GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

Numerical Methods

ME – 2005 ME – 2010
1. Starting from x = 1, one step of Newton – 6. Torque exerted on a flywheel over a cycle
Raphson method in solving the equation is listed in the table. Flywheel energy (in
x³ +3x 7=0 gives the next value (x₁) as J per unit cycle) using impson’s rule is
(A) x₁=0.5 (C) x₁ = .5 Angle (degree) Torque (N-m)
(B) x₁= . 0 (D) x₁=2 0 0
60 1066
2. With a 1 unit change in b, what is the
change in x in the solution of the system 120 323
of equation = 2 .0 0. = 180 0
(A) Zero (C) 50 units 240 323
(B) 2 units (D) 100 units 300 55
360 0
ME – 2006 (A) 542 (C) 1444
3. Match the items in columns I and II. (B) 992.7 (D) 1986
Column I Column II
(P) Gauss-Seidel (1) Interpolation ME – 2011
method 7. The integral ∫ dx, when evaluated by
(Q) Forward (2) Non-linear using impson’s / rule on two equal
Newton-Gauss differential subintervals each of length 1, equals
method equations (A) 1.000 (C) 1.111
(R) Runge-Kutta (3) Numerical (B) 1.098 (D) 1.120
method integration
(S) Trapezoidal (4) Linear algebraic ME – 2013
Rule equation 8. Match the correct pairs.
(A) 2 Numerical Order of Fitting
(B) 2 Integration Scheme Polynomial
(C) 2 . impson’s / 1. First
(D) 2 Rule
Q. Trapezoidal Rule 2. Second
4. Equation of the line normal to function . impson’s / 3. Third
f(x) = (x ) at (0 5) is Rule
(A) y = x 5 (C) y = x 5 (A) P – 2 , Q – 1, R – 3
(B) y = x 5 (D) y = x 5 (B) P – 3, Q – 2 , R – 1
(C) P – 1, Q – 2 , R – 3
ME – 2007 (D) P – 3, Q – 1 , R – 2
5. A calculator has accuracy up to 8 digits
2
ME – 2014
after decimal place. The value of  sinxdx
0
9. Using the trapezoidal rule, and dividing
the interval of integration into three equal
when evaluated using this calculator by
sub intervals, the definite integral
trapezoidal method with 8 equal
intervals, to 5 significant digits is ∫ |x|dx is ____________
(A) 0.00000 (C) 0.00500
(B) 1.0000 (D) 0.00025

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

10. The value of ∫ . ( ) calculated using “value approximate value”) in the

the Trapezoidal rule with five sub estimate?
intervals is _______ (A) – (C) –
(B) 0 (D)
11. The definite integral ∫ is evaluated
using Trapezoidal rule with a step size of CE – 2007
1. The correct answer is _______ 4. The following equation needs to be
numerically solved using the Newton-
12. The real root of the equation Raphson method
5x 2cosx = 0 (up to two decimal x3 + 4x – 9 = 0 the iterative equation for
accuracy) is _______ the purpose is (k indicates the iteration
level)
13. Consider an ordinary differential (A) x =
equation = t .If x =x at t = 0 , the
(B) x =
increment in x calculated using Runge-
Kutta fourth order multi-step method (C) x =x x
with a step size of Δt = 0.2 is (D) x =
(A) 0.22 (C) 0.66
(B) 0.44 (D) 0.88
5. Given that one root of the equation
CE – 2005 x 10x + 31x – 30 = 0 is 5, the other
Linked Answer Question 1 and 2 two roots are
Give a>0, we wish to calculate its (A) 2 and (C) and
reciprocal value 1/a by using Newton (B) 2 and (D) 2 and
Raphson Method for f(x) = 0.
CE – 2008
6. Three values of x and y are to be fitted in
1. The Newton Raphson algorithm for the
a straight line in the form y = a + bx by
function will be
the method of least squares. Given
(A) x = (x ) ∑x = 6, ∑y = 2 ∑x = and ∑xy =
(B) x = (x x ) the values of a and b are respectively
(A) 2 and 3 (C) 2 and 1
(C) x = 2x ax
(B) 1 and 2 (D) 3 and 2
(D) x =x x
CE – 2009
2. For a = 7 and starting with x = 0.2 the 7. In the solution of the following set of
first two iteration will be linear equation by Gauss elimination
(A) 0.11, 0.1299 (C) 0.12, 0.1416 using partial pivoting 5x + y + 2z = 34;
(B) 0.12, 0.1392 (D) 0.13, 0.1428 4y – 3z = 12; and 10x – 2y + z = 4; the
pivots for elimination of x and y are
CE – 2006 (A) 10 and 4 (C) 5 and 4
3. A 2nd degree polynomial f(x) has values of (B) 10 and 2 (D) 5 and 4
1, 4 and 15 at x = 0, 1 and 2 respectively.
The integral ∫ f(x) dx is to be estimated
by applying the trapezoidal rule to this
data. What is the error (define as true
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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

