TMLHT – 16 – GUIDE

1 1 −1 1 −1 1 1
'
B. Exercises for skill subjects / Analysis questions using h (x) = 2 = 2 = 1 =
HOTS for content subjects
2 x
( ) 2 x
( )
2x2 2√ x
Exercise 1: Direction: Answer the following questions:

1) Enumerate the four differentiating rules that we have 1

discussed. h' (x) = , answer ----------------- Power Rule
Answer:
2√ x
a) RULE 1: The Constant Rule iii. h(x) = −√ 3 x
b) RULE 2: The Power Rule (Differentiating Power
−√ 3 is constant and the exponent of x = 1
Function)
c) RULE 3: The Constant Multiple Rule (Differentiating h' (x) = −√ 3 x 1−1 = −√ 3 x 0
constant times a function) h' (x) = −√ 3, answer -----------Constant Multiple Rule
d) RULE 4: The Sum and Difference Rule (Differentiating 3

sums and differences of functions)

iv. f(x) = 5
x , and h(x) = −√ 3 x
4

f '(x) + h' (x) = ?

Exercise 2: Direction: Answer the following questions:
3 3 15 −1 3
f '(x) = (5) x 4 n=
−1
1) Explain each rule enumerated in Exercise 1. = 4
Answer:
4 4 x 4
1. RULE 1: If f(x) = c where c is a constant, then h' (x) = −√ 3
f ' ( x ) = 0. The derivative of a constant is equal to zero. Therefore,
2. RULE 2: The Power Rule (Differentiating Power 15 −1
f '(x) + h' (x) = 4 + (− √ 3 )
Function) 4 x
A function of the form f(x) = x k , where k is a real number, is 15 −1
f '(x) + h' (x) = 4 - √ 3, answer-------- Rule 4
called a power function.
4 x
3
'
If f(x) = x n where n  N, then f ( x ) = n x n−1 v. f(x) = 5
x 4 , and h(x) = −√ 3 x
3. RULE 3: The Constant Multiple Rule (Differentiating
f '(x) - h' (x) = ?
constant times a function) 15 −1
Since, f '(x) = 4 and h' (x) = −√ 3
If f(x) = k h(x) where k is a constant, then 4 x
Therefore,
f ' ( x ) = k h' ( x ) .
4. RULE 4: The Sum and Difference Rule (Differentiating 15 −1
f '(x) - h' (x) = 4 - (− √ 3 )
4 x
sums and differences of functions)
If f(x) = g(x) + h(x) where g and h are differentiable 15 −1
f '(x) - h' (x) = 4 + √ 3, answer ------- Rule 4
4 x
functions, then f ' ( x ) = g' (x) + h' (x)

C. Assessment/Application
Direction: Find the derivatives of the following and state the
rule

i. g(x) = 5 5 is constant
Answer

g' (x) = 0, ------------------------ answer,

1 1
ii. h(x) = √ x = ( x )2 n=
2
 From the given, ( 3 x 2−4 ) is multiplied by ( x 2−3 x ). So
we use the product rule to find its derivative.
Let f(x) = ( 3 x 2−4 ) and g(x) = ( x 2−3 x )

Let also U = ( 3 x 2−4 ) and V = ( x 2−3 x )

D x [ f ( x ) g ( x ) ] = UD XV + VD XU

TMLHT – 17
Dx[f ( x ) g ( x )]
B. Exercises for skill subjects / Analysis questions using
= ( 3 x 2−4 ) D x ( x 2−3 x ) + ( x 2−3 x ) D x ( 3 x 2−4 )
HOTS for content subjects
Exercise 1: Direction: Answer this question: = ( 3 x 2−4 ) ¿ D x x 2 - D x3x) + ( x 2−3 x )( D x 3 x 2 -
(1) Write the rule in finding the product of functions Dx 4 ¿
Answer:
If f and g are differentiable functions, then, Dx[f ( x ) g ( x )] = Applying rules from Rule 1 up to Rule 4, we have,
f ( x ) g' ( x ) + ( x ) f ' ( x ) Dx[f ( x ) g ( x )]

