A.

PHONETICS
I. Look at the pictures and write the clusters /sk/, /sp/ or /st/.

1. cri___s 2. ___i 3. ___eed 4. ___ars

5. ___eak 6. ___ider 7. de___ 8. co___ume

9. fe___ival 10. ba___et 11. ___ilt house 12. ___irt

13. ___ort 14. ___icky rice 15. we___ 16. __ating

II. Underline the clusters /sk/, /sp/ or /st/ of the words in the box and then put them into
the correct column.

spicy, vest, story, scare, tourist, stilt, school, especial, aspect, kiosk, skip, toaster,
ask, stairs, correspond, skill, risky, sparse, costume, speech, sky, speciality

/sk/ /sp/ /st/

______________________ ______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________ ______________________

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. Match the word or phrase with its definition.
1. shawl (khan pieu) a. a wheel for raising water to a higher level
2. costume b. a field that is on the side of a hill and divided into layers that look
like steps
3. terraced field c. local trading site for highlanders to exchange food or hand made
products
4. stilt house d. a traditional dance of a particular area or counted

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 1

5. waterwheel e. a building used for the worship of a god or gods
6. folk dance f. the largest stilt house in the village where village ceremoniesand
festivals take place
7. communal house g. clothes that are typical of a particular place
8. temple h. a metal disc that makes a loud deep sound when it is hit witha stick
9. gong i. a house raised on piles over the surface of the soil
10. open-air market j. a large piece of cloth worn by Thai women or girls overtheir head
II. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases from the box.

terraced fields costume stilt houses heritage site ethnic minorities

unique diverse speciality ornaments folk dances

1. The Nung mostly live in ____________ though they also live in earthen houses.
2. Five-colour sticky rice is well-known as a ____________ of the north-western region of
Vietnam.
3. The goods in the open-air market are ____________. You can find almost everything there.
4. Thai cloth is well-known for being ____________, colourful and strong.
5. Xoe and Sap are ____________ of Thai ethnic minority people.
6. The ____________ of the Nung is not as colorful as that of other ethnic groups.
7. My Son sanctuary has been recognized by UNESCO as a world ____________.
8. Thai women retain their traditional clothes including short vests, long black skirts, scarves,
and ____________.
9. Sa Pa is famous for the ____________ located in the mountainous area.
10. ____________ make up between 10 to 15 percent of the population in Vietnam.
Ill. Choose the best expression in response to each sentence.
1. ‘Is it true that Y Moan was the greatest pop singer of the Ede?’ ‘_________’
a. Really? b. How beautiful! c. Come on! d. Exactly.
2. ‘Look at this dish, Nick. It has five colours.’ ‘_________’
a.How nice! b. What a shame! c. Sounds bad. d. Okay.
3. ‘In some ethnic groups, women play the leading role in the family’ ‘_________’
a. Well, of course. b. I don’t think so.
c. Wow, that’s surprising! d. It’s all right
4. ‘After a 20 day homestay tom, I can use chopsticks, harvest rice, and cook some Vietnamese
dish.’ ‘_________’
a.Yeah, I’d like to. b. That’s awesome! c. It’s wrong. d. No problem.
5. ‘The ethnic minorities are mainly concentrated in Northern Uplands and Central Highlands.’
‘_________’
a.Oh, I see. b. So far so good. c. How convenient! d. Almost certainly.
6. ‘I have two tickets to a gong performance. Would you like to go?’ ‘_________ What time?’
a. Sorry, I can’t. b.Not very good. c. Yes, I’d like that. d. Never mind.

7. ‘Let’s go to the local open-air market’ ‘_________’

a. Good idea. b.I’d love to. c.Not at all. d. Yes, of course.
UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 2
8. ‘Tomorrow we will go to Coc Ly market. You can buy lots of handmade items there.’
‘_________’
a. What a pity! b.How interesting c. How thoughtful! d. Well done.
IV. Complete each sentence with a suitable question word.
1. _____________ ethnic group has larger population, Cho Ro or Chu Ru? – ChoRo.
2. _____________ groups of languages do all ethnic groups speak? – Eightgroups.
3. _____________ is the biggest house in the village? – It’sthe communal house.
4. _____________ arts are displayed in a museum in Da Nang city? – TheCham’s.
5. _____________ do the San Diu mainly live? – InQuang Ninh province.
6. _____________ do the Thai hold ceremonies to worship their ancestors? – Everyyear.
7. _____________ is the village chief of the Phu La? – Theoldest man.
8. _____________ is it from here, to the communal house? – Justabout one kilometre.
9. _____________ is “khan pieu”? – It’s a shawl with colorful embroidery.
10. _____________ do they cook five coloured sticky rice? – Onspecial occasions.
V. Change each sentence Into a question using the question words in brackets.
1. The girl with a shawl on her head is a member of the Thai. (who)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. The Khmer have three main festivals in a year. (how many)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Odu is the smallest ethnic group in Vietnam. (which)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Ok Om Bok Festival is the biggest festival of Khmer people. (what)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. We can find terraced fields in the northern mountainous regions. (where)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Bom Bo village is about 200 kilometres from Ho Chi Minh city. (how far)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. They built their houses on stilts to prevent flooding from tides or storms. (why)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. The population of the Tay ethnic group is about 1.7 million. (what)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. The Tay have lived in Vietnam for thousands of years. (how long)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. The M’nong mainly live in Dak Lak province. (where)
___________________________________________________________________________
VI. Underline the correct option. This may include a space (–) for zero article.
1. Vietnam is a/an/ the multiethnic country with 54 ethnic groups.
2 The Viet (Kinh) people account for 87% of a / the / – country’s population.
3. Chaul Chnam Thmey is a/ an/ the celebration of New Year by Khmers.
4 Folk singing of the Bru-Van Kieu is popular, particularly cha chap and sim, the / a / an
alternating chant between young men and women.