CE – 2010 CE – 2013
8. The table below given values of a function 12. Find the magnitude of the error (correct
F(x) obtained for values of x at intervals to two decimal places) in the estimation
of 0.25. of following integral using impson’s ⁄
x 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.0 Rule. Take the step length as 1.___________
F(x) 1 0.9412 0.8 0.64 0.50
∫ (x 0) dx
The value of the integral of the function
between the limits 0 to using impson’s
rule is CS – 2007
(A) 0.7854 (C) 3.1416 1. Consider the series =
(B) 2.3562 (D) 7.5000
= 0.5 obtained from the Newton-
CE 2011 Raphson method. The series converges to
9. The square root of a number N is to be (A) 1.5 (C) 1.6
obtained by applying the Newton (B) √2 (D) 1.4
Raphson iterations to the equation
CS – 2008
x = 0. If i denotes the iteration
2. The minimum number of equal length
index, the correct iteration scheme will be
subintervals needed to approximate
(A) x = (x ) 2
1
 xe dx
x
to an accuracy of at least 106
(B) x = (x ) 1 3
using the trapezoidal rule is
(C) x = (x )
(A) 1000e (C) 100e
(D) x = (x ) (B) 1000 (D) 100

3. The Newton-Raphson iteration

10. he error in f(x)| for a continuous
1 R
xn1   xn   can be used to compute
function estimated with h=0.03 using the 2 xn 
central difference formula the
( ) ( )
f(x)| = is 2 0 . (A) square of R
(B) reciprocal of R
The values of and ( ) are 19.78 and
(C) square root of R
500.01, respectively. The corresponding
(D) logarithm of R
error in the central difference estimate
for h = 0.02 is approximately
CS – 2010
(A) . 0 (C) .5 0
(B) .0 0 (D) .0 0 4. Newton-Raphson method is used to
compute a root of the equation
CE – 2012 x 13 = 0 with 3.5 as the initial value.
11. The estimate of ∫ .
.
obtained using The approximation after one iteration is
(A) 3.575 (C) 3.667
impson’s rule with three – point function (B) 3.677 (D) 3.607
evaluation exceeds the exact value by
(A) 0.235 (C) 0.024
(B) 0.068 (D) 0.012

