The Resistor: The Carbon Type Resistor:: Mcast Eei NDE1: Unit 35 Electronics Applications 1
The Resistor: The Carbon Type Resistor:: Mcast Eei NDE1: Unit 35 Electronics Applications 1
• Electrical component which does the function of resistance in electrical and electronics circuits
• The Carbon type resistor:
– Mixture of fine carbon powder (fair electrical conductor) and non‐conductive powder formed into a
cylinder, and wire leads inserted at the ends
– Final resistance value depends upon the ratio of the mixture.
– High range of values can be made
• Wire‐wound resistor:
– Length of fairly conductive wire is wound around a cylinder in the form of a coil
– Resistance value depends upon type of material, wire c.s.a. (gauge) and length
– Advantage: More precise in value. Can handle more power
– Disadvantage: Can act like an inductor. Limited to lower resistance values
• Film type resistor:
– Carbon/non‐conductive material mixture applied as a film (coat) on a cylinder made of an insulating
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substance (e.g. porcelain)
– More precise than carbon resistor
• Surface Mount Technology (SMT) resistor:
– A very small resistor used in today’s high technology electronics, made up of semi‐conductor
material.
– Very small in physical size, ranging from 1 to 2mm maximum
Metal Film
type
yp
SMT
SMT
resistor
MCAST EEI NDE1: Unit 35 ‐ Electronics Applications 2
Variable Resistors:
• By turning a shaft or a screw the value of this resistor can be
By turning a shaft or a screw the value of this resistor can be
varied
• A resistive strip is bent into a nearly complete circle and
terminals connected to either end to form a fixed resistance
• A sliding contact is attached to a rotatable shaft and is
connected to a third terminal in the middle
• Resistance between the middle terminal and either of the end
terminals can vary from 0Ω up to the whole resistance value
of the resistive strip
X Y Z
• Some variable resistors use a straight strip of resistive X Z Y
material and the control is moved up/down or from side to
material, and the control is moved up/down or from side to
Preset
side
• Various names for variable resistors:
– Potentiometer: A variable resistor which can handle little
Potentiometer: A variable resistor which can handle little
currents Potentiometer Z
– Rheostat: This type can handle much more current. The X Y
resistive element is usually wire‐wound Multi‐turn preset
– Preset: Variation is done by turning a screw with a screw‐
driver. Normally used for calibration purposes
The E6, E12, and E24 series
High power resistor
Hi h it
marking
Carbon/metal film
marking
SMT resistor
marking
MCAST EEI NDE1: Unit 35 ‐ Electronics Applications 6
How to read or get a resistor value?
• The best and most effective way of getting
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the value of a resistor is by using a
measuring instrument called ohm‐meter
• However the marking can be used to
determine the resistor value
determine the resistor value.
Resistor Colour Coding:
• Coloured bands on a resistor indicate the
Coloured bands on a resistor indicate the
value and the tolerance
• Three, four or five band resistors exist
• More bands could exist which indicate the
percentage that the value might change in
1000 hours of use
• Resistors with axial leads, bands are
arranged as shown in the top figure on the
arranged as shown in the top figure on the
right
• Resistors with radial leads, bands are
arranged as shown in the bottom figure on
the right
the right
• In the next page you have a table which
gives the code for each colour and how the
coding on the resistor is read
T l
Tolerance is ±20% if no tolerance Band is shown !!
i ±20% if t l B di h !!
MCAST EEI NDE1: Unit 35 ‐ Electronics Applications 8
Resistors with axial leads:
• The body centre colour of the component 2nd Digit 3rd Digit
and the band on the left represent the first
2 digits of the value
• The colour of the dot represent the
The colour of the dot represent the
multiplier
• The band on the right represent the
tolerance 1st Digit Tolerance
• The dot is not centred so that one could
define the bands on the edges
SMT resistors:
• These resistors are so small that it is
These resistors are so small that it is
impossible to use the colour coding system
• Instead, the value is directly indicated with
numbers.
• The first 2 or 3 numbers give the first 2 or 3
digits of the value. The last digit will give the
multiplier value. You can interpret the
multiplier value as ‘number
multiplier value as number of zeros
of zeros’
following the first group of digits.