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 3

5 Ancestor worship is the / a / – most important religious activity among the Bru-Van Kieu.
6. The La Ha grow the/ – /a cotton but do not weave.
7. The Rong house of the Xo Dang is a / an / the big stilt house with a high roof which looks
like a/an/ the axe.
8. The young Co Ho women play an / a / the active role in marriage.
9. The Ba Na are one of the / a / an oldest ethnic minority groups living in a / – / the Central
Highlands.
10. The / A / – right of inheritance in Ede families is only for the / – / a daughters.
11. Y Phon lives in the city, but his family still live in a / the /–small village in a / – / the
mountains.
12. A / The /– M’Nong live in houses built on the / – /a stilts or level with a/ – /the ground.
VII. Complete the sentences with a, an or the.
1. ___________ number of ethnic minorities had mastered some farming techniques.
2. The Kinh or Viet is ___________ largest group, accounting for 86 percent of ___________
population of Vietnam.
3. The Thai have ___________ population of over one million people, account
forapproximately 1.8% of ___________ Vietnamese population.
4. Dao women usually wear ___________ long blouse with ___________ dress or trousers.
5. Mua sap is ___________ folk dance of ___________ Muong.
6. The Raglai have __________ musical instrument made of bamboo called __________ chapi.
7. S’tieng is ___________ ethnic group living mostly in ___________ southern provincesof
Vietnam.
8. Gathering and hunting still play ___________ important role in ___________ economy of
the Laha.
9. Vietnam has 54 ethnic groups and more than 40 of __________ groups living in __________
highlands.
10. When eating is finished, the Dao have ___________ tradition that they never put down the
chopsticks on ___________ bowl.
VIII. Complete the text with a/an, the or leave blank (–)for zero article.
The space of gong culture in Central Highlands coversfive provinces of Kon Turn, Gia Lai,
Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Lam Dong. Masters of this art are (1)___________ ethnic people of
Bahna, Sedang, M’nong, Coho, Ede, Giarai...
Gongs appear in (2)___________ most important events of (3)___________ community
such as ceremony for babies, weddings, funerals, celebration of new houses, harvests, etc.
Gongs have different sizes with diameter ranging from 20cm to 120cm. (4) _________set
of gongs has 2 to 20 units. A gong orchestra consists of 3, 5 or 6 basic sounds and (5)_________
additional 12 or more sounds. In most groups, gongs are reserved for males. In Ma and M’nong,
both males and females can play (6)___________ gongs.
With their plenty, uniqueness and diversity, gongs hold (7)___________ special position in
Vietnam’s traditional music. That is also a basis leading to (8)___________ recognition of
thespace of gong culture as (9)___________ Masterpiece of (10)___________ Intangible
Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
IX. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the words in brackets.

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 4

1. Many ethnic groups managed to live together ___________. (peace)
2. How often is the Gong Festival ___________? (celebrate)
3. The ___________ of people in Vietnam belong to the Kinh people. (major)
4. The ___________ house is the place where village ceremonies and festivals take place.
(commune)
5. ___________ is a traditional folk art of the Miao people. (embroider)
6 Five-coloured sticky rice is a traditional ___________ of Tay people. (special)
7. H’mong people live in the northern ___________ region of Vietnam. (mountain)
8. The Tai are known for their ___________ garments and their houses on stilts. (weave)
9. The ___________ you can find in Sapa include the Hmong, Dao, and Tay. (ethnic)
10. Muong people are ___________ more closely related to the Tai people. (culture)
X. Complete each sentence with an appropriate preposition.
1. Nick is curious ___________ the ethnic minority groups in Vietnam.
2. The Viet account ___________ about 86% of Vietnam’s population.
3. The M’Nong live in houses built ___________ stilts.
4. The Hmong live mostly ___________ the mountainous regions ___________ the north.
5. The M’Nong in Ban Don are well known _______ their elephant hunting and domestication.
6. Many ethnic minority students are studying ___________ boarding schools.
7. The Thai have a population ___________ about one and a half million people.
8. Tay language belongs ___________ the Tay-Thai language group.
9. The communal house is used ___________ village meetings and festivities.
10. The chapi is made ___________ a section of an old bamboo.
C. SPEAKING
I. Make questions for the underlined words.
1. A: ______________________________________________________________________
B: We’d like to know something about the cultural groups of Vietnam.
2. A: ______________________________________________________________________
B: The Tay don’t allow guests to sit in the room of their altar because that room is such a
sacred place.
3. A: ______________________________________________________________________
B: The Pu Peo farm on burned land and terraced fields.
4. A: ______________________________________________________________________
B: They dug canals to bring water to their rice fields.
5. A: ______________________________________________________________________
B: The Muong speak the Muong language.
6. A: ______________________________________________________________________
B: A typical La Chi stilt house has three apartments.

7. A: ______________________________________________________________________
B: Some ethnic groups lived a semi-nomadic life decades ago.
8. A: ______________________________________________________________________

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 5

 B: Ako Dhong village was established by chief of village Ama H’rin.
9. A: ______________________________________________________________________
B: Most people in the village live simply and happily.
10. A: ______________________________________________________________________
B: The open air market is about 3 kilometres from our village.
II. Complete the dialogue with the appropriate phrases or sentences (A - J).