Exercise 2: Direction: Answer this question: = ( 3 x 2−4 )(2x – 3) + ( x 2−3 x )(6x – 0)

(1) Explain the rule in finding the product of functions.
= ( 3 x 2−4 )(2x – 3) + ( x 2−3 x )(6x)
Answer:
“The derivative of the product of f(x) and g(x) is equal to f(x) = 6x3 – 9 x 2 - 8 x + 12 + 6 x 3 - 18 x 2
times the derivative of g(x) plus g(x) times the derivative of
= 12 x 3 - 27 x 2 - 8x + 12, answer
f(x).”
The derivative of the product is NOT the product of their Therefore,
derivatives. Follow the format in using product rule.
D x ( 3 x 2−4 ) ( x 2−3 x ) = 12 x 3 - 27 x 2 - 8x + 12
Let U = f(x); V = g(x);
D X = derivative of Another solution:

D x [ f ( x ) g ( x ) ] = U D X V + V D X U, or it can be Get the product of ( 3 x 2−4 ) ( x 2−3 x )

explained as:
= 3 x 4 - 9 x 3 - 4 x 2 + 12 x
(Copy U multiplied by the derivative of V) + (copy V times
the derivative of U) Then find its derivative

D x (3 x 4 - 9 x 3 - 4 x 2 + 12x)
C. Assessment/Application
Direction: Use Product Rule (Show your solutions). = D x 3 x 4 - D x9 x 3 - D x4 x 2 + D x 12x
(1) Compute f ' ( x ) if f(x) = ( 3 x 2−4 ) ( x 2−3 x ) = 12 x 3 - 27 x 2 - 8x + 12, answer
Solution:
Given: f(x) = ( 3 x 2−4 ) ( x 2−3 x )

Required: f ' ( x ) or “the derivative of”

It is the same as in finding D x.
 h' ( x ) is the same as D x
Let f(x) = 3 x+ 5, the numerator
And let g(x) = x 2+ 4 , the denominator
f (x) g ( x ) f ' ( x ) −f ( x ) g' (x )
h'
[ ]
g(x )
=
[ g(x )]
2

3 x +5
h' [ x 2 +4 ]
( x 2+ 4 ) D x ( 3 x+ 5 )−( 3 x+ 5 ) D x ( x 2 + 4 )
= 2
[ x 2 +4 ]

= ( x 2 +4 ) (D¿¿ x ( 3 x ) + Dx 5)−( 3 x+5 ) ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿

( x 2+ 4 ) ( 3 ) −( 3 x +5 )( 2 x )
= 2
[ x 2 +4 ]
TMLHT – 18 ( 3 x2 +12 ) – (6 x 2+10 x )
A. Exercises for skill subjects / Analysis questions using
= 2
[ x 2 +4 ]
HOTS for content subjects
Exercise 1: Direction: Answer this question.
1) Write the rule in finding the quotient of two functions. ( 3 x2 +12 ) – (6 x 2+10 x )
= 2
Answer: [ x 2 +4 ]
f (x) g ( x ) f ' ( x ) −f ( x ) g' (x )
Dx
[ ]
g(x )
=
[ g(x )]
2

3 x 2 +12 – 6 x 2−10 x
= 2
Exercise 2: Direction: Answer this question. [ x 2+ 4 ]
2) Explain the rule in finding the quotient of two functions.
Answer: 12 – 3 x 2−10 x
The rule above states that the derivative of the quotient of
= 2
[ x2 + 4]
two functions is the fraction having as its denominator
the square of the original denominator, and as its
numerator is the denominator times derivative of the Therefore,
numerator minus the numerator times the derivative of
3 x +5 12−10 x−3 x2
the denominator.
Note: The derivative of a quotient is NOT equal to the
h'
[
x 2 +4
=
]
[ x2 + 4 ]
2 , answer

quotient of their derivatives.

