Surveying - Lab Report 3
Surveying - Lab Report 3
SURVEYING LABORATORY
PROFESSOR: ENGR. IDA P. PANDAWE
EXERCISE NO. 3
I) INTRODUCTION
For sloping ground or uneven ground, taping is handled similarly to taping over level
ground. The tape is held horizontally but one or both tape men have to use plumb bobs.
Sometimes, large elevation difference makes it impossible to use an entire tape. For some
situations, only part of the tape is in such used. The head tape man holds the zero-end and
the rear tape man holds a convenient distance which will allow the selected length of tape to
be horizontal. Another procedure for measuring up or down a slope is called the "breaking
tape” method. The rear tape man holds the 30-m end of the tape over a point while the
head tape man proceeds forward until it becomes impossible to keep the tape horizontal,
e.g., at the 25-m mark. The rear tape man then moves up to the head tape man and holds
the tape at the 25-m mark over the new point while the head tape man proceeds until the 0-
mark of the chain are reached at which point the whole process is repeated. Each 30-meter
length of tape must be recorded individually.
II) OBJECTIVES
1) To determine the horizontal length of a line over uneven and sloping ground with the
tape supported throughout the length.
o Masking Tape
o Plumb Bob
Figure 1 shows the cross-sectional view of line AB. It includes the length of the line AB
which is 4.98m, and the length of each point with respect to its elevation.
Figure 2: Cross-Sectional View of Line BA
Figure 2 shows the cross-sectional view of line BA. It includes the length of the line BA
which is 4.95m, and the length of each point with respect to its elevation.
Table 1: Determining the Relative Precision of the Measurements
RELATIVE
DIFFERENCE MEAN
TRIAL LINE LENGTH PRECISION
(ΔL) (x̅)
(PR)
1 AB 4.98 m
0.03 m 4.965 m 0.006
2 BA 4.95 m
Table 1 shows the data gathered while performing procedures 1(A to F) & 2(A to C).
Two (2) trials of series taping were conducted between two (2) points, point A and point B.
The difference was determined by getting the difference between the two (2) measurements,
line AB and line BA. The mean was determined by getting the sum of the two measurements
and dividing it by the number of trials. The Relative Precision was determined by dividing the
difference between the two measurements by their mean.
Computations:
A) Change in Length Computation:
∆L = L2 - L1 ∆L = 4.95 m - 4.98 m ∆L=|- 0.03 m|
∆L = 0.03 m
B) Mean Computation:
x́ =
∑L x́ =
4.98 m + 4.96 m
x́ = 4.965 m
n 2