A.Exactly.
B.Yes. But they also live in earthen houses, and half stilt-half earth houses.
C.They mostly live in the northern provinces.
D.Let’s go.
E. Hi, Thao! I’m reading about Nung people.
F.It’s growing wet rice.
G.OK, thanks. Look at this note and ask me about this ethnic group.
H.A lot. And I must learn by heart.
I. They celebrate many festivals in a year, but “Lung Tung" is the most famous one.
J.About 1 million people.

Thao: Hi, Phong! What are you reading?

Phong: (1)______________________________________________________________________
Thao: Oh, I see. You’ll give a lecture on ethnic minorities, won’t you?
Phong: (2) ______________________________________________________________________
Thao: What have you learned so far?
Phong: (3) ______________________________________________________________________
Thao: Let me help you to revise it.
Phong: (4) ______________________________________________________________________
Thao: Well, where do the Nung live?
Phong: (5) ______________________________________________________________________
Thao: What is the population of the Nung?
Phong: (6) ______________________________________________________________________
Thao: Do they live in stilt houses?
Phong: (7) ______________________________________________________________________
Thao: What is their main source of living?
Phong: (8) ______________________________________________________________________
Thao: How many festivals do they have in a year?
Phong: (9) ______________________________________________________________________
Thao: All correct! You did study hard. Take a rest. Let’s go out for a drink.
Phong: (10) _____________________________________________________________________
D. READING
I. Fill in each gap with a word from the box.
including display ethnic which diversity viewed throughout home

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 6

 Vietnam Museum of Ethnology in Hanoi offers an insight into the 54 different (1)______
groups of Vietnam in an effort to preserve cultural heritage and promotesocio-cultural
(2)_________ within the country.
The museum has over 15,000 artefacts (3)________ photographs and othermulti-media such
as audiotapes. Its indoor exhibition space can be (4)________ viaa virtual tour (5)________
includes the Viet, Muong, Tho, Chut, Tay, Thai, Ka Dai,H’Mong-Dao, Tang, San Dui, Ngai,
Mon-Khmer, Nam-Dao, Cham, Hoa and Khmerethnic groups. There are priceless antiques on
(6)_________ alongside everydayobjects such as pipes, baskets and knives.
The outdoor area presents a range of traditional (7)________ including a laystilt house and a
Viet house. The museum is suitable for children, and all documents and display signs (8)______
have been translated into French and English.
II. Read the text carefully, then do the tasks below.
The Muong are among the ethnic minority groups that have big populations in Vietnam. The
Muong share an estimate of 1.3 million people from their six sub-groups, such as Mol, Mual,
Moi, Moi Bi, Au Ta and Ao Ta. They are largely concentrated in the provinces of Hoa Binh and
Thanh Hoa particularly in mountainous districts. Theirlanguage belongs to the Viet-Muong
group and they hold many ceremonies year round.
The Muong have practiced farming for a long time and wet rice is their main food staple.
Most of their family’s other income is generated through the exploitation of forest products
including mushrooms, dried fungus, ammonium, and sticklac. The men are known for basketry
as women are skilled in silk spinning and loom weaving.
The Muong have diverse folk arts including folk songs and poems, sorcerer’s worshiping
songs, tales, proverbs, lullabies, and riddle songs. The gong is the most popular musical
instrument along with the flute, the two-string violin, the drum, and the panpipe.
A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. The Muong is one of the largest ethnic minorities in Vietnam.
2. The Muong are also called Mol, Mual, Moi, Mol Bi, Au Ta and Ao Ta.
3. The Muong don’t have their own language, so they speak Vietnamese.
4. The Muong live mainly on forest products, such as mushrooms and dried fungus.
5. Muong women are very good at making baskets and loom weaving.
6. The Muong have a rich treasure of folk arts.
B. Answer the questions.
1. What is the population of the Muong?
______________________________________________________________________
2. Where do the Muong mostly live?
______________________________________________________________________
3. What is the main food product of the Muong?
______________________________________________________________________
4. What are musical instruments of the Muong?
______________________________________________________________________
E. WRITING
I. Make sentences from the cues given.
1. which ethnic group/ second largest population/ Vietnam?

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 7

 _________________________________________________________________________
2. Sap dance/ typical dance/ Muong people/ the north.
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Most/ ethnic minorities/ Vietnam/ live/ mountainous areas.
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Thai ethnic minority/ well known/ beautifully woven garments
_________________________________________________________________________
5. The New Year celebration/ Lao ethnic group/ lunar April.
_________________________________________________________________________
6. Thai people/ account/ approximately 1.8%/ Vietnam’s population
_________________________________________________________________________
7. The Tay/ live/ fertile plains/ they/ cultivate/ rice/ keep/ cattle and poultry
_________________________________________________________________________
8. How long/ the Ede/ lived/ the high plateau region/ central Vietnam?
_________________________________________________________________________
II. Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. Your village is so beautiful!
What____________________________________________________________________
2. How long is it since you built this stilt house?
When____________________________________________________________________
3. Living in a big city is more convenient than living in a village.
It’s _____________________________________________________________________
4. Where does he live?
What____________________________________________________________________
5. Although the villagers are quite poor, they live a happy and healthy way.
In spite of________________________________________________________________
6. What did the local people say?
Could you tell me__________________________________________________________
7. Romantic films interest me more than war films.
I find____________________________________________________________________
8. A lot of people take the train from Oxford to London every day.
A lot of people travel_______________________________________________________
9. How about asking the local people for help?
Why_____________________________________________________________________
10. Is there an ancestral altar in the La Chi’s largest apartment?
Does____________________________________________________________________

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 8

 TEST FOR UNIT 3
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. a. school b. skull c. scenery d. sky
2. a. visited b. recommended c. wanted d. hoped
3. a. important b. boring c. minor d. northern
4. a. community b. custom c. costume d. museum
5. a. ethnic b. gather c. though d. clothing
II. Complete the sentences with the suitable words.

