TMLHT – 11 GUIDE Exercise 2: Direction: The same figure Interval as in

Given figure for the exercises, graph of y = 2x - 5 EXAMPLE 1. Answer the following:

1) Choose m = 2. Solve for the corresponding value of c.

(show your solution)
Solution: Given m = 2, it is a y – value
Required - value of c.
How much is the value of x = c when y = m = 2?
The same interval 1, 5
Choose m = 2. By IVT, there is a c 1, 5 such that
f(c) = 2
Take note that f(c) = m, so f(c) = 2
A. Exercises for skill subjects / Analysis questions using
From y = 2x – 5 can be written as f(x) = 2x – 5.
HOTS for content subjects
Exercise 1: Using c, the equation becomes, f(c) = 2c – 5
But f(c) = 2, so
Direction: The same figure Interval as in EXAMPLE 1.
Answer the following: 2 = 2c – 5
Solve for c:
1) Choose m = 1. Solve for the corresponding value of c.
2c = 2 + 5
(show your solution)
2c = 7
Solution: Given m = 1, it is a y – value 1
Required - value of c. c = 3.5 or c = 3 answer
2
How much is the value of x = c when y = m = 1?
Take the interval 1, 5. The IVT says that for any m 1
Indeed, c = 3  1, 5.
intermediate to, or in between f(1) and f(5), we can find a 2
value intermediate to, or between 1 and 5. 1
Start with the fact that f(1) = 2(1) – 5 = - 3 and f(5) = 2(5) – 5 We can notice in the figure that when y = 2, x = 3
2
= 5. Then, choose an m  -3, 5, to exhibit a corresponding c
 1, 5 such that f(c) = m
B. Assessment/Application
Choose m = 1. By IVT, there is a c 1, 5 such that
Direction: Answer the following questions:
f(c) = 1
1) Write the Intermediate Value Theorem. Explain
Take note that f(c) = m, so f(c) = 1
Answer: If a function f(x) is continuous over a closed interval
From y = 2x – 5 can be written as f(x) = 2x – 5.
a, b, then for every value m between f(a) and f(b), there is a
Using c, the equation becomes, f(c) = 2c – 5
value ca, b such that f(c) = m
But f(c) = 1, so
Answer in your own idea: _____________________________
1 = 2c – 5
Solve for c:
2) Given the graph of a function f(x) = x 2 below.
2c = 1 + 5
2c = 6
c = 3, answer
Indeed, c = 3  1, 5.
We can notice in the figure that when y = 1, x = 3
a) Specified interval: - 4, 2. Choose m = 9.
Solve for the value of c. (Note: Only 1 answer)

Solution: m = 9, c = ?
m = f(c) = 9
f(x) = x2
f(c) = c 2
Since f(c) = 9,
9 = c2
c=±3
We will be using c = - 3,
because – 3  - 4, 2.
but c = 3 is not an element of - 4, 2.
c = - 3, answer
We can notice from the graph that when y = 9, x = - 3,
considering the given interval - 4, 2.
b) Specified interval: -2, 2. Choose m = 1.
Solve for the value of c.
(Note: There are 2 answers in letter b)
Solution: m = 1, c = ?
m = f(c) = 1
f(x) = x2
f(c) = c 2
Since f(c) = 1,
1 = c2
c=±1
We will be using c = 3 and c = - 3
because c = 3  - 2, 2
and c = - 3 is also  - 2, 2
c = +3 and c = - 3, answer

Note  is read as, “is an element of”

We can notice that when y = 1, c = ± 3
 Refer to the figure below and answer the following
question.

1) Draw tangent line at:

TMLHT – 12 GUIDE (USE YOUR STOCKED a) Point (1, 1)
KNOWLEDGED) b) Point (-1, 1)

A. Exercises for skill subjects / Analysis questions

using HOTS for content subjects

Exercise 1: (Answer with your own)

Direction: Draw a circle and answer the following question:

Given circle:

a) Draw a tangent line to a circle

Exercise 2: (Answer with your own)

Direction: Draw a circle and answer the following question.

Given circle

(a) Draw a secant line to a circle.