B. Assessment/Application
Direction: Answer the following:
3 x +5
1) Let h(x) = . Compute h' ( x ) .
x2 + 4
Solution:
 (1) Explain the rules in finding the derivatives of
trigonometric and exponential functions.
Answers:
Derivatives of trigonometric functions

 D X ( sin x ) = cos x
The derivative of sine x is equal to cosine x. Or
The slope of the tangent line to the graph of sin x is
equal to cos x.
 D X ( cos x ) = - sin x
The derivative of cosine x is equal to
negative sine x. Or
The slope of the tangent line to the graph of cosine x is
equal to negative sine x.
 D X ( tan x ) = sec 2 x
The derivative of tangent x is equal to the square of the
secant x. Or
The slope of the tangent line to the graph of tangent x
is equal to the square of the secant x.
 D X ( cot x ) = - csc 2 x
The derivative of cotangent x is equal to negative
square of cosecant x. Or

TMLHT – 19 GUIDE
B. Exercises for skill subjects / Analysis questions using The slope of the tangent line to the graph of cotangent x is
HOTS for content subjects equal to the negative square of cosecant x.
Exercise 1: Direction: Answer this question.

(1) Write the rules in finding the derivatives of  D X ( sec x ) = sec x tan x
trigonometric and exponential functions. The derivative of secant x is equal to the product of
Answers: secant x and tan x. Or,
Derivatives of trigonometric functions The slope of tangent line to the graph of secant x is
equal to the product of secant x and tan x.
a) D X ( sin x ) = cos x d) D X ( cot x ) = - csc 2 x D X ( csc x ) = - csc x cot x

b) D X ( cos x ) = - sin x e) D X ( sec x ) = sec x tan x The derivative of cosecant x is equal to the negative the
c) D X ( tan x ) = sec x f) D X ( csc x ) = - csc x cot x
2
product of cosecant x and cotangent x. Or, the slope of
the tangent line to the graph of cosecant x is equal to
Derivative of exponential function the negative the product of cosecant x and cotangent x.

If f(x) = e x , then f ' ( x ) = ex Derivative of exponential function

If f(x) = e x , then f ' ( x ) = ex
Exercise 2: Direction: Answer this question. f ' ( x ) = ex
The derivative of e x is equal to e x . Or, = x 2 cos x + sin x (2x + 3x) – cos x ( 3 – 5)
The slope of the tangent line to the graph of e x is
= x 2 cos x + 5x sin x – cos x ( - 2)
equal to e x .
= x 2 cos x + 5x sin x + 2 cos x
C. Assessment/Application Therefore, f ‘(x) = D X x 2 sinx – D X 3x cosx + D X 5 sinx
Direction: Answer the following question.
= x 2 cos x + 5x sin x + 2 cos x, answer
1) Differentiate, f(x) = x 2 sinx – 3x cosx + 5 sinx
Solution: When we say differentiate, it means to find
2) If h(x) = e x sin x – 3e x cosx, find h' ( x )
the derivative of the given function or to find the
Solution:
slope of the tangent line to the graph of the given
function.  For e x sin x, it is the product of e x and sin x

The note from the given:  3e x cos x, it is the product of 3e x and cos x

 x 2 sin x is the product of x 2 and sin x Again, we apply the product rule

 3x cos x is the product of 3x and cos x h' ( x ) = D X e x sin x - D X 3 e x cos x

 5 sin x is a constant multiple
In solving this, we apply the product rule. For D X e x sin x = e x D X sin x + sin x D X e x
f ‘(x) = D X x 2 sinx – D X 3x cosx + D X 5 sinx D X e x sin x = e x cos x + sin x e x
D X e x sin x = e x cos x + e x sin x
2 2
For D X x sinx = x D X sin x + sin x D X x 2
D X x 2 sinx = x 2 cos x + sin x (2x) For D X 3 e x cos x

D X x 2 sinx = x 2 cos x + 2x sin x =3 D X e x cos x = 3 (e x D X cos x + cos x D X e x )

= 3 (e x (- sin x) + cos x e x )

= 3(-e x sin x + e x cos x)

= - 3 e x sin x + 3 e x cos x
For D X 3x cos x = 3x D X cos x + cos x D X 3x
D X 3x cos x = 3x (- sin x) + cos x (3)
D X 3x cos x = - 3x sin x + 3 cos x

For D X 5 sin x = 5 D X sin x Since,

D X 5 sin x = 5 cos x h' ( x ) = D X e x sin x - D X 3 e x cos x

= e x cos x + e x sin x – (- 3 e x sin x + 3 e x cos x)