1. Cong-Chieng, or ________, is a musical instrument made of bronze.

2. Five-coloured ________ ________ is an important dish of almost

allethnic minorities.

3. The Rong house of the Xo Dang is a big ________ ________ with a

high roof.

4. Hmong farmers have been growing rice on the ________ ________

for hundreds of years.

5. The Xoe dance is one of the most popular ________ ________ of

the Thai ethnic group.

6. Black Thai women wear the ________ with colourful embroidery

called ‘khan pieu’.

7. My Son Sanctuary includes Cham ________ in a valley about 2 km

in diameter, surrounded by hills.

8. Hoa Ban ________ takes place on March, when orchids and peach
blossom everywhere in the north-western region.

III. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1. The Dao in the Sapa area is famous ________ its “love market.”
a. for b. in c. with d. to
2. The Thai live ________ farming on their burnt-over land and wet-rice terraced fields.
a. in b. on c. out d. up

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 9

3. The ________ house is a place where villagers gather for festivals and rituals.
a. terraced b. splendid c. communal d. thatched
4. There were lots of interesting folk games, _______ Kenny stayed a little longer to join them.
a. but b. because c. however d. so
5. ‘________ dress in red and black costume?’ ‘The Dao’
a. What b. Which c. Who d. When
6. What colour is ________ symbol of good luck for the Hoa?
a. a b. an c. - d. some
7. ________ in terraced fields is the main economic activity of ethnic people in Sapa.
a. Fishing b.Rice cultivation c. Hunting d.Gathering
8. ________ ethnic Khmer live in ________ Mekong Delta of Vietnam.
a. The / - b.The / a c.A / the d. The / the
9. The Vietnam Museum of Ethnology ________ by the architect Ha Duc Linh, a memberof the
Tay ethnic group.
a. designed b. has designed c. was designed d. was designing
10. ‘I have just taken an elephant ride in Buon Don.’ ‘________ How interesting!’
a. Certainly. b.Really? c.Terrible. d. Exactly.
IV. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
1. Most ethnicgroups live in rural areas, growing rice and practising slash-and-burn farm.
A B C D
2. The Muong people are the ethnic minority who live in the mountainous regions of Vietnam.
A B C D
3. We have recently visited some of the remote communities in the north highlands.
A B C D
4. Youth Ngai women did not receive the inheritance after their parents died.
A B C D
5. The Ta Oi managed preserving their proverbs, folk songs, and stories.
A B C D
6. Another typical musical instrument of the Raglai is the flat gong called Ma La.
A B C D
7. I want to visit the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology to learnfor 54 ethnic minority groups.
A B C D
8. Xo Dang men are good at architecture, sculpting, and paint.
A B C D
V. Supply the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. The first Brau _______________(come) to Vietnam about a century ago.
2. The majority of people in Vietnam _______________(belong) to the Kinh ethnic group.
3. Hoa Ban festival ____________(start) on March 17thand ____________(end) on March 19th.
4. Listen! _______________ those ethnic girls _______________(speak) the Ede language?
5. So far Nick _______________(learn) a lot about the ethnic minorities in Vietnam.
6. We _______________(be) to Buon Me Thuot city twice, but we _______________(never/

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 10

 visit) Don Village.
7. In the future, the local government _______________(organize) more activities topromote
the culture of ethnic groups.
8. These stilt houses _______________(build) over 50 years ago by the Tay people.
9. Tourists to Don Village enjoy __________(ride) elephants around the hamletor to the forest.
10. The elephants help local people _______________(work) in the fields, and carry goodsor
construction materials.
VI. Write the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Vietnam is one of the most ____________ diverse countries in South East Asia. (ethnic)
2. The Pa Then believe that the god of fire brings them ___________ and prosperity. (peaceful)
3. Festivals characterize customs and ____________ of a community. (believe)
4. The Glay practice rice ____________ in submerged fields. (cultivate)
5. The Tay community practice ______________ religious beliefs including ancestorworship.
(tradition)
6. The population of Vietnam contains a rich ____________ of ethnic groups. (diverse)
7. Ethnic ____________ make up about 15 percent of Vietnam’s population. (minor)
8. The communal house is usually used for village ____________. (festival)
9. Each time I returned I was struck by the ____________ of Sapa and its people. (unique)
10. The government carried out a programme to ____________ the health service inremote and
rural areas. (modern)
VII. Match the sentences.
1. Which ethnic group has a larger population, a. Not exactly. They are the third.
the Ede or the Muong?
2. Shall we join their folk games? b. It’s a folk dance called mua sap.
3. What is that dance? c. In Binh Phuoc and Dak Lak.
4. When does Sapa Love Market take place? d. The Muong.
5. Have you ever tried any ethnic specialities? e. By motorcycle or bus.
6. How can we go to Don village from Buon f. Every Saturday evening.
Me Thuot city?
7. The Thai is the second largest ethnic group in g. Sure. Which of those games would you
Vietnam. like to play?
8. Where do the M’Nong mainly live? h. Yes, I’ve tried some. They’re very
delicious.
VIII. Choose the word which best fits each gap.
There are nine sub-groups that are (1)_________ by the ethnic minority M’Nong, suchas Bru
Dang, Preh, Ger, Nong, Prang, PJam, Kuyenh, Chil Bu Nor, and M’Nong Bu Dang,with
combined estimate of 105,300 populations. They are concentrated (2)_________ southernparts
of the provinces of Binh Phuoc and Dak Lak and in parts of Lam Dong. They livein houses built
on (3)_________ or level with the ground, in every village where they usuallyhave dozens of
households. (4)_________ is observed and the children take the family nameof their mother. The
wife holds the key position in (5)_________ household. This grouplikes to have many children,
(6)_________ daughters and speak the language traced tothe Mon-Khmer Group. The M’Nong
use the slash-and-bum method of (7)_________.The M’Nong in Ban Don are well known for

