MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

Topic outlines:
4.1 Matrices
4.2 Determinant of matrices
4.3 Inverse matrices
4.4 System of linear equations with three variables

4.1 MATRICES

4.1.1 Matrix Definition

A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers enclosed between brackets. The general form of a matrix
with m rows and n columns :

é a11 a12 a13 ! a1n ù

êa a 22 a 23 ! a 2 n úú
ê 21
ê a31 a32 a33 ! a3n ú
ê ú
ê " " " " " ú
êëa m1 am2 a m3 ! a mn úû

- The order or dimension of a matrix with m rows and n columns is m x n.

- The numbers that makes up a matrix are called its entries or elements, and they are specified by
their row and column position.
- The matrix for which the entry is in ith row and jth column is denoted by aij.

Example 1:

Let A = é 5 6
1ù
ê 2ú
ê- 2 3 - 7ú
ë û

(a) What is the order of A? (b) If A = [ aij] identify a21 and a13

Example 2:
ì ij i£ j
Given A = éë aij ùû 3´3 , find matrix A if aij = í
î2 j + i i > j

4.1.2 Type of Matrices

 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

Type Definition Example

1. Row matrix (1xn) matrix (one row) A = [1 2 3]
A = [a11 a12 a13 ... a1n ] B = [1 0 7 8 4 3 5]
2. Column matrix (mx1) matrix (one column)
é a11 ù é 2ù
êa ú ê 3ú
é0 ù
ê 21 ú A=ê ú , B=ê ú
A = ê a31 ú ë - 4û ê5 ú
ê ú ê ú
ê ... ú ë7 û
ê a n1 ú
ë û
3. Square matrix (nxn) matrix which has the é1 3ù
same number of rows and A= ê ú
columns. ë1 8û
é1 3 2 ù
B = ê 3 1 2ú
ê ú
êë2 3 1úû

4. Zero matrix (mxn) matrix which every é0 0 0 ù é0 0 ù

entry is zero, and all entries O=ê ú , O = ê0 0 ú
denoted by 0. ê0 0 0 ú ê ú
êë0 0 0úû êë0 0úû
5. Diagonal matrix A square matrix which é 2 0ù é1 0 0ù
non-diagonal entries are all A = ê 0 3 ú , B = ê0 2 0 ú
é a11 a12 a13 ! a1m ù ë û ê ú
zero is called a diagonal
êa a22 a23 ! a2 m úú ëê0 0 3ûú
ê 21 matrix.
Let A = ê a31 a32 a33 ! a3m ú é a 0 0ù
ê
ê " " " " " ú
ú C = êê0 0 0úú
êëam1 am 2 am 3 ! amm úû êë0 0 búû

The diagonal entries of A are a11,a22

,….,amm
6. Identity matrix A diagonal matrix where
é1 0 0ù
all its diagonal entries are 1 I2X2 = é1 0ù , I3X3 = ê0 1 0 ú
ê0 1 ú
and denoted by I. ë û ê ú
êë0 0 1úû
7. Lower Triangular Matrix A square matrix and aij = 0
for i < j A= é1 0 0ù
é a11 a12 a13 ù ê3 2 0ú
ê ú
êa ú
ê 21 a22 a23 ú ëê3 2 3úû
êëa31 a32 a33 úû
8. Upper Triangular Matrix A square matrix and aij = 0 é1 2 3ù
é a11 a12 a13 ù for i > j P = ê0 2 4 ú
ê ú
êa ú
ê 21 a22 a23 ú ëê0 0 3ûú
êëa31 a32 a33 úû

4.1.3 Operations on Matrices

1) Addition and Substraction of Matrices

The addition or subtraction of two

Note matrices with different orders is not
defined.
 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

For m x n matrices A = a ij and B = bij

A + B = C , where aij + bij = cij
A – B = D , where aij - bij = d ij

Example 3:

Given matrices A =
é1 2ù , é 4 3ù and é1 ù
ê ú B=ê ú C = ê ú , find
ë3 4û ë - 5 6û ë2û

(a) A+B (b) A–B (c) A+C

2) Scalar Multiplication

For m x n matrices, if c is a scalar and A = a ij and B = bij , then

cA = B , where caij = bij .