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

CS – 2012 (B) Only II

5. The bisection method is applied to (C) Both I and II
compute a zero of the function (D) Neither I nor II
f(x) = x x x in the interval
[1,9]. The method converges to a solution 9. With respect to the numerical evaluation
after ___________ iterations. of the definite integral, = ∫ x dx
(A) 1 (C) 5 where a and b are given, which of the
(B) 3 (D) 7
following statements is/are TRUE?
(I) The value of K obtained using the
CS – 2013
trapezoidal rule is always greater
6. Function f is known at the following
then or equal to the exact value of
points:
the defined integral
x f(x)
(II) The value of K obtained using the
0 0
impson’s rule is always equal to the
0.3 0.09
exact value of the definite integral
0.6 0.36
(A) I only
0.9 0.81
(B) II only
1.2 1.44
(C) Both I and II
1.5 2.25
(D) Neither I nor II
1.8 3.24
2.1 4.41 ECE– 2005
2.4 5.76 1. Match the following and choose the
2.7 7.29 correct combination
3.0 9.00 Group I Group II
he value of ∫ f(x)dx computed using (A) Newton- 1. Solving non-
Raphson linear equations
the trapezpidal rule is method
(A) 8.983 (C) 9.017 (B) Runge-Kutta 2. Solving linear
(B) 9.003 (D) 9.045 method simultaneous
equations
CS – 2014
(C) impson’s 3. Solving ordinary
7. The function f(x) = x sin x satisfied the
Rule differential
following equation:
equations
( ) + f(x) + t cos x = 0.
(D) Gauss 4. Numerical
The value of t is _________.
elimination integration
method
8. In the Newton-Raphson method, an initial
5. Interpolation
guess of = 2 made and the sequence
6. Calculation of
x x x .. is obtained for the function
Eigen values
0.75x 2x 2x =0
(A) A-6, B-1, C-5, D-3
Consider the statements
(B) A-1, B-6, C-4, D-3
(I) x = 0.
(II) The method converges to a solution
(C) A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
in a finite number of iterations. (D) A-5, B-3, C-4, D-1
Which of the following is TRUE?
(A) Only I

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

ECE– 2007 (B) 2 x x . ..

2. The equation x3 x2+4x 4=0 is to be
solved using the Newton-Raphson (C) 2 x x . ..
method. If x=2 is taken as the initial (D) 2 x x . ..
approximation of the solution, then the
next approximation using this method
7. Match the application to appropriate
will be
numerical method.
(A) 2/3 (C) 1
(B) 4/3 (D) 3/2 Application Numerical
Method
ECE– 2008 P1:Numerical M1:Newton-
3. The recursion relation to solve x= integration Raphson Method
using Newton-Raphson method is P2:Solution to a M2:Runge-Kutta
(A) =e transcendental Method
(B) = e equation
eXn P3:Solution to a M : impson’s
(C) Xn1  1  Xn  system of linear 1/3-rule
1  eXn
equations
X2  eXn 1  Xn   1
(D) Xn1  n P4:Solution to a M4:Gauss
Xn -eXn differential equation Elimination
Method
ECE– 2011 (A) P1—M3, P2—M2, P3—M4, P4—M1
4. A numerical solution of the equation (B) P1—M3, P2—M1, P3—M4, P4—M2
f(x) = x √x = 0 can be obtained (C) P1—M4, P2—M1, P3—M3, P4—M2
using Newton – Raphson method. If the (D) P1—M2, P2—M1, P3—M3, P4—M4
starting value is x = 2 for the iteration,
the value of x that is to be used in the next 8. The series ∑ converges to
step is
(A) 2 ln 2 (C) 2
(A) 0.306 (C) 1.694 (D) e
(B) √2
(B) 0.739 (D) 2.306
EE– 2007
ECE– 2013
1. The differential equation = is
5. A polynomial
f(x) = a x a x a x a x a discretised using Euler’s numerical
with all coefficients positive has integration method with a time step
(A) No real root T > 0. What is the maximum permissible
(B) No negative real root value of T to ensure stability of the
(C) Odd number of real roots solution of the corresponding discrete
(D) At least one positive and one time equation?
negative real root (A) 1 (C)
(B) /2 (D) 2
ECE– 2014
EE– 2008
6. The Taylor expansion of sin x 2 cos x
2. Equation e = 0 is required to be
is
solved using ewton’s method with an
(A) 2 x x . .. initial guess x = . Then, after one