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 11

their elephant hunting and domestication. Women handle the weaving of cotton cloth,
(8)_________ the men work on basketry.
1. a. ordered b. represented c. expressed d. symbolized
2. a. on b. at c. for d. in
3. a. bricks b. stilts c. slabs d. stones
4. a. Monarchy b. Patriarchy c. Matriarchy d. Democracy
5. a. a b. the c. every d. some
6. a. special b. specially c. especially d. especial
7. a. transport b. working c. researching d. farming
8. a. while b. when c. which d. where
IX. Read the text carefully, then answer the questions.
Vietnam is a multiethnic country with 54 ethnic groups. The Viet (Kinh) people account for
87% of the country’s population and mainly inhabit the Red River delta, the central coastal delta,
the Mekong delta and major cities. The other 53 ethnic minority groups, totaling over 8 million
people, are scattered over mountain areas spreading from the North to the South. Among ethnic
minorities, the most populated are Tay, Thai, Muong, Hoa, Khmer, Nung... with a population of
around 1 million each; while the least populated are Brau, Roman, Odu with several hundred
people each.
The main economic activity of most ethnic peoples is wet rice cultivation. A number of
ethnic minorities had mastered some farming techniques. They grew rice plants in swamped
paddy fields and carried out irrigation. Others go hunting, fishing, collecting and live a semi-
nomadic life. Each group has its own culture that is diverse and special. Beliefs and religions of
the Vietnamese ethnic minority groups are also disparate from each other.
1. How many ethnic groups are there in Vietnam?
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Where do the Kinh people mostly live?
_________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the population of the Tay?
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Which ethnic groups have the smallest population?
_________________________________________________________________________
5. What do most ethnic peoples mainly live on?
_________________________________________________________________________
6. Do the ethnic minority groups have the same culture, religion and belief?
_________________________________________________________________________
7. How is the culture of each ethnic group?
_________________________________________________________________________
X. Reorder the words to make sentences.
1. country/ with/ Vietnam/ 54/ is/ multiethnic/ a/ groups/ ethnic.
_________________________________________________________________________
2. minorities/ make/ population/ Ethnic/ up/ 15 percent/ of/ the/ of/ about/ Vietnam 3
_________________________________________________________________________

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 12

3. Most/ live/ of/ ethnic/ in/ minorities/ the/ the/ areas/ in/ north/ the/ mountainous.
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Vietnam/ Tay/ second/ the/ largest/ are/ the/ ethnic/ in/ group.
_________________________________________________________________________
5. are/ The/ known/ Nung/ including/ music and poetry/ for/ folk-art/ richness/ traditions/ their/
of.
_________________________________________________________________________
6. people/ a/ The/ Dao/ language/ speak/ Hmong-Dao/ of/ language system.
_________________________________________________________________________
7. not/ as/ The/ Nung/ costume/ is/ colourful/ of/ the/ as/ that/ of/ ethnic/ other/ groups.
_________________________________________________________________________
8, The/ Ede/ built/ on/ live/ in/ stilts/ in/ wooden/ villages/ longhouses/ as/ buon/ known.
_____________________________________________________________

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 13

 TEST YOURSELF 1

I. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. a. vast b. cart c. craft d.paddy
2. a. scarf b. school c. science d. scare
3. a. terraced b. satisfied c. hooked d. relaxed
4. a. ethnic b. unique c. basic d. diverse
5. a. sure b. soundly c. simple d. stilt
II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. a. generous b. nomadic c. interesting d. comfortable
2. a. community b. identify c. expensive d. socialize
3. a. colourful b. buffalo c. blackberry d. convenient
4. a. active b. commune c. diverse d. heritage
5. a. leisure b. minority c. exciting d. traditional
III. Complete each sentence with an appropriate word.
1. Nomadic people live in a __________, their traditional circular tent.
2. Carpentry isn’t really right up my __________. I’d rather pay someone else to do it.
3. Cycling, running and swimming are all good leisure __________ you should try.
4. I’m curious __________ethnic groups in Vietnam.
5. Gong is a traditional __________ instrument of peoples in the Central Highlands.
6. My sister is __________ to Facebook. She checks Facebook all the time.
7. There are some famous open-air __________ in the northern provinces such asCoc Ly, Bac
Ha, Lung Phin, etc.
8. I love __________ out with my best friend Helen.
IV. Choose the answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. We are all hook ________ making star lanterns.
a. in b. off c. on d. to
2. Their family have moved to the city ________ 2001.
a. horn b.for c.in d. since
3. The Kinh have the largest number of people, ________ for 86% of the population.
a. holding b.taking c. accounting d. numbering
4. I’m tired of ________ inthe city. It’s too busy, noisy and dirty.
a. live b.to live c.to be lived d. living
5. ________ drop that mobile phone and do your homework?
a. Why don’t you b. How about c. Would you mind d. When did you
6. The Hmong of Sa Pa are called Black Hmong ________ their mainly black clothing.
a. because of b.in spite of c.in order to d. according to
7. People in rural areas live ________ than those in cities.
a. simplier b.more simply c. more simple d. simpler