Therefore,
= e x cos x + e x sin x + 3e x sin x - 3 e x cos x
f ‘(x) = D X x 2 sinx – D X 3x cosx + D X 5 sinx
= e x cos x - 3 e x cos x + e x sin x + 3e x sin x
= x 2 cos x + 2x sin x – (-3x sin x + 3 cos x) + 5 cos x
2
= e x (cos x – 3 cos x) + e x (sin x + 3 sin x)
= x cos x + 2x sin x + 3x sin x - 3 cos x + 5 cos x
= e x (- 2 cos x) + e x (4 sin x) perfect, functional, or effective as possible specifically:
the mathematically procedures (such as finding the
= - 2 e x cos x + 4 e x sin x
maximum of a function) involved in this. In our study of

= e x ( 4 sin x – 2 cos x) optimization, we can encounter maximum and minimum

values.

Therefore, Exercise 2: Direction: Answer this question.

1) Explain the concept of Theorem 7 and Theorem 8
h' ( x ) = D X e x sin x - D X 3 e x cos x
Answer:
= e x (4 sin x – 2 cos x), answer Theorem 7 (Fermat’s Theorem). Let f be continuous on an
open interval I containing x 0. If f has an extremum at x 0 then
x 0 must be a critical point of f.

It means that in a given open interval from the given

function f containing x 0, if the function f has an extremum
(minimum of maximum value) at x 0, then that extremum is
a critical point of the given function f.

Theorem 8 (Extreme Value Theorem). Let f be a function

which is continuous on a closed interval and bounded interval
[ a , b ]. Then the extreme values (maximum and minimum) of f
always exist, and they occur either at the endpoints or at the
critical points of f.

It means that at a given function which is continuous at a

always exist and they exist either at the endpoints of the
closed and bounded interval or the extreme values
(minimum and maximum values) occur at the critical points
of the given function.

C. Assessment/Application
Direction:

Find the extrema of the given function

f(x) = x 3−x 2−x−10 on the interval [ −1 ,1 ] and state
where these extrema occur.

TMLHT – 20 GUIDE
Solution:
B. Exercises for skill subjects / Analysis questions using
We consider that we have solved all critical points of f in
HOTS for content subjects
the previous exercise. However, we will only consider
Exercise 1: Direction: Answer this question.
those critical on the interval [ −1 ,1 ]. Moreover, by
1) Define optimization Extreme Value Theorem, we also have to consider the
Answer: – is an act, process, or methodology of making endpoints. So, what remains to be done is the following:
 Get the functional values of all these critical points
something (such as design, system, or decision) as fully
inside [ −1 ,1 ]
 Get the functional values at the endpoints; and
 Compare the values. The highest one is the maximum
value while the lowest one is the minimum value.

First, finding the critical points: Find all critical points of

f(x) = x 3−x 2−x−10
Solution: We differentiate f and find all values of x such that
f ' ( x ) becomes zero or undefined.
f ' ( x ) = 3 x 2 - 2x – 1
Factor out x 2 - 2x – 1
( 3 x+ 1 )( x−1 ) , these are the factors
Equate both factors to zero, then solve for x
−1
3x + 1 = 0 or x =
3

x–1=0 or x = 1

−1
x= and x = 1 are the critical values
3

The endpoints of the closed interval [ −1 ,1 ] are – 1 and 1.

−1
We consider the functional values at x = , x = - 1, and
3
x = 1, that is included in the close interval [ −1 ,1 ]

Construct a table of values using these functional values, with

endpoints – 1 and 1

−1
X -1 1
3
−25
f(x) -11 -11
27

Substitute these functional values of x to the original

function, to solve for the value of f(x).
Example: When x = -1
From f(x) = x 3−x 2−x−10
f(-1) = (−1 )3 - (−1 )2 - (−1 ) - 10 = - 11

From the table of values above, we can say that then

maximum point occurs at ( −13 ,− 2527 ) and the minimum

points are ( 1 ,−11 ) and (−1 ,−11 ), answer

To double check: locate these points on Cartesian

coordinate Plane.