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

step of ewton’s method estimate x of EE– 2013

the solution will be given by 7. When the Newton – Raphson method is
(A) 0.71828 (C) 0.20587 applied to solve the equation
(B) 0.36784 (D) 0.00000 f(x) = x 2x = 0 the solution at the
end of the first iteration with the initial
3. A differential equation dx/dt = e u(t) guess value as x = .2 is
has to be solved using trapezoidal rule of (A) 0.82 (C) 0.705
integration with a step size h = 0.01 sec. (B) 0.49 (D) 1.69
Function u(t) indicates a unit step
function. If x(0)= 0, then value of x at EE– 2014
t = 0.01 s will be given by 8. The function ( ) = is to be
(A) 0.00099 (C) 0.0099 solved using Newton-Raphson method. If
(B) 0.00495 (D) 0.0198 the initial value of is taken as 1.0, then
the absolute error observed at 2nd
EE– 2009 iteration is ___________
4. Let x 7 = 0. The iterative steps for
the solution using Newton – aphson’s IN– 2006
method is given by 1. For k = 0 2 . the steps of
(A) x = (x ) Newton-Raphson method for solving a
non-linear equation is given as
(B) x =x
2 5
(C) x =x xk 1  xk  xK2 .
3 3
(D) x =x (x ) Starting from a suitable initial choice as k
tends to , the iterate tends to
(A) 1.7099 (C) 3.1251
EE– 2011
(B) 2.2361 (D) 5.0000
5. Solution of the variables and for the
following equations is to be obtained by IN– 2007
employing the Newton-Raphson iterative 2. Identify the Newton-Raphson iteration
method scheme for finding the square root of 2.
equation(i) 0x inx 0. = 0
(A) x = (x )
equation(ii) 0x 0x cosx 0. = 0
Assuming the initial values = 0.0 and (B) x = (x )
= .0 the jacobian matrix is
0 0. 0 0. (C) x =
(A) * + (C) * +
0 0. 0 0. (D) x = √2 x
0 0 0 0
(B) * + (D) * +
0 0 0 0
3. The polynomial p(x) = x + x + 2 has
(A) all real roots
6. Roots of the algebraic equation (B) 3 real and 2 complex roots
x x x = 0 are (C) 1 real and 4 complex roots
(A) ( ) (C) (0 0 0) (D) all complex roots
(B) ( j j) (D) ( j j)

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

IN– 2008 IN– 2013

4. It is known that two roots of the 8. While numerically solving the differential
nonlinear equation x3 – 6x2 +11x 6 = 0 equation 2xy = 0 y(0) = using
are 1 and 3. The third root will be
Euler’s predictor – corrector (improved
(A) j (C) 2
Euler – Cauchy )method with a step size
(B) j (D) 4
of 0.2, the value of y after the first step is
(A) 1.00 (C) 0.97
IN – 2009
(B) 1.03 (D) 0.96
5. The differential equation = with
x(0) = 0 and the constant 0 is to be IN– 2014
numerically integrated using the forward 9. The iteration step in order to solve for the
Euler method with a constant integration cube roots of a given number N using the
time step T. The maximum value of T such Newton- aphson’s method is
that the numerical solution of x converges (A) x =x ( x )
is
(C) (B) x = (2x )
(A)
(D) 2 (C) x =x ( x )
(B)
(D) x = (2x )
IN– 2010
6. The velocity v (in m/s) of a moving mass,
starting from rest, is given as =v t.
Using Euler’s forward difference method
(also known as Cauchy-Euler method)
with a step size of 0.1s, the velocity at 0.2s
evaluates to
(A) 0.01 m/s (C) 0.2 m/s
(B) 0.1 m/s (D) 1 m/s

IN– 2011
7. The extremum (minimum or maximum)
point of a function f(x) is to be
( )
determined by solving = 0 using the
Newton-Raphson method.
Let f(x) = x x and x = 1 be the initial
guess of x. The value of x after two
iterations (x ) is
(A) 0.0141 (C) 1.4167
(B) 1.4142 (D) 1.5000