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 14

8. The highlands of northern Vietnam are home to the 1.5 million-strong Tay, ________
minority group.
a. Vietnam’s largest b. the Vietnam’s largest
c. a Vietnam’s largest d. the largest Vietnam
9. ________ is the Nung’s clothing? ~ Indigo.
a. What b.Which group c. What colour d. Whose
10 ‘I find it hard to build a toy car.’ ‘But ________’
a. my pleasure b. it’s my fault.
c. it sounds great! d. it’s right up your street!
V. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
1. We’ve listed lots of better things to do instead of watch TV.
A B C D
2. The clothing of one group is quite differently from that of other groups.
A B C D
3. When you play game online, be carefulwhen you make friends to strangers.
A B C D
4. She goes to the dance club with her friends every evening Sunday.
A B C D
5. Han lives in ancottage house in Cuc Phuong national park.
A B C D
6. Playing team sports gives you much fun than individual sports.
A B C D
7. They found the games more difficultyto win than they had expected.
A B C D
8. Wonderful family days outare some of most special memories
A B C D
9. Co Tu people love to share with guests about their live and tradition.
A B C D
10. Do you know that an average person check Facebook over30 hours a week?
A B C D
VI. Supply the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
1. ______________ (you/ ever/ take) a trip to the countryside? It’s really interesting!
2. For many nomads, their cattle ______________ (provide) meat, milk, and hides fortheir own
use.
3. When I was a kid, I ______________ (spend) hours gleaning rice from paddy fields.
4. Sa Pa’s love market ______________ (be) an unique aspect in the culture of the Mong and
Dao ethnic groups for a long time.
5. Where is Jeanny? ~ She ______________ (practise) the piano in the music room.
6. ______________ (your family/ move) to the city in 2008?
7. Basketry, pottery and indigo cloth _____________ (produce) by the Rhade for theirown use.
8. I’ve got the tickets. Next week we ______________ (visit) Hanoi.

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 15

9. Do you fancy ______________ (come) on a day trip to my uncle’s form next Saturday?
10. Nomadic children learn ______________ (herd) the cattle when they are small.
VII. Write the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. His ______________ to the Internet is taking over his life. (addict)
2. Who lives more happily, ______________ or city dwellers? (nomadic)
3. Children in rural areas often travel to school ______________ than those in big cities. (far)
4. Red River Delta is an agriculturally rich area and densely ______________. (populate)
5. Dao and San Chay have ______________ practised shifting cultivation. (tradition)
6. The Internet has already changed the way people ______________. (social)
7. Thai women are very skilled ______________ and produce beautiful embroidery. (weave)
8. Groups of boys and young girls perform traditional love songs in ______________ that can
last all night. (festival)
VIII. Match the sentences.
1. Where would you like to go for our Just a 30-minute drive.
holiday this year?
2. Is there any open-air market in your
neighborhood?
3. My brother used to hate chatting, but
now he likes doing it.
4. We’ll take you to a floating market. You
can buy fruits and have lunch on a boat.
5. What do you do at the weekend?
6. How do you think about the ethnic
minority costumes?
7. Although I really love my hometown, I
want to live in Ho Chi Minh city.
8. Nowadays young people are becoming
too dependent on the Internet.
a. Very nice! Most of them are colourful
and creatively crafted.
b. Why? Is life in a big city more
convenient?
c. Exactly. Web gives too many teens too
many distractions.
d. Really? Who does he usually chat with?

e. I hang out with my friends.

f. How interesting! Where isit?

g. How about going to Sapa and visiting

some ethnic minority villages?
h. No. But there’s a big one not far away.

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM 16

IX. Choose the word which best fits each gap.
Are you a screenager? Are you (1)________ glued to the TV, texting your friends,chatting
online, or perhaps trying to move (2)________ another level in one of yourfavourite video
games? Well, if you are, you are in the majority.
Most teenagers do almost (3)________ electronically. They watch digital TV, listento music
on a digital MP3 player and (4)________ with friends through email, instantmessaging or by
mobile phone. Teenagers even do most of their reading online now. When they need help with
their homework, it’s often the Internet that they (5)________.
Experts from all over the world worry that teenagers’ addiction to technology ishaving an
effect (6)________ on their health and on their behaviour. In some countries,teenagers are
getting help. In Asia, there are even boot camps (7)________ childrenreceive psychological help
and treatment. It’s (8)________ that these types of camps willbecome common in other countries
in the future.
1. a. definitely b. constantly c. hardly d. finally
2. a. in b. off c. out d. up
3. a. everything b. something c. anything d. nothing
4. a. relate b. socialize c. join d. communicate
5. a. carry on b. get off c. turn to d. find out
6. a. either b. all c. both d. whether
7. a. which b. where c. what d. that
8. a. probable b. difficult c. comfortable d. satisfied
X. Read the test carefully, then do the tasks below.
The Hmong, or Meo, who number about 800,000, are found in villages known as giao
throughout the highlands of northern Vietnam. The Hmong migrated to Vietnam from the
southern China at the beginning of the 19th century.
The Hmong minority group has been subdivided into branches classified by women’s
costume, dialect and customs. For example, the Hmong of Sa Pa are called Black Hmong
because of their predominantly black clothing. The most colourful sub-group are the Flower
Hmong, found in large numbers around Bac Ha in Lao Cai province, who wear bright-coloured
clothes with embroidery.
Corn is the main staple of Hmong people, but rice is often grown on terraces watered with
the aid of irrigation. Hemp is grown to be woven into textiles, and cotton is also cultivated in
some villages. As skilled artisans, the Hmong produce a variety of items, including handwoven
indigo-dyed cloth, paper, silver jewellry, leather goods, baskets and embroidery. The Hmong
have no written language. Their legends, songs, folklore and proverbs have been passed down
from one generation to the next through the spoken word.
A. Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).

