Scribd
Upload
3K views9 pages

Surveying - Lab Report 2

This document summarizes a surveying laboratory exercise on measuring distance over a smooth, level ground using a steel tape measure. The objectives were to determine the horizontal length of a 100m line by taping in both directions and finding the mean. The equipment used was a 5m steel tape measure and masking tape. The procedure involved marking start and end points, taping in 30m lengths while supported, and calculating the difference and relative precision between trials. The relative precision was found to be 0.006, within the acceptable range, demonstrating accurate measurement over level ground using this taping technique.

Uploaded by

Jhett
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3K views9 pages

Surveying - Lab Report 2

This document summarizes a surveying laboratory exercise on measuring distance over a smooth, level ground using a steel tape measure. The objectives were to determine the horizontal length of a 100m line by taping in both directions and finding the mean. The equipment used was a 5m steel tape measure and masking tape. The procedure involved marking start and end points, taping in 30m lengths while supported, and calculating the difference and relative precision between trials. The relative precision was found to be 0.006, within the acceptable range, demonstrating accurate measurement over level ground using this taping technique.

Uploaded by

Jhett
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

COLEGIO DE MUNTINLUPA

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SURVEYING LABORATORY
PROFESSOR: ENGR. IDA P. PANDAWE
EXERCISE NO. 2

TAPING OVER A SMOOTH AND LEVEL GROUND


TITLE

NAME : CRIS JESTER H. DAVID DATE PERFORMED : 09/21/2020


SECTION : BSCE - 3 DATE SUBMITTED : 09/24/2020

I) INTRODUCTION
The common method in measuring the distance is by direct measurement with a tape.
The distance measured with a steel tape is much more precise than the distance obtained by
pacing. The precision obtained depends upon the degree of refinement with which the
measurements are taken. Ordinarily, taping over flat, smooth ground with a steel tape or
chain, divided in hundredths of a foot, provides a precision of one in three thousand to one
in five thousand. When the ground is fairly smooth and the ground cover vegetation is light
and low, the effort required to measure the distance between two points or to set a point
ahead of some required distance is very minimal. If the ground is not too rough and hilly and
in general considered as gently rolling, the taping procedure required would be slightly more
difficult than that required for taping on flat ground. In this field work report, the reader will
learn techniques and principles as well as some considerations to be made when taping a
leveled ground.
II) OBJECTIVES
1) To determine the horizontal length of a line over a smooth and level ground with the
tape supported throughout the length.

III) INSTRUMENTS AND ACCESSORIES


o 5m Steel Tape Measure

- Used for measuring distances.

o Masking Tape

- Used for marking a certain point from the ground.


IV) PROCEDURE
1) Using hubs, mark both ends of the line (100m. long) to be measured. Place a range pole
behind each point and also establish intermediate points along the line to ensure
unobstructed sight lines. If the point to be marked is on a pavement, use chalk or marking
crayons. Designate these end points as A and B.
2) The rear tapeman with one pin stations himself at the point of beginning and the head
tapeman takes the zero end of the tape and advances toward the other end of the line to
be measured.
3) When the head tapeman has gone nearly a full tape length, the rear tapeman calls “tape”
to stop the head tapeman. The rear tapeman then holds the 30 m. or 100 ft. mark at the
starting point and aligns the other end of the tape held by the head tapeman on the
range pole set behind the end point or on any of the intermediate points earlier
established along the line.
4) with the 30 m. mark at the starting point, and the head tapeman aligned, the rear
tapeman calls “all right”. The head tapeman then pulls the tape taut and sticks a chaining
pin in the ground to mark the 0 m. end of the tape. If the measurement is done on
pavement, a chalk or marking crayon is used to mark the end of the tape.
5) The rear tapeman picks up his chaining pin and the head tapeman pulls the tape forward
and the process is repeated for the next full tape length.
6) When the end of the line is almost reached and the last full tape length has been
measured, the remaining partial length is then measured. The rear tapeman holds the
tape until he has a full meter (or foot) mark at his chaining pin while the head tapeman
pulls the tape taut and takes note of the fractional measurement read from the tape end.
7) After the measurement of the whole line is completed, a second measurement should be
made along be made along the opposite direction. The mean of the two measurements
is taken as the most probable value of the length of the line.
8) Tabulate observed and computed values accordingly.
V) DATA, TABLES AND COMPUTATIONS
Table 1: Determining the Relative Precision of the Measurements

RELATIVE
DIFFERENCE MEAN
TRIAL LINE LENGTH PRECISION
(ΔL) (x̅)
(PR)
1 AB 100 m
0.06 m 99.97 m 0.006
2 BA 99.94 m

Table 1 shows the data gathered while performing procedures 1 – 8. Two (2) trials of
taping were conducted between two (2) points, point A and point B. The difference was
determined by getting the difference between the two (2) measurements, line AB and line
BA. The mean was determined by getting the sum of the two measurements and dividing it
by the number of trials. The Relative Precision was determined by dividing the difference
between the two measurements by their mean.
Computations:

1) Determining Relative Precision (PR):

A) Change in Length Computation:


∆L= L2 - L1 ∆L= 99.94-100 ∆L= |- 0.06|

∆L=0.06 m

B) Mean Computation:

x́ =
∑L x́ =
100+99.94
x́ = 99.97 m
n 2

C) Relative Precision Computation:


∆L 0.06 60
PR = PR = PR = or 0.006P R ≥0.001 0.006 > 0.001
x́ 99 .97 9997

∴ Acceptable precision is attained.


VI) CONCLUSION
All measurements in plane surveying are taken to be horizontal. This can be achieved
using either the tape is held horizontally while the measurements are taken, or the tape is
held along the ground. Based on this activity, measuring the distance on a leveled ground by
taping along the ground is more convenient than taping while the tape is held above the
ground horizontally due to unleveled ground. However, taping along the ground can only be
used if the ground is leveled, otherwise some errors might occur.
Errors always happens in every field work but as long as you know it, you can take it in
considerations. In measuring distance, always keep it in a straight path. Keeping the line of
measurement straight requires both rear tape man and pole man’s attention especially if the
when the tape is being held in a certain level due to unleveled ground.
On the two different methods of measuring linear distance, taping method is more
accurate than pacing, but pacing is more convenient if a quick measurement is desired. Using
either of them, learning the principles and correct procedures on how to perform each
methods of measurement required to be practiced especially in engineering. High accuracy
should be achieved in any measurement to be made, either leveled or uneven ground.
VII) RECOMMENDATIONS
This activity should be performed on a leveled ground otherwise it may cause huge
amount of error in measurement. Patience is a must when measuring long distances between
the points especially it is performed by two trials and also to achieve a greater precision.
Using a five (5) meter measuring tape is hard to pull of because twenty (2) measurements at
least should be done in order to cover a one hundred (100) meter distance, but then it is a
total of three hundred (200) meters because it is measured in two (2) trials, so the longer the
measuring tape is, the better.
APPENDIX A: DOCUMENTATION

Figure 1: Marking Points

Figure 2: Measuring a Distance

You might also like