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

Answer Keys and Explanations

ME y = sin ( ) =
1. [Ans. C] 2
( )
By N-R method , =x – x = y = sin ( ) = 0.70 0
( )
f(x) = x x 7 y = sin( ) = 0
 f( ) = 5
y = sin ( ) = 0.70 0
( )
x =x ( )
y = sin ( )=
 f (x) = x
f ( )= , 7
y = sin ( ) = 0.70 0
( )
 =1 = (0.5) = .5
y = sin ( )=0
2. [Ans. C] Trapezoidal rule
Given x y = 2 (i) ∫ f(x)dx = [(y y ) 2(y y
.0 x 0.0 y = b (ii)
y )]
Multiply 0.99 is equation (i) and subtract
∫ sinx dx = [(0 0) 2(0.70 0
from equation (ii); we get
( .0 0. )x = b (2 0. ) 0.70 0 0.70 0 0.70 0 0=0
0.02x = b .
0.02Δx = Δb 6. [Ans. B]
ower = ω = Area under the curve.
Δx = = 50 units h
0.02 = [(y y ) (y y y )

3. [Ans. D] 2(y y )]
= [(0 0) ( 0 0 55)
4. [Ans. B]
/ 2( 2 2 )]
Given f(x) = (x )
= 2.7 /unit cycle.
2
f (x) = (x )
Slope of tangent at point (0, 5) 7. [Ans. C]
2 x 1 2 3
m = (0 ) / = 1
y=
Slope of normal = 3 x 2
h
(∵ roduct of slopes = 1) ∫ dx = (y y y )
x
Slope of normal at point (0, 5)
y 5 = (x 0) = ( )
2
y= x 5
= .

5. [Ans. A]
8. [Ans. D]
b a 2 0
h= = = By the definition only
n
y = sin(0) = 0
y = sin ( ) = 0.70 0

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

9. [Ans. *] Range 1.10 to 1.12 By intermediate value theorem roots lie

be between 0 and 1.
∫ |x|dx is et x = rad = 57. 2
By Newton Raphson method
h f(x )
∫ ydx = [y 2(y y .) y ] x =x
2 f (x )
2x sin x 2 cos x
y y y y x =
5 2 sin x
x 1 0.33 0.33 1 x = 0.5 2
x = 0.5 25
y 1 0.33 0.333 1 x = 0.5 2
2
∫ |x|dx = [ 2(0. 0. )] 13. [Ans. D]
2
The variation in options are much, so it
= . 0 can be solved by integrating directly
dx
10. [Ans. *] Range 1.74 to 1.76 = t
dt
2.5 .
h= = 0. ∫ dx = ∫ ( t )dt
5
y 2y 2y 2y
∫ . ln (x)dx = [ 2y y
] . .
t
. Δx = t| = 2t t|
= [ln(2.5) 2(ln2. ) 2 ln( . ) 2
2ln( . ) 2ln( .7) ln( )] Δx = 0.0 0. = 0.
= .75
CE
11. [Ans. *]Range 1.1 to 1.2 1. [Ans. C]
To calculate using N-R method
∫ dx by trapezoidal rule
x
Set up the equation as x =
rapezoidal rule
i.e. = a
∫ f(x)dx = [y y 2(y y ..y )]
a=0
h= iven in question
0 1 2 i.e. f(x) = a=0
x 1 2 3 Now f (x) =
y 1 0.5 0.33
f(x ) = a

∫ dx = [y y 2(y )] f (x ) =
x 2
For N-R method
= [ 0. 2 0.5] x =x
( )
2 ( )
= . ( )
x =x
12. [Ans. *] Range 0.53 to 0.56
Let f(x) = 5x 2 cos x Simplifying which we get
f (x) = 5 2 sin x x = 2x ax
f(0) = f( ) = 2.

