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P: It Is Below Freezing. Q: It Is Snowing

The document contains examples of logical propositions using variables and logical connectives. It provides truth tables to determine if conditional statements are tautologies. It also asks to show if certain logical statements are logically equivalent using truth tables and logical equivalences.

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Shantala Giraddi
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190 views2 pages

P: It Is Below Freezing. Q: It Is Snowing

The document contains examples of logical propositions using variables and logical connectives. It provides truth tables to determine if conditional statements are tautologies. It also asks to show if certain logical statements are logically equivalent using truth tables and logical equivalences.

Uploaded by

Shantala Giraddi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Let p and q be the propositions


p : It is below freezing.
q : It is snowing.
Write these propositions using p and q and logical connectives
(including negations).
a) It is below freezing and snowing.
b) It is below freezing but not snowing.
c) It is not below freezing and it is not snowing.
d) It is either snowing or below freezing (or both).
e) If it is below freezing, it is also snowing.
f ) Either it is below freezing or it is snowing, but it is
not snowing if it is below freezing.
g) That it is below freezing is necessary and sufficient
for it to be snowing.
Let p and q be the propositions “Swimming at the New
Jersey shore is allowed” and “Sharks have been spotted
near the shore,” respectively. Express each of these compound
propositions as an English sentence.
a) ￢q b) p ∧ q c) ￢p ∨ q
d) p →￢q e) ￢q → p f ) ￢p →￢q
g) p ↔￢q h) ￢p ∧ (p∨ ￢q)
Construct a truth table for each of these compound propositions.
a) p ∧￢p b) p ∨￢p
c) (p ∨￢q) → q d) (p ∨ q) → (p ∧ q)
e) (p → q) ↔ (￢q →￢p)
f ) (p → q) → (q → p)
State the converse, contrapositive, and inverse of each of
these conditional statements.
a) If it snows today, I will ski tomorrow.
b) I come to class whenever there is going to be a quiz.
c) A positive integer is a prime only if it has no divisors
other than 1 and itself.
11 Show that each of these conditional statements is a tautology
by using truth tables.
a) (p ∧ q) → p b) p → (p ∨ q)
c) ￢p → (p → q) d) (p ∧ q) → (p → q)
e) ￢(p → q) → p f ) ￢(p → q)→￢q
12 Show that each of these conditional statements is a tautology
by using truth tables.
a) [￢p ∧ (p ∨ q)] → q
b) [(p → q) ∧ (q → r)] → (p → r)
c) [p ∧ (p → q)] → q
d) [(p ∨ q) ∧ (p → r) ∧ (q → r)] → r
14 Determine whether (￢p ∧ (p → q))→￢q is a tautology.

15 Determine whether (￢q ∧ (p → q))→￢p is a tautology.


31 Show that (p → q) → r and p → (q → r) are not logically
equivalent.
33 Show that (p → q) → (r → s) and (p → r) →
(q → s) are not logically equivalent.
Page 19. Showthat￢p ↔ q and p ↔￢q are logically equivalent.
35
20. Show that ￢(p ⊕ q) and p ↔ q are logically equivalent.
21. Show that ￢(p ↔ q) and ￢p ↔ q are logically equivalent.

22. Showthat (p → q) ∧ (p → r) and p → (q ∧ r) are logically


equivalent.
23. Show that (p → r) ∧ (q → r) and (p ∨ q) → r are logically
equivalent.

24. Showthat (p → q) ∨ (p → r) and p → (q ∨ r) are logically


equivalent.
25. Show that (p → r) ∨ (q → r) and (p ∧ q) → r are logically
equivalent.

26. Showthat￢p → (q → r) and q → (p ∨ r) are logically


equivalent.
27. Show that p ↔ q and (p → q) ∧ (q → p) are logically
equivalent.

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