Information Systems in Organisations: Basic Computer Concepts

MODULE:
INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ORGANISATIONS
Lecture 1
Basic Computer Concepts

Lecture Overview
• Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing

Functions.
• Identify the Different Types of Computers.
• Describe the Hardware Devices and their Uses.
• Identify Types of Software and their Uses.
• Describe Networks and Network Terms
• Safe Computing Practices.
What is a Computer?
• A programmable electronic device that can input, process,
output, and store data
• The Four Basic Computing Functions

Types of Computers
Types of Computers
• Mainframe computers
• Manage users through multitasking
• Supercomputers
• Large, powerful and ultrafast
• Process scientific calculations and multi-scale simulations
• Mid-range computers
Types of Computers
• Microcomputers
 Desktop computers
 Notebook computers
 Tablet computers
 Mobile devices
Computer Systems - Hardware
• Hardware
 Refers to the physical components of a computer
• System Unit
 Houses internal components
 Provides connection sites for peripheral devices
 Peripheral devices provide input and output
• System Unit main components are:
• System Board or Mother Board
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 The brain of the computer that executes programs and
manipulates data
 Two main parts:
• Control unit
• Arithmetic logic unit
 Many different types
• Memory
 Measured in bytes
• megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB)
 ROM: permanent and nonvolatile
 RAM: temporary and volatile
 Virtual Memory
• Input Devices
The data or instructions you type into the computer are called
input
• Keyboard
• Ergonomic
• Pointing device
• Controls the pointer
• Mouse
• Scroll wheel
• Trackball
• Touch pad
• Pointing stick
• Scanner
• Output Devices
 Displays information after data has been processed in a
useful format.
 Monitors
 Printers
 Speakers
 Projectors
• Output Devices
 Monitors
o Display a temporary copy (soft copy) of processed data
o Types of Monitors:
o Cathode-ray tube (CRT)
o Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
o Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
o LCD & LED
• Have a thin profile
• Are used with newer desktops and notebooks
• Have largely replaced CRT monitors
• May accommodate high-definition video
• Output Devices
 Monitors
• Output Devices
 Printers
o Supply a hard copy of output displayed on a computer’s
monitor
o Types of Printers:
o Inkjet
o Laser
o Dot-Matrix
o Thermal-transfer
o Plotters
• Output Devices
 Printers
• Storage Devices
 Used to store data, information and programs for future use.
 Permanent memory
 Storage device v/s Storage media

 Storage Device - Hardware such as Hard drives/DVD.
 Storage Media - Removable part that actually
contains the stored data.
• Storage Devices - Holding Data for Future Use
 Memory (RAM)
o Primary Memory
o Temporarily holding area for items in use.
o Primary storage.
 Storage Devices
o Required during the computer system’s start up operations.
o Used as an output device for saving data.
• Storage Devices
 Data is stored in one of the three forms:
o Magnetic
o Optical
o Flash
• Storage Devices
 Types of Storage Media:
• Ports & Connectors
Audio Ethernet FireWire Parallel PS/2
Standard
(VGA) HDMI video
USB
 Connectors between a peripheral device and computer.
 Enables data to be exchanged.
 Have different shapes and sizes.
 Different ports operate at different speeds.
USB FireWire
USB Hub
Ethernet
Computer Systems - Software
• System Software
 Manages the fundamental operations of a computer.
 Operating System – Manages hardware components, Multitasking
Utility Programs - Small applications that handle tasks involved with

management and maintenance of a system.
• System Software – Operating System
 Communicates with the computer and its peripherals
 Includes the user interface.
 Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Icons
• Menus
• Dialog boxes
• Windows
Contains the direction needed to start up the computer (Boot Process)

• System Software – Operating System
 Types of Operating System:
Windows OS
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Windows 10
 Linux/Unix
 MAC
• System Software – Utility Programs
 Small applications that handle important tasks involved with

computer management and maintenance.
 Small applications that handle important tasks involved with
computer management and maintenance.
 Utility Programs can be used to:
• Back up important files.
• Remove unwanted files or programs.
• Schedule various computer maintenance tasks.
• Application Software
 Programs created to perform a specific task or solve a specific need.
 Fall into one of several categories
 Financial and Business
 Graphics and multimedia
 Educational and reference
 Entertainment
 Communication
 Productivity software.
• Application Software – Productivity Software
 Word Processing.
 Spreadsheet.
 Database.
 Presentation.
 Communication.
Application Software Type Examples
Word processing software MS Word, WordPad and Notepad
Database software Oracle, MS Access etc
Spreadsheet software Apple Numbers, Microsoft Excel
Multimedia software Real Player, Media Player
Presentation Software Microsoft Power Point, Keynotes
Enterprise Software Customer relationship management system
Information Worker Software Documentation tools, resource management tools
Dictionaries: Encarta, Britannica Mathematical: MATLABOthers:
Educational Software
Google Earth, NASA World Wind
Simulation Software Flight and scientific simulators
Content Access Software Accessing content through media players, web browsers
Application Suites OpenOffice, Microsoft Office
Software for Engineering and
IDE or Integrated Development Environments
Product Development
Computer Systems - Networks
 Word Processing.
 Spreadsheet.
 Database.
 Presentation.
 Communication.
• Networks
 Consist of two or more connected computers or other devices.
 Allow users to share data, software and resources.
 Each object connected to a network is a node.
 Network interface card (NIC)
 LAN
 WAN
 WLAN
 PAN
 WiMax
• Network Configuration
 Peer-to-peer
 Used in homes and small businesses
 Each node communicates with every other node without a dedicated
server among computers.
 Client/Server
 Typically have two different types of computers
 The client: used by an individual

 The server: used by network technicians and administrator to manage
network resources.
• Network Servers
 Domain Controller
 File Server
 Print Server
 Web Server
 Mail Server
 DNS Server
 DHCP Server
 Database Server
 FTP Server
• Network Topologies
 Describes the different types of network architecture used for
client/server networks.
BUS Topologies – connects each node to a single, central high-speed
line known as bus.
RING Topologies – connects each node to the next, forming a loop.
 STAR Topologies – connects each node to a special device know as
switch.
• Network Topologies
Star Network
• The Internet
 The largest network in the world that connects millions of
people.
 World Wide Web
• Web Page
• Web Site
 Electronic Mail
Computer Systems - Security
• Security
 Refers to the steps a computer owner takes to prevent unauthorized
use of or damage to the computer.
Malware, Viruses, spyware, adware
 Firewall
 Phishing
 Pharming
• Security
 Refers to the steps a computer owner takes to prevent unauthorized
use of or damage to the computer.
Malware, Viruses, spyware, adware, Worms, Trojan Horses
 Firewall
 Phishing
 Pharming
Security- How to protect your computer?
 Software updates and patches
 Antivirus Software
 Antispyware software
 Anti Malware
 Firewalls
THANK YOU

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MODULE:

INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ORGANISATIONS

Basic Computer Concepts

• Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing

• The Four Basic Computing Functions

 Storage device v/s Storage media

 Operating System – Manages hardware components, Multitasking

Utility Programs - Small applications that handle tasks involved with

Contains the direction needed to start up the computer (Boot Process)

 Small applications that handle important tasks involved with

 The client: used by an individual

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