n) × 162 = 36 × 160
the cricketer be x. Then,  156n + 162 × 36 – 162n = 160 × 36
12.4x + 26 = 12.2 (x + 5)  162n – 156n = 36 × (162 – 160)
 0.2x = 61 – 26
 6n = 36 × 2  n = 12
35 Number of boys in the class = 36 – 12 = 24.
x  175.
0.2

Mathematics – 3 Page 3
33. b Let us assume that the total number of DTP operators 37. b The mean of maximum temperatures
be x and number of editors be (16 – x).
44  40.8  45.2  41.8  38.8  46.2  44.8
6,000 × x + (16 – x) × 10,500 = 1,50,000 
or, 6000x + 16 × 10500 – 10500x = 1,50,000 7
or, 10500x – 6000x = 168000 – 150000
301.6
or, 4500x = 18000   43.08 C
or, x = 4 7
Number of editors = 16 – 4 = 12 The mean of minimum temperatures
26.6  28.6  31.8  29.2  24.8  28  24.8
34. b Let the average marks of the students of the section C 
7
be x.
16 × 8 = 6 × 15.5 + 2 × x 193.8
x = 64 – 46.5 = 17.5.   27.68 C
7
35. d Let the numbers in ascending order be n, (n + 1), (n + Hence, the required difference (in º C) = 43.08 – 27.68
2), (n + 3), (n + 4), (n + 5), (n + 6), (n + 7) and (n + 8). = 15.4.
sum of all the numbers = n + (n + 1) + (n + 2) + (n + 3)
+ (n + 4) + (n + 5) + (n + 6) + (n + 7) + (n + 8) = 9n + 36 38. b The percentage increase in the minimum temperature
(n + 4) + (n + 5) + (n + 6) + (n + 7) + (n + 8) = 27 × 5 on 3rd, May over the previous day
...(1) 31.8  28.6 3.2
n + (n + 1) + (n + 2) + (n + 3) + (n + 4) = 23 × 5 ...(2)   100   100  11.18%
28.6 28.6
Adding the given two equations we get
The percentage increase in the maximum temperature
2(n + 4) + n + (n + 1) + (n + 2) + (n + 3) + (n + 5) + (n
on 3rd, May over the previous day
+ 6) + (n + 7) + (n + 8) = 135 + 115
9n + 36 + n + 4 = 250 45.2  40.8 4.4
  100   100  10.78%
10n = 250 – 40 = 210; n = 21 40.8 40.8
Thus, the consecutive numbers are from 21 to 29.
Hence, the required difference = 11.18 – 10.78 = 0.4
9 (more).
Sum = {21  29}  225
2
39. a The maximum difference between the maximum and
th minimum temperature was witnessed on 7th May and
36. b Let the 6 number be x.
it was 44.8 – 24.8 = 20º C.
64 The minimum difference between the maximum and
 8 × 20 = 31  3  x  x  4  x  7
3 minimum temperature witnessed on 2nd May and it
was 40.8 – 28.6 = 12.2º C.
 160 = 31 + 64 + x + x + 4 + x + 7 = 3x + 106

160  106 28.6  40.8

x  18 40. b Average temperature on 2nd May =
3 2
 8th number = 18 + 7 = 25. = 34.7°C
28  46.2
Average temperature on 6th May = = 37.1°C
2
Difference = 2.4°C.

Page 4 Mathematics – 3