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Objective: The Main Objective of This Experiment To Understand The Characteristics of A Flow Transducer As Position Tranducer. Abstract

This document describes a liquid level control system using a float sensor based on buoyancy principles. It also discusses flow control systems that use control valves or variable frequency drives to regulate centrifugal pumps. The main challenges in flow control are controlling nonlinear processes and actuators to meet stringent performance requirements. An example flow control system is shown using a control valve or variable frequency drive/motor/pump assembly as the control element. The procedure describes setting up and calibrating the system in the lab to obtain voltage readings at different flow rates.

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mubashar husain ansar
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101 views4 pages

Objective: The Main Objective of This Experiment To Understand The Characteristics of A Flow Transducer As Position Tranducer. Abstract

This document describes a liquid level control system using a float sensor based on buoyancy principles. It also discusses flow control systems that use control valves or variable frequency drives to regulate centrifugal pumps. The main challenges in flow control are controlling nonlinear processes and actuators to meet stringent performance requirements. An example flow control system is shown using a control valve or variable frequency drive/motor/pump assembly as the control element. The procedure describes setting up and calibrating the system in the lab to obtain voltage readings at different flow rates.

Uploaded by

mubashar husain ansar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objective:

The main objective of this experiment to understand the characteristics of a flow


transducer as position tranducer.

Abstract:
Introduction:

Process Tank

Solenoid Valve

Needle Valve

Drain Valve

Fig 1.5(Liquid Level Process)

A liquid level control system by using a float sensor works on the principle of buoyancy, which
states, “A float immersed in a liquid is buoyed towards upward direction by an applied equal
force to the weight of the displaced liquid’’. Liquid level sensors are termed as the sensors used
for detecting liquid levels or interfaces between liquids such as water and oil or solids and liquids
The fluid flow control systems can be classified depending on the type of pressure source, on the
pipe system structure and on the control element. Depending on the pressure source type, the
flow control systems can be equipped with centrifugal pumps or volumetric pumps. Concerning
the pipe structure, the flow control systems can be used within the hydraulic systems with
branches or without branches. The control element within the flow control systems can be the
control valve or the assembly variable frequency drive – electric engine - centrifugal pumps.
Theory:
It is relatively easy to control a flow loop because it is naturally a first-order process with a small
delay time. Since the flow loops are the foundation of a process control system (for instance, it is
typically used as the inner loop of a cascade control system), their control performance is critical.
Namely, how fast the Process Variable reaches Set point, whether there is an overshoot, how fast
the overshoot damps out, and how fast Process Variable can settle within a desired range can all
be the quality criteria for the flow loop.

In flow control, the commonly used actuators are all nonlinear components by nature.

A control valve is almost never a linear component. It can have a concave, convex, or S-shaped
nonlinear relationship between its input and output. Some of them even have hysteresis behavior
that makes the problem much worse.

1) A variable frequency drive (VFD) saves energy but is naturally a nonlinear device.

2) A flow pump driven by a pulse-width modulator (PWM) based on the duty cycles does not
necessarily have a linear relationship with the flow.

In addition, the inevitable wear and tear of the actuator can make the nonlinear behavior worse.
Therefore, the challenge for flow control is mainly how to control a nonlinear process with
stringent control performance requirements.
Working principle:
The operation of the control system is based on the controlled action of the control valve
hydraulic resistance, so that the hydraulic energy introduced by the centrifugal pump ensures the
fluid circulation, within the flow conditions imposed and at the pressure of vessel destination and
recovers the pressure loss associated to the pipe, associated to the local hydraulic resistances and
associated to the control valve. The study and the design of this flow control system need the
mathematical modeling of the