Example 4:

é 2 -4 ù
1
Given A = êê 8 5 úú , find - A
2
êë -6 7 úû

Example 5 :

é1 4ù é3 6ù
Let A = ê ú and B = ê ú , calculate 3A – 2B.
ë5 3û ë4 2û

1. A + B = B + A (Commutative) 5.a ( A + B) = aA + aB
Properties 2.( A + B) + C = A + (B + C ) (Associative)
3.A + (- A) = (- A) + A = 0 (O - zero matrix) 6.a ( bA) = (ab ) A
4.(a + b ) A = aA + bA
a , b - constant

3) Multiplication of Matrices

The product of two matrices A and B is defined only when the number of columns in A is equal to the
number of rows in B. If order of A is m x n and the order of B is n x p, then AB has order m x p.

Am´n Bn´p ® ABm´ p The order of the product is m x p

 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

If,
R = [a1 a2 a3 ! an ] and é b1 ù , then RC = [a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3 ! + anbn ]
êb ú
ê 2ú
C = êb3 ú
ê ú
ê!ú
êëbn úû

Example 6 :

é 2 1ù
Find é 1 2 3ù ê ú
ê - 2 0 5 ú ê - 3 4ú
ë û
ëê 2 1úû

Example 7:

é - 1 2ù é2 - 1ù
Let A=ê ú and B = ê ú , show that AB ¹ BA .
ë 3 4û ë3 2 û

Properties
1. A(BC ) = ( AB )C (Associative)
2. A(B + C ) = AB + AC (Distributive)

4) Equality of matrices

Two matrices are equal if they have the same dimension and their corresponding entries are equal.

Example 8:

Which matrices below are the same?

Example 9 : é1 é1 2ù
2ù é1 2 ù
A=ê B = [1 2] C = êê2 1 úú D=ê
ë2 1 úû ú
ë2 1 û
ê 14úû
é3 - a 6 4ù é 9 6ë-2c ù
Let A = ê and B = ê . If A = B, find the value of a, b, c and d.
ë 8 4b 2úû ë2 - 3d - 8 2úû
 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

5) Transpose Matrix

Definition

The transpose of a matrix A , written as AT, is the matrix obtained by interchanging the rows and
columns of A. That is, the i th column of AT is the i th row of A for all i’s. If Amxn = [aij], then
ATnxm = [aji].
é a11 a12 a13 ù é a11 a21 a31 ù
ê ú A = êêa12 a22 a32 úú
A = ê a21 a22 a23 ú T

êë a31 a32 a33 úû 3´3 êëa13 a23 a33 úû 3´3

Example 10:

é 2ù é1 3 3 ù
If B = ê1ú , find B T . If D = ê2 5 4ú , find D T .
ê ú ê ú
êë3úû 3´1 êë1 3 5úû

Example 11:

If é1 2ù , é 3 4 ù and é 1 4 ù , show that

A=ê ú B=ê ú C=ê ú
ë3 4 û ë 2 1û ë 3 2û

(a) (A + B )T = AT + BT (b) (BC)T = CTBT

1. (A ± B)T = AT ± BT
Properties 2. (AT)T = A
3. (AB)T = BTAT
4. (kA)T = kAT , k is a scalar

6) Symmetric Matrix

A square matrix, A = [ aij ]nxn, is symmetric if it is equal to its own transpose, A = AT that is aij = aji

é1 2 ù T é1 2 ù é 1 a - bù é 1 a - bù
A=ê ú , A = ê 2 3ú B = ê a 3 c ú , B = êê a 3 c úú
ê ú T
ë 2 3û ë û
êë- b c 2 úû êë- b c 2 úû
Example 12:

é1 2ù T
Given A = ê T
ú , find A . Hence, prove that AA is a symmetric matrix.
ë3 4 û

7) Skew Symmetric Matrix

 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

A square matrix, A = [ aij ]nxn, is a skew symmetric matrix if A = -AT .

aij = - a ji where i ¹ j and aii = 0

é0 2 - 1ù é 0 -2 1 ù
ê
B = ê- 2 0 3 ú , B = êê 2
ú T
0 - 3úú = - B
êë 1 - 3 0 úû êë- 1 3 0 úû

4.2 DETERMINANT OF MATRICES

2x2 matrices

Determinant
of A

3x3 matrices

4.2.1 Determinant of 2x2 matrices

Consider A = éa b ù , the determinant of A is A = a b = ad – bc.