B. Assessment/Application
A) Direction: Refer to the figure below and answer the
following question. (copy the figures on your answer
sheets)



❑ ,1
1) Draw two (2) tangent lines, one at point ( 2 ),

and another one, at point ( ❑2 ,−1 )

B) Refer to the figure below and answer the following
questions.
1) Draw tangent line at
a) Point (1, 1)

b) Point (- 1, 1)

c) Point (-2, -8)

d) Point (2, 8)

Note: Draw tangent line with your own

C) Explain the more formally definition of tangent line.

Answer: We can illustrate our formal definition of
tangent line through referring the following figure
below:

The tangent line to y = f(x) at P is the limiting position

of all secant lines ´ as Q → P.
PQ
 f ( x 0 ) = f(1) = 3(1) – 1 = 2
Substitute these values to the equation of the

derivative at x0
( 3 x−1 )−2
f ‘(1) = lim
x →1 (x−1)
3 x – 1−2
f ‘(1) = lim
TMLHT – 13 GUIDE x →1 ( x−1)
A. Exercises for skill subjects / Analysis questions using 3 x –3
f ‘(1) = lim
HOTS for content subjects x →1 (x−1)
Exercise 1: 3(x −1)
f ‘(1) = lim
Direction: Answer this question: Give two meanings of the x →1 ( x−1)
definition of the derivative.
Answer: (x – 1) will be cancelled
f ( x )−f ( x0 )
The expression lim gives meaning of a f ‘(1) = lim
x →1
3
x→ x 0 x−x 0
tangent line as the f ‘(1) = 3, the limit of a constant is the constant itself.
1) Slope of a tangent line at x 0, or we can state this as Therefore,

the derivative of f(x) at x 0. ( 3 x−1 )−2

f ‘(1) = lim =3
2) Instantaneous rate of change of f with respect to x.
x →1 (x−1)

Exercise 2: 2) Given; f(x) = 2 x2 + 4. Solve for f ‘(1)

Direction: Answer this question: Give the equation of the
Solution:
derivative of f at x 0. Again, x0 = 1
Answer: The equation of the derivative of f at x 0, is,
f( x 0) = 2(1)2 + 4 = 2 + 4 = 6
f ( x )−f ( x0 )
f ‘(x) = lim f( x 0) = 6 and f(x) = 2 x2 + 4
x→ x 0 x−x 0
Substitute these values to the equation of the derivative at

x0
B. Assessment/Application
f ( x )−f ( x0 )
Direction: Evaluate f ' ( 1 ) for each of the following using the f ‘(x) = lim
x→ x 0 x−x 0
definition of the derivative.

f ‘(1) = lim
( 2 x 2+ 4 )−6
1) f(x) = 3x – 1 x →1 x−1
Solution:
2 x 2+ 4−6
f ‘(1) = lim
f ( x )−f ( x0 ) x →1 x−1
f ‘(x) = lim
x−x 0
x→ x 0
2 x 2−2
f ‘(1) = lim
here, x0 = 1 x →1 x−1
f(x) = 3x – 1 2 ( x 2−1 )
f ‘(1) = lim
Compute first the value of f ( x 0 ) x →1 x −1
 2 ( x+1 )( x−1 ) a) slope of the tangent line of the given function at x
f ‘(1) = lim
x →1 x −1 = x0 = 1
(x – 1) will be cancelled b) derivative of the given function at x = x0 = 1
f ‘(1) = lim
x →1
2 ( x +1 ) c) Compare the slope of the tangent line of the given
function and the derivative of the same function.
f ‘(1) = 2(1+1)
d) Make a generalization regarding the slope of the
f ‘(1) = 2(2)
tangent line of a given function and the derivative
f ‘(1) = 4
of the same given function.
f ( x )−f ( 1 ) Solution for (a)
Therefore, f ‘(1) = lim =4
x →1 x−1
We first need to get the coordinates of the point of

tangency P( x 0 , y 0 ) , and the slope at P.In this

problem, x 0 = 1 and y = 2x + 3.
Therefore, y 0= 2(1) + 3 = 5. Thus, P has coordinates
(1, 5).
Substitute the given values above to the equation of

the slope of the tangent line at x 0.