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

2. [Ans. B] f(x )
x =x
For a = 7 iteration equation f (x )
Becomes x = 2x 7x (x x )
=x
with x = 0.2 ( x )
x = 2x 7x = 2× 0.2 – 7(0.2) = 0.12 x x x x
and x = 2x 7x = 2× 0.12 7(0. 2) =
( x )
= 0.1392 2x
x =
x
3. [Ans. A]
f(x) = 1, 4, 15 at x = 0, 1 and 2
5. [Ans. A]
respectively
Given
∫ f(x)dx = (f 2f f ) x – 10 x + 31x 30 = 0
(3 points Trapezoidal Rule) One root = 5
Here h = 1 Let the roots be α β and γ of equation
∫ f(x)dx = (1 + 2(4) + 15) = 12 ax + bx + cx + d = 0
Approximate value by rapezoidal ule αβγ=
= 12 and α β βγ γα =
Since f(x) is second degree polynomial, let ( )
α βγ = 5 βγ = = 30
f(x) = a0 + a x + a x
f(0) = 1  βγ = (i)
a 0 0= Also
a = αβ βγ γα = 5β βγ 5γ = =
f(1) = 4  5 (β γ) βγ =
a a a = ince βγ = from (i)
 1+ a a = 5 (β γ) =
a a = β γ=5
 f(2) = 15 βγ =
a 2a a = 5 olving for β and γ
 2a a = 5 β (5 β) =
 2a a = β 5β =0
Solving (i) and (ii) a = and a =  β = 2 and γ =
f(x) = 1 – x + 4 x Alternative method
Now exact value ∫ f(x)dx 5 1 0 31 0
0 5 25 30
=∫ ( x x )dx
1 5 6 0
= *x + = (x 5)(x 5x )=0
Error = exact – Approximate value (x 5)(x 2)(x )=0
x=2 5
= 2=

4. [Ans. A ] 6. [Ans. D]
Y = a + bx
Given f(x) = x x =0
Given
f (x) = x
n= ∑x = ∑y = 2 ∑x = 14
Newton – Raphson formula is
and ∑xy =

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

Normal equations are 9. [Ans. A]

∑y = na b∑x f(x )
x =x
∑xy = a∑x b∑x f(x )
Substitute the values and simply x
=x ( )
a= b=2 2x
x
= = [x ]
7. [Ans. A] 2x 2 x
The equation is
5x + y + 2z = 34 10. [Ans. D]
0x + 4y – 3z = 12 Error in central difference formula is
and 10x – 2y + z = (h)
The augmented matrix for gauss This means, error
elimination is If error for h = 0.03 is 2 0
5 2 then
[0 | 2] Error for h = 0.02 is approximately
0 2 (0.02)
Since in the first column maximum 2 0 0
(0.0 )
element in absolute value is 10 we need
to exchange row 1 with row 3 11. [Ans. D]
5 2 ( )
0 2 .
[0 | 2] → [0 | 2] Exact value of ∫ . dx = .0
0 2 5 2 Using impson’s rule in three – point
So the pivot for eliminating x is a = 10
form,
Now we eliminate x using this pivot
b a .5 0.5
as follows : h= = = 0.5
n 2
0 2
So,
[0 | 2]
5 2 x 0.5 1 1.5
5 y 2 1 0.67
0 2
0 ∫ = [ ]
→ [0 2]
0 2 /2 0.5
= [2 0. 7 ]
Now to eliminate y, we need to compare
the elements in second column at and = .
below the diagonal element Since a = 4 So, the estimate exceeds the exact value by
is already larger in absolute value Approximate value – Exact value
compares to a = 2 = 1.1116 1.0986
The pivot element for eliminating y is =0.012(approximately)
a = 4 itself.
12. [Ans. *](Range 0.52 to 0.55)
The pivots for eliminating x and y are
Using impson’s ule
respectively 10 and 4
X 0 1 2 3 4
Y 10 11 26 91 266
8. [Ans. A]
I = h(f f 2f f f ) ∫ (x 0)dx

= 0.25( 0. 2 2 = [( 0 2 ) 2(2 ) ( )]
0. 0. 0.5) = 2 5.
= 0.7 5 The value of integral