êc d ú c d
ë û
Example 13 :

é 2 5ù é3 2 ù
Given A = ê ú and B = ê ú . Find A, AB .
ë 3 8û ë5 2û

4.2.2 Determinant of 3x3 matrices

[ ]
Let A be m x m matrix , A = aij ,

AND

NOTE !
é + m11 -m12 + m13 ù
cofactor matrix : C = êê -m21 +m22 -m23 úú
êë + m31 -m32 + m33 úû
 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

Example 14 :

é1 2 - 1ù
Let A = êê3 4 2 úú , find minors and cofactors of a11, a21, a12
..
êë1 4 3 úû

Expansion of Cofactors

[ ]n´n
For any matrix A = aij , the A is obtained by summing up the product of each element of
certain row or column by its cofactor.

a a a

A = a11c11 + a12c12 + a13c13 A = a11c11 + a21c21 + a31c31

A = a11m11 - a12 m12 + a13m13 A = a11m11 - a21m21 + a31m31

Example 15 :

é3 - 1 4 ù
Let A = ê1 - 2 7 ú , find A by expanding along:
ê ú
êë5 - 1 10úû
(a) second row (b) first column

Example 16 :
é 2 -5 1 ù
Find the determinant of A = ê -3 0 1 ú by using expansion of the cofactors.
ê ú
êë 2 5 -4úû
 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

Example 17 :
æ 1 6 4ö
ç ÷
Given matrix A = ç 2 7 3 ÷ , find
ç8 9 5÷
è ø
(a) a11, a 21, a 31 (b) m11 , m21, m31 (c) c11, c21, c31

Hence, find det (A).

Now, consider determinant of a 2 x 2 matrix

Determinant of a 2 x 2 matrix by expansion along first row

a b
A= = a11c11 + a12 c12 = ad - bc
c d

The formulae of determinant of 2 x 2 matrix is determine from the expansion of cofactor.

4.2.3 Properties of Determinant

Properties Example
1. If the elements of one row (or one column) of 1 2 5 0
a determinant are zero, then the value of the e.g. =0-0=0 =0-0=0
determinant is zero. 0 0 3 0

2. If two rows (or two columns) of a determinant

2 1
are interchanged then the value of the Intechanging columns : =6-4=2
determinant is multiplied by (-1). 4 3
1 2 3 4
e.g. = 4 - 6 = -2 Intechanging rows : =6-4=2
3 4 1 2
 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

3. The determinant of a matrix A and its

transpose A T are equal: |A| = |A T| 1 2 1 -1
1 2 = =2
e.g. = 0 - (-2) = 2 -1 0 2 0
-1 0
4. If the elements of one row (or one column) of
a determinant are multiplied by k, then the 2 3 2 3
value of the resulting determinant is k times =4 = 20
-4 4 -1 1
the given determinant.
2 3
e.g. = 8 - (-12) = 20
-4 4

5. If two rows (or two columns) of a matrix are

equal then it has zero determinant. 1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 =0
5 6 4 6 4 5
e.g. 4 5 6 = 1 -2 +3 1 2 3
2 3 1 3 1 2
1 2 3

6. If one row (or column) of a determinant is a 1 2 3 1 2 3

multiple of another row (or column) then the
4 5 6 = 3 4 5 6 = 3(0) = 0
value of the determinant is zero.
3 6 9 1 2 3
7. If we add (or subtract) a multiple of one row
(or column) to another, the value of the 3 2
Given , add (2 ´ row 1) to (row 2)
determinant is unchanged. 0 1
3 2 3 2 3 2
e.g. = 3-0 = 3 = =3
0 1 6 + 0 4 +1 6 5
8. The determinant of a lower triangular matrix,
1 2 3
an upper triangular matrix or a diagonal
matrix is the product of the elements on the 0 5 6 = 5(1)(3) = 15
leading diagonal. 0 0 3
1 2 3
5 6 0 6 0 5 2 0 0
e.g. 0 5 6 = 1 -2 +3
0 3 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 = 2(4)(3) = 24
0 0 3
0 0 3