TEST YOURSELF 117

1. The Hmong in Vietnam have a population of 8 million people.
2. They immigrated from China approximately 300 years ago.
3. Black Hmong women wear black clothing.
4. Rice is the most important crop of Hmong people.
5. Hemp is cultivated for textile fiber.
6. The Hmong don’t have their own language.
B. Answer the questions.
1. What Is the other name of the Hmong?
_________________________________________________________________________
2. When did the Hmong come to Vietnam?
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Why are the Hmong of Sa Pa called Black Hmong?
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Where do the Hmong grow rice?
_________________________________________________________________________
5. What are the products of the Hmong people?
_________________________________________________________________________
6. How have their legends, songs, folklore and proverbs been passed down?
_________________________________________________________________________

XI. Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. Flying a kite in the countryside is very exciting.
It’s_________________________________________________________________________
2. I have done voluntary work for three years.
I started ____________________________________________________________________
3. It’s not necessary to change the dates of our trip.
We_________________________________________________________________________
4. Do you want me to show you how to use this?
Would______________________________________________________________________
5. It took me two hours to walk to her village.
I spent______________________________________________________________________
6. Millions of tourists visit the Museum of Ethnology every year.
The Museum of Ethnology______________________________________________________
7. Jane makes crafts better than her sister.

TEST YOURSELF 118

 Jane’s sister doesn’t___________________________________________________________
8. Let’s go to my uncle’s farm at the weekend.
Amy suggested.....................................................................................................................

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIETNAM

A. PHONETICS
I. 1. crisps 2. ski 3. speed 4. stars 5.steak 6.spider
7. desk 8. costume 9. festival 10. basket 11. stilt house 12. skirt
13. sport 14. sticky rice 15. west 16. skating
II. /sk/: kiosk, skip, ask, skill, risky, sky, scare, school
/sp/: spicy, especial, aspect, correspond, sparse, speech, speciality
/st/: vest, story, tourist, stilt, toaster, stairs, costume
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. 1. j 2. g 3. b 4. i 5. a 6. d 7. f 8. e 9. h 10. c
II. 1. stilt houses 2. speciality 3. diverse 4. unique
5. folk dances 6. costume 7. heritage site 8. ornaments
9. terraced fields 10. Ethnic minorities
III. 1. d 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. a 8. b
IV. 1. Which 2. How many 3. What 4. Whose 5. Where
6.How often 7. Who 8.How far 9. What 10. When
V. 1. Who is the girl with a shawl on her head?
2.How many main festivals do the Khmer have in a year?
3.Which is the smallest ethnic group in Vietnam?
4.What is the biggest festival of Khmer people?
5.Where can we find terraced fields?
6.How far is it from Bom Bo village to Ho Chi Minh city? / How far is Bom Bo village from Ho
Chi Minh city?
7.Why did they build their houses on stilts?
8.What is the population of the Tay ethnic group?
9.How long have the Tay lived in Vietnam?
10.Where do the M’nong mainly live?
VI. 1. a 2. the 3. a 4. an 5. the 6. – 7. a - an 8. an 9. the - the

TEST YOURSELF 119

 10. The - (–) 11. a - the 12. The - (–) - the
VIII. 1. A 2. the - the 3. a - the 4. a - a 5. a - the
6. a - the 7. an - the 8. an - the 9. the - the 10. a - the
VIII. 1. the 2. – 3. the 4. A 5. – 6. – 7. a 8. the 9. a 10. the
IX. 1. peacefully 2. celebrated 3. majority 4. communal
5. Embroidery 6. speciality/ specialty 7. mountainous 8. Woven
9. ethnicities 10. culturally
X. 1. about 2. for 3. on 4. in - in 5. for 6. at 7. of 8. to 9. for 10. of
C. SPEAKING
I. 1. What would you like to know?
2. Why don’t the Tay allow guests to sit in the room of their altar?
3. Where do the Pu Peo farm on?
4. What did they do to bring water to their rice fields?
5. What language do the Muong speak?
6. How many apartments does a typical La Chi stilt house have?
7. When did some ethnic groups live a semi-nomadic life?
8. By whom was Ako Dhong village established?
9. How do most people in the village live?
10. How far is the open air market from your village? / How far is it from your village to
the open air market?
II. 1. E 2. A 3. H 4. G 5. C 6. J 7. B 8. F 9. I 10. D
D. READING
I. 1. ethnic 2. diversity 3. including 4. viewed 5. which
6. display 7. homes 8. throughout
II. A. 1.T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T
B. 1. The population of the Muong is 1.3 million people.
2.The Muong mostly live in Hoa Bỉnh and Thanh Hoa.
3.Wet rice is the main food product of the Muong.
4.They are the gong, the flute, the two-string violin, the drum and the panpipe.
E. WRITING
I. 1. Which ethnic group has the second largest population in Vietnam?
2.Sap dance is a typical dance of Muong people in the north.
3.Most of the ethnic minorities in Vietnam live in the mountainous areas.
4.Thai ethnic minority is well known for its beautifully woven garments.