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

x = = 1000 e
∫ (x 0) dx = * 0x+ ( )/
5
3. [Ans. C]
= 0 =2 .
5 x = (x )
Magnitude of error
= 2 5. 2 . = 0.5 At convergence
x =x =α
CS α= (α )
1. [Ans. A] 2α=α+
Given x = + , x = 0.5
2α =
when the series converges x =x =α
2α = α + R
α= +
α =R
α= α=√
8α = 4α +9 So this iteration will compute the square
root of R
α =
α = = 1.5 4. [Ans. D]
y=x
2. [Ans. A] dy
= 2x
Here, the function being integrated is dx
f(x)= x
f(x) = xe
.
f (x) = xe + e = e (x + 1) x = .5
.
f’ (x) = xe + e + e = e (x + 2) = . 07
Since, both are increasing
functions of x, maximum value of f ( ) in 5. [Ans. B]
interval 1 2, occurs at = 2 so f( ) = 5
max |f ( )| =e (2 2) = e f( ) = 5 72 = 57 7 0
Truncation Error for trapezoidal rule f( ) 0 f( ) 0
= TE (bound) x =( )=5 f(x ) 0
2
= max |f ( )|
oot lies between and
Where is number of subintervals
x =( )=2 f(x ) 0
= 2
After ' ' interations we get the root
= max |f ( )|
6. [Ans. D]
= (b – a) max |f ( )| 1 2
h
= (2 – 1) [e (2 + 2)] ∫ f(x)dx = [f(0) f( ) 2(∑f )]
2
= e . 0 2(0.0 0.
= [ ]
Now putting = 0 0. . . 7.2 )
( )
.
= [ 5 . ]
=
= 9.045
h=
Now, No. of intervals, =

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

7. [Ans. – ] 8 4
x1  2  
Given (x) + f(x) + t cos x = 0 12 3
and f(x) = x sin x
f (x) = x cos x + sin x 3. [Ans. C]
f (x) = x ( sin x) + cos x + cos x Given : f(x)= x e
= 2 cos x – x sin x By Newton Raphson method,
= 2 cos x – f (x) f(x ) x e
x =x =x
2 cos x – f (x) + f(x) +t cos x = 0 f (x ) e
2 cos x = tcos x t = 2 e xn
 1  x n 
1  exn
8. [Ans. A]
f(x) = 0.75x 2x 2x 4. [Ans. C]
f (x) = 2.25x x 2 f(x )
x =2 f = 2 f = x =x
f (x )
f f(2) = (2 ) = √2 and
x =x =0 √2
f √
f = f = 2 f (2) = =
√ √
f x =2
(√ )
= .
x =x =2 √
f √

f = 2 f =
f 5. [Ans. D]
x =x =0 f(x) = a x a x a x a x a
f
Also, root does not lies between 0 and 1 If the above equation have complex roots,
So, the method diverges if x = 2 then they must be in complex conjugate
nly ( )is true. pair, because it’s given all co-efficients are
positive ( they are real )
9. [Ans. C] So if complex roots are even no. (in pair)
For value of K if trapezoidal rule is used then real roots will also be even.
then the value is either greater than ption ( )is wrong
actual value of definite integral and if From the equation
impson’s rule is used then value is exact roduct of roots = ( 0)
Hence both statements are TRUE As no. of roots = 4,
Product of roots < 1
ECE
either one root 0
1. [Ans. C]
(or)
By definition (& the application) of
Product of three roots < 0
various methods
ption ( )is rong.
2. [Ans. B] Now, take option (A),
y(t) =x3 x2 + 4x 4=0 Let us take it is correct .
x0 = 2 Roots are in complex conjugate pairs
f  x0  =
Next approximation x1  x0 
f ' x0 
Product of roots
0
x03  x02  4x0  4 | | | | 0 which is not possible
x1  x0 
3x02  2x0  4 ption (A) is wrong
orrect answer is option ( )
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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

6. [Ans. A] Now put i=0

sin x 2 cos x ( )
x =
x x
= (x – ) 2( – ) Put x = as given,
2
x = [e ( 2) ]/e
= 0.71828
7. [Ans. B]