2 0 0
4 0 0 0 0 4
0 4 0 =2 -0 +0
0 3 0 3 0 0
0 0 3

9. The determinant of a product of two matrices

A and B is equal to the product of their
determinants : |AB| = |A||B|
é 1 - 2ù é 2 0ù
e.g. Given A = ê ú and B = ê ú.
ë3 4û ë- 1 1û
é 1 - 2ù é 2 0ù é 4 - 2ù
AB = ê ´ =
ë3 4úû êë- 1 1úû êë2 4úû
 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

Example 18 :

Use the properties of determinants to find the value of x.

1 0 3 1 2 1 1 0 2 1 -2 2
a) 2 1 2 = 0 1 x b) - 2 1 - 1 = - 2 5 -1
1 2 4 3 2 4 1 3 3 1 x 3

2 - 1 19 2:
Example -x 4 -4 2 -1 2
c) 1 3 -2 = 1 3 -2 d) 0 x -2 =6
4 2 1 1 - 2 6 3x 3 0 0 1
Given that 2 4 - 1 = 9.
1 5 -2
2 -4 6 2 -2 9
a) 2 4 -1 b) 4 4 -3
1 5 -2 2 5 -6

Example 20 :

Given that A = 3 and B = -5, find

(a) AB (b) B 2 (c) BA 2 (d) AT B T

4.3 INVERSE MATRICES

 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

Methods to obtain inverse of a matrix

Elementary Row
Adjoint method Use the property Operations (ERO)

A -1 =
1
A
Adj( A) AB = kI [A I ] ® [I A ] -1

A. Adjoint Method

Steps of working solution:

1
Find the determinant Find the adjoint A -1 = Adj( A)
matrix A

1. Find the point(s) of intersection and

Note2.1: Sketch both functions on the same axes. Note 2:
3. Determine the upper function, and the lower function,
If A4.¹ 0Substitute into the formula of area. Adjoint of matrix A:
Ø A is non-singular matrix Adj ( A) = cij[ ]
T

Ø Inverse matrix exist • Where cij[ ] is the transpose of cofactor

T

If A = 0 matrix

Ø A is a singular matrix Cofactor of matrix A:

cij = (- 1) mij
Ø Inverse of A does not exist i+ j

é + m11 - m12 + m13 ù

[ ]
cij = êê- m21 + m22 - m23 úú
êë+ m31 - m32 + m33 úû

Example 21 :
 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

é3 1 ù
Find the adjoint matrix A = ê ú . Hence, find the inverse of A.
ë5 4 û
Example 22 :

é1 3 2ù
ê
Find the adjoint of matrix B = 0 2 2úú . Hence, find the inverse of B.
ê
êë- 2 - 1 0úû

Example 23 :

Find the inverse of the following matrices by using adjoint method:

é3 0 0ù
é 3 4ù
a) A = ê ú b) B = êê0 2 0úú
ë - 5 4û êë0 0 1úû

B. Use The Property

If AB = BA = I , so B = A -1 and A = B -1
Hence, if AB = kI
1 1
Then A-1 = B and also B -1 = A
k k

Properties of Inverse Matrix:

 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

(A )
-1 -1
=A ( AB )-1 = B -1 A -1

(A )
T -1
( )
= A -1
T
A -1 =
1
A
AI = AI = A A-1 A = I

Example 24 :

é1 2 3 ù é 1 1 - 1ù
ê ú
Given A = 2 3 4 and B = - 10 4 ê 2 úú . It is known that AB = kI , k is a constant, I is
ê ú ê
êë1 5 7úû êë 7 - 3 1 úû
3´ 3 identify matrix. Find k and hence deduce A -1 .