TEST YOURSELF 120

 5.The New Year celebration of Lao ethnic group is in lunar April.
6.Thai people account for approximately 1.8% of Vietnam’s population.
7.The Tay live on fertile plains where they cultivate rice and keep cattle and poultry.
8.How long have the Ede lived in the high plateau region of central Vietnam?
II. 1. What a beautiful village!
2.When did you build this stilt house?
3.It’s more convenient to live in a big city than to live in a village.
4.What is his address?
5.In spite of being poor/ their poverty, the villagers live a happy and healthy way.
6.Could you tell me what the local people said?
7. I find romantic films more interesting than war films.
8.A lot of people travel from Oxford to London by train every day.
9.Why don’t we ask the local people for help? / Why not ask the local people for help?
10.Does the La Chi’s largest apartment have an ancestral altar?
TEST FOR UNIT 3
I. 1. c 2. d 3. c 4. b 5. a
II. 1. gong 2. sticky rice 3. stilt house 4. terraced fields
5. folk dances 6. shawl 7. temples 8. festival
III. 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. c 6. a 7. b 8. d 9. c 10. b
2. belong 5. has learned 8. were built
IV. 1. D (slash-and-burn farming) 2. B (an ethnic) 3. D (northern) 4. A (Young)
5. B (to preserve) 6. D (the Ma La) 7. D (about) 8. D (painting)
V. 1. came 2. belong 3. starts - ends
4. Are... speaking 5. has learnt 6. have been - have never visited
7. will organize 8. were built 9. riding
10. to work/ work
VI. 1. ethnically 2. peace 3. beliefs 4. cultivation 5. traditional
6. diversity 7. minorities 8. festivities 9. uniqueness 10. modernize
VII. 1. d 2. g 3. b 4. f 5. h 6. e 7. a 8. c
VIII. 1.b 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. c 7. d 8. a
IX. 1. There are 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam.
2.The Kinh people mostly live in the Red River delta, the central coastal delta, the
Mekong delta and major cities.
3.The population of the Tay is about 1 million.

TEST YOURSELF 121

 4.Brau, Roman and Odu have the smallest population.
5.Most ethnic peoples live on wet rice cultivation.
6.No, they don’t.
7.The culture of each ethnic group is diverse and special.
X. 1. Vietnam is a multiethnic country with 54 ethnic groups.
2.Ethnic minorities make up about 15 percent of the population of Vietnam.
3.Most of the ethnic minorities live in the mountainous areas in the north.
4.The Tay are the second largest ethnic group in Vietnam.
5.The Nung are known for their richness of folk-art traditions including music and
poetry.
6.The Dao people speak a language of Hmong-Dao language system.
7.The costume of the Nung is not as colourful as that of other ethnic groups.
8.The Ede live in wooden longhouses built on stilts in villages known as buon.
TEST YOURSELF1
I. 1. d 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. a
II. 1. b 2. d 3. d 4. c 5. a
III. 1.ger 2. street 3. activities 4. about 5.musical
6. addicted 7. markets 8. hanging
IV. 1. c 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. a 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. c 10. d
V. 1. D (watching) 2. C (different from) 3. D (with) 4.D (Sunday evening)
5. B (a) 6. C (more) 7. A (difficult) 8. D (of the most)
9. C (life) 10. B (checks)
VI. 1. Have you ever taken 2. provide 3. spent 4. has been
5. is practising 6. Did your family move 7. are produced 8. are going to visit
9. coming 10.to herd
VII. 1. addiction 2. nomads 3. further/ farther 4. populated
5. traditionally 6. socialise 7. weavers 8. festivities
VIII. 1. g 2. h 3. d 4.f 5.e 6. a 7. b 8.c
IX. 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. d 5. c 6. c 7. b 8. a
X. A. 1.F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F
B. 1. The other name of the Hmong is Meo.
2.The Hmong came to Vietnam at the beginning of the 19th century.
3.The Hmong of Sa Pa are called Black Hmong because of their predominantly black
clothing.

TEST YOURSELF 122

 4.The Hmong grow rice on terraces.
5.The products of the Hmong people are handwoven indigo-dyed cloth, paper, silver
Jewellery, leather goods, baskets and embroidery.
6.Their legends, songs, folklore and proverbs have been passed down from one
generation to the next through the spoken word.
XI. 1. It’s very exciting to fly a kite in the countryside.
2. I started to do/ doing voluntary work three years ago.
3.We don’t need to change the dates of our trip.
4.Would you like me to show you how to use this?
5. I spent two hours walking to her village.
6.The Museum of Ethnology is visited by millions of tourists every year.
7.Jane’s sister doesn’t make crafts as well as Jane does.
8.Amy suggested going to her uncle’s farm at the weekend./ Amy suggested we
(should)go to her uncle’s farm at the weekend.

TEST YOURSELF 123