8. [Ans. D] 3. [Ans. C]
=e u(t)
∑ = . .. = e
n 2 x
x x
as e = . . . x in
2

EE t
1. [Ans. D] x = ∫ e u(t) dt = ∫ f(t) dt
Here, = At t = 0.01, x = Area of trapezoidal
.
x = [f(0) f(0.0 )] = [ e .
]
f(x y) =
= 0.0099
Euler’s method equation is
x = x h. f(x y )
4. [Ans. A]
x ( )
x = x h( ) x =x
( )
h h
x =( )x = x
h = *x +
or stability | |
h 5. [Ans. B]
u(x x ) = 0x sin x 0. = 0
since h = Δ here v(x x ) = 0x 0x cosx 0. = 0
Δ
The Jacobian matrix is
u u
Δ 2
x x
o maximum permissible value of Δ is 2 .
v v
[ x x ]
2. [Ans. A]
Here f(x) = e 0x cos x 0sinx
=[ ]
0x sinx 20x 0cosx
f (x) = e
The Newton Raphson iterative equation is The matrix at x = 0 x = is
( )
x =x 0 0
( ) =* +
0 0
f(x ) = e
f’(x ) = e 6. [Ans. D]
x =x x x x =0
–( ) (x )(x )=0
i.e. x =
x =0 x =0
( )
= x= x= j

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

7. [Ans. C] Hence, it will have atleast 5 (0+1)= 4

f(x ) complex roots.
x =x
f (x )
( .2) 2( .2) 4. [Ans. C]
= .2 Approach- 1
( .2) 2
= 0.705 Given, x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6 = 0
Or (x – 1)(x – 3)(x – 2) = 0
8. [Ans. *] Range 0.05 to 0.07 x= 1, 2, 3.
Clearly, x = 0 is root of the equation
f(x) = e =0 Approach- 2
f (x) = e and x = .0 For ax3 +bx2 + cx +d = 0
Using ewton raphson method If the three roots are p,q,r then
f(x ) (e . ) Sum of the roots= p+q+r= b/a
x =x = = Product of the roots= pqr= d/a
f (x ) e. e
pq+qr+rp=c/a
f(x ) (e )
and x = x =
f (x ) e e 5. [Ans. D]
dx x
= =
e
e dt
= 0. 7 0. = 0.0 f(x, y) =
Absolute error at 2nd itteration is x
x =x h (x y ) = x h( )
|0 0.0 | = 0.0
h h
=( )x ( )
IN
1. [Ans. A] h
or stability | |
As k ∞ xk+1 ≈xk
h
xk = x x
x = x Δ

x =5
Δ 2
/
x =5 = 1.70
6. [Ans. A]
2. [Ans. A] dv
Assume x = √ =v t
dt
f(x) = x =0 t v dv
=v t
f(x ) 2 dt
x =x = [x ] 0 0 0 0+0 0. = 0
f (x ) 2 x
0.1 0 0+0.1 0. = 0.0
3. [Ans. C]
Given p(x) = x + x + 2 7. [Ans. C]
There is no sign change, hence at most 0 f(x) = x x
positive root ( rom escarte’s rule of f (x) = x = g(x)
signs) x = initial guess
p( x) = x x+2 g (x) = x
g (x )
There is one sign change, hence at most 1 x =x
negative root ( rom escarte’s rule of g (x )
signs)
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 GATE QUESTION BANK Mathematics

( )
= = .5
g(x )
x =x
g (x )
0.75
= .5
= . 7

8. [Ans. D]
dy
= 2xy x = 0 y = h = 0.2
dx
y =y h. f(x y )
= (0.2)f(0 ) =
and y = y [f(x y ) f(x y )]
= (0. )[f(0 ) f(0.2 )]
= 0.
is the value of y after first step, using
Euler’s predictor – corrector method

9. [Ans. B]
For convergence
x = x =x x= (2x )
x
x = x= √

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