Example 25 :

é1 1 2ù
Given A = ê 0 2 2úú . Find A 2 - 6 A + 11I , with I is an identity matrix 3´ 3 . Show that
ê
êë- 1 1 3úû
(
A A2 - 6 A + 11I ) = 6I . Hence, deduce A -1

Example 26 :

é3 1 1ù
Given A = ê1 3 1ú . Find the values of m and n such that A 2 + mA + 1nI , with I is the 3´ 3
ê ú
êë1 1 3úû
identity matrix and 0 is the zero matrix. Use this relation to obtain A -1 and show that
A3 = 39 A - 70 I .

C. Elementary Row Operation

 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

The elementary row operations include the following operations:

§ Interchanging the ith row and jth row.

Ri « R j
§ Multiplying the ith row with a nonzero constant.
Ri = aRi where * :is the new row and a ¹ 0
*

th th
§ Adding a multiple of j row to the i row.
Ri = aR j + Ri
*

Steps of working solution:

Perform augmented matrix [ A | I ]

Column 1: Lock a11 and change a21 and a31 to 0

Column 2: Lock a22 and change a12 and a32 to 0

Column 3: Lock a33 and change a13 and a23 to 0

Stop when you get [ I| A-1 ]

Example 27 :

Find the inverses of the following matrices by using elementary row operations:

é2 1 ù
a) A=ê ú
ë7 4 û
é1 - 1ù
b) B = ê ú
ë2 2 û

Example 28 :
 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

é2 1 1 ù
a) A = ê3 2 1ú
ê ú
êë2 1 2úû
é1 2 1 ù
b) B = ê0 1 - 1ú
ê ú
êë1 2 3 úû
é1 3 - 2 ù
c) C = ê1 2 0 ú
ê ú
êë2 8 - 8úû

4.4 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS WITH THREE VARIABLES

 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

A system of linear equations:

a1x + b1y +c1z = d1

a2x + b2y +c2z = d2

a3x + b3y +c3z = d3

can be converted into a matrix equation:

é a1 b1 c1 ù é x ù é d1 ù
êa b2 c 2 úú êê y úú = êêd 2 úú
ê 2
êëa 3 b3 c3 úû êë z úû êë d 3 úû

AX = B

Example 29 :

Write the each of the following system of linear equations in the form of a matrix equation.

3x + 2 y - z = 6 5 x + 2 y + 3z = 48
a) x + 4 y + 3z = 5 b) 7 x + 3 y + 4 z - 67 = 0
5x - y + z = 4 x + 2 y = 32 - 3z

The matrix equation AX = B can be solved by using:

i) Inverse of matrix A
AX = B
A ( AX ) = A-1 B
-1

( )
A-1 A X = A-1 B
IX = A-1 B
X = A-1 B

Example 30 :

é2 - 1 1ù é 1 3 - 1ù
Given that A = ê 1 0 1ú and B = êê- 1 5 - 1úú. Evaluate the product of AB and deduce A -1 .
ê ú
êë 3 - 1 4úû êë- 1 - 1 1úû
Hence, solve the system of equations
2x - y + z = 3
 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

Example 31 :

é 2 5 - 4ù é4 2 1 ù
1 ê
Show that ê 7 - 11 5ú is the inverse of êê3 0 2úú.
ú
19
êë- 3 2 6úû êë1 1 3úû

Four oranges, two lemons, and one lime cost RM8.80. Three oranges and two limes cost RM6.20.
An orange, a lemon and three limes cost RM5.50. Form a system of linear equations and find the cost
of an orange, the cost of a lemon, and the cost of a lime.

Example 32 :
é 2 3 4ù
It is given that A = êê 5 0 1úú .
êë 8 9 3úû
a) Find A
b) Write down the cofactors of all the elements in A
c) Determine adjoint of matrix A
d) Find A -1 . Hence, solve the system of linear equations below

2x + 3 y + 4z = - 7
5x + z = -7
8 x + 9 y + 3z = - 5
 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

Example 33 :

Use the Gauss-Jordan elimination method to solve the following systems:

a) 2x – y + z = 0 b) x + y +z = 12

x + y – 3z = 3 y +2z = 10

x – y + z = -1 2x + y + z = 16

Example 34 :

An ice cream parlor sells three sizes of ice cream cones: small cones for RM0.35, medium cones for
RM0.50, and large cones for RM0.60. Yesterday the ice cream parlor sold a total 190 ice cream
cones, as many medium size cones as large and small cones combined, and took in RM89.50 from
the sale of these ice cream cones. Find how many of each size were sold by using Gauss Jordan
elimination method.