y− y 0
m= lim ,
TMLHT – 14 GUIDE x→ x 0 x−x 0
A. Exercises for skill subjects / Analysis questions using ( 2 x+3 )−5
m= lim
HOTS for content subjects x →1 ( x−1)
Exercise 1: Direction: Answer the following question.
2 x+ 3−5
(1) Give the equation of the limit of the slope of the tangent m= lim
x →1 ( x−1)
line at x 0. 2 x −2
m= lim
Answer: The equation of the limit of the slope of the x →1 (x−1)
2( x−1)
y− y 0 m= lim
tangent line at x 0 is, m = lim x →1 (x −1)
x→ x x−x 0
0
(x – 1) will be cancelled
Where m = slope of the tangent line at x 0.
m= lim 2
Exercise 2: Direction: Answer the following question. x →1

(1) Give the equation of the first derivative of the m=2

function f. Therefore, given y = 2x + 3, the slope of tangent line
Answer: The equation of the first derivative of the
to the graph of y = 2x + 3 at x 0 = 1 is 2.
f ( x )−f ( x0 ) Or the slope of the tangent line to the graph of
function f is, f ‘(x) = lim
x→ x 0 x−x 0 y =2x + 3 at point (1, 5) is 2.
Where f ‘(x) is the first derivative of the function f Solution for (b)
Using equation of the first derivative of the function f,
at x 0.
f ( x )−f ( x0 )
B. Assessment/Application f ‘(x) = lim
x→ x 0 x−x 0
Direction: Given, y = 2x + 3, compute the:
x 0 = 1 and f(x) = 2x + 3
f( x 0 ) = f(1) = 2(1) + 3 = 5 Direction: Write True if the choice is correct, False if the
choice is wrong. Suppose that f is a function that is continuous
Substitutes these values to the equation,
at x = - 3.
f ( x )−f ( x0 )
f ‘(x) = lim a. f must be differentiable at x = - 3.
x→ x 0
x−x 0
Answer:__False
(2 x +3)−5 Reason: If f is continuous at x = a, it does not mean
f ‘(1) = lim
x →1 (x−1) that f is differentiable at x = a.
2 x+ 3−5 b. f is definitely not differentiable at x = - 3.
f ‘(1) = lim
x →1 ( x−1) Answer:___False
2 x −2 Reason: There is not enough information to determine
f ‘(1) = lim
x →1 (x−1) if f is definitely not differentiable at x = - 3.
2 x −2 Exercise 2:
f ‘(1) = lim
x →1 (x−1) Direction: For each statement below, write True if the
2 x −2 statement is correct and False, otherwise.
f ‘(1) = lim
x →1 (x−1) x 2 if x <3

f ‘(1) = lim
2(x−1)
Consider the function defined by f(x) =
{ 6 x−9 if x ≥ 3
x →1 ( x −1)
At x = 3, the function is:
(x – 1) will be cancelled
a. undefined
f ‘(1) = lim
x →1
2
Answer: __False
f ‘(1) = 2, the limit of a constant is the constant b. differentiable but not continuous
itself. Answer: False
Answer for (c) c. continuous but not differentiable
 The slope of the tangent line to the graph of Answer: False
d. both continuous and differentiable
y = 2x + 3 at x 0 is 2.
Answer: True
 The derivative of the given function
e. neither continuous nor differentiable
y = 2x + 3 at x 0 is also 2.
Answer: False
Answer for letter (d):
We can conclude that the slope of the tangent line to
B. Assessment/Application
the graph of the given function at x 0 ,is equal to the
Direction: Answer the following in complete sentence/s:
derivative of the same given function at x 0.
1. When can you say that a function is continuous at
x = a?
Answer:
We can say that a function is continuous at x = a
if a function f is differentiable at a.
TMLHT – 15 GUIDE
A. Exercises for skill subjects / Analysis questions
using HOTS for content subjects Theorem 6. If a function f is differentiable at a,
Exercise 1: then f is continuous at a.
2. How can you illustrate the concept of differentiability
of a function?
 Answer: lim ¿
f ‘(1) =
h→0
5h −¿ = 5, h will be cancelled
A function is differentiable at the number c if h
¿

f ( c+ h )−f (c ) lim ¿
f ‘(c) = lim exists f ‘(x) = f ( x+h ) −f ( x) =5
h→ 0 h h →0
−¿
h
¿