Example 35 :

A researcher wants to provide a rabbit with 2100 units of vitamin A, 4300 units of vitamin C, and
1300 units of vitamin E. The rabbit is to be fed a mixture of three foods. Each gram of food I
contains 3 units of vitamin A, 5 units of vitamin C, and 4 units of vitamian E. Each gram of food II
contains 5 units of vitamin A, 12 units of vitamin C, and 2 units of vitamin E. Each gram of food III
contains 5 units of vitamin A, 9 units of vitamin C, and 1 unit of vitamin E. How many grams of
 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

each food should the rabbit be fed? (Use Gauss-Jordan elimination method to solve the system)

Example 36 :

Pak Majid sells apples grade A, B, and C. The total price of a grade A apple and a grade B apple is
three times the price of a grade C apple. Pak Majid sells 80 grade A apples, 95 grade B apples and
60 grade C apples to Pak Abu. Pak Majid also sells 55 grade A apples, 70 grade B apples and 90
grade C apples to Pak Hamid. Pak Abu and Pak Hamid pays RM160.50 and RM138 respectively to
Pak Majid.

a) If x, y and z represents the price of a grade A apples, a grade B apples and a grade C apples
respectively, write a system of linear equations to represent the above information.

b) Rewrite the system of linear equations in matrix form.

c) Solve for the values of x, y and z using Gauss Jordan elimination method.

Exercises:

1. Solve the following system of linear equation using inverse matrix method/ Gauss Jordan
elimination method:

a) x- y =0 b) 2 x1 + 3 x 2 - x3 = 1 c) 0.10 x - 0.05 y = 0.20

2x + y = 3 x1 + x3 = 0
- 0.06 x + 0.03 y = -0.12
- x1 + 2 x 2 - 2 x3 = 0
2. A florist offers three sizes of flower arrangements containing roses daisies and
chrysanthemums. Each small arrangements contains one rose, three daisies, and three
chrysanthemums. Each medium arrangements contains two roses, four daisies, and six
chrysanthemums,. Each large arrangements contains four roses, eight daisies, and six
chrysanthemums. One day the florist noted that she use 24 roses, 50 daisies, and 48
chrysanthemums in filling orders for these three types of arrangements. How many
arrangements of each types did she make?

3. A coffee merchant sells three blends of coffee. A bag of the house blend contains 300g of
Colombian beans and 200g or French roast beans. A bag of special blend contains 200g of
Colombian beans, 200g of Kenyan beans, and 100g of French roast beans. A bag of gourmet
blend contain 100g of Colombian beans, 200g of Kenyan beans, and 200g of French roast
beans. The merchant has on hands 30kg of Colombian beans, 15kg of Kenyan beans, and
25kg of French roast beans. I f he wishes to use up all the beans, how many bags of each type
 MARICES AND SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Chapter 4

of blend can be made.

4. In the following table, 400 units of food A, 600 units of food B, and 600 units food C are
placed in the test tube each day and the data on daily food consumption by the bacteria (in
units per day) are as shown in the table. Using Gauss Jordan Elimination Method, determine
how many bacteria of each strain can co exist in the test tube and consume all the food?

Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria

Strain I Strain II Strain III

Food A 1 2 0

Food B 2 1 1

Food C 1 1 2

Answer:

1. a) x = 1, y = 1

b) x1 = 2 , x 2 = - 1 , x3 = - 2
3 3 3
c) No Solution, the inverse matrix does not exist

2. Two small, three medium, four large

3. 65 bags of house blend, 30 bags of special blend, and 45 bags of gourmet blends.

4. x = 160, x = 120, x = 160

1 2 3