Illustration

Consider a function f(x) = {2 5x +3x ififx <1x ≥ 1 For x ≥ 1, we use f(x) = 2x + 3

Now we consider the values of x from the
This is a piecewise function
right of 1. In symbols,
It means that if x ¿ 1, the function is f(x) = 5x
lim ¿
And if x ≥ 1, the function is f(x) = 2x + 3 f ‘(1) = +¿ ( 2 ( x+h) + 3) – (2 x+3 )
h →0 ¿
h
Let us consider the value of c = 1
lim ¿
We use the function f(x) = 2x + 3 f ‘(1) = ( 2 x+2 h +3) – (2 x+3 )
+¿
h→0 ¿
h
f (c) = 2c + 3
lim ¿
f(1) = 2(1) + 3 f ‘(1) = +¿ 2 x+2 h+3−2 x−3
h →0 ¿
h
f(1) = 5
lim ¿
So, f(c) = 5 f ‘(1) = +¿ 2 x+2 h−2 x−3
h →0 ¿
h
Since f(x) = 2x + 3 is a polynomial, then it is 2x and 3 will be cancelled
continuous everywhere. It means that it is lim ¿
f ‘(1) = 2h =2
continuous in all values of x. h →0
+¿
h
¿

Therefore, f(x) = 2x + 3 is continuous at x = c = 1 lim ¿

f ‘(x) = f ( x+h ) −f (x) =2
5 x if x <1
+¿
h→0 ¿
The given piecewise function f(x) =
2 x +3 if x ≥ 1
is { h

continuous at x = c = 1
Now,
from the left of 1, in symbols
Let us go back to the condition of differentiable,
lim ¿
A function is differentiable at the number c if f ‘(x) =
h →0
−¿ f ( x+h ) −f ( x)
¿
=5
h
f ( c+ h )−f (c )
f ‘(c) = lim exists and from the right of 1, in symbols
h→ 0 h
lim ¿
or it could be expressed as f ‘(x) =
h→0
f ( x+h ) −f (x)
+¿
¿
=2
h
f ( x +h )−f (x)
f ‘(x) = lim exists
h→ 0 h
lim ¿ lim ¿
For x ¿ 1, we use f(x) = 5x −¿ f ( x+h ) −f ( x) ≠ +¿ f ( x+h ) −f (x)
h →0 ¿ h→0 ¿
h h
We take values of x from the left of 1, in symbols,
The limit does not exist or the limit DNE
lim ¿
f ‘(1) = −¿ 5 ( x+h ) −5 x And since the limit DNE
h →0 ¿
h
Therefore, the definition of differentiable,
lim ¿ “A function is differentiable at the number c if
f ‘(1) =
h→0
−¿ 5 x+5 h−5 x
¿
, 5x will be cancelled
h
f ( c+ h )−f (c )
lim ¿ f ‘(c) = lim exists,” fails
f ‘(1) = h→ 0 h
−¿ 5h
h→0 ¿
h
 in this situation at x = c = 1
f ( c+ h )−f (c )
f ‘(c) = lim does not exist
h→ 0 h
The given function is not differentiable at c = 1

Summary:
The function f(x) = {2 5x +3x ififx <1x ≥ 1
Is continuous at c = 1, but it is not
differentiable at c = 1

3. Write at least four (4) statements that are always true

regarding the relationship between the continuity and
differentiability of a function.
Answer:
a) If f is continuous at x = a, it does not mean that f is
differentiable at x = a.
b) If f is not continuous at x = a, then f is not
differentiable at x = a.
c) If f is not differentiable at x = a, it does not mean that f
is not continuous at x = a.
d) A function f is not differentiable at x = a if one of the
following is true:
i. f is not continuous at x = a
ii. the graph of f has a vertical tangent line at x = a.
iii. the graph of f has corner or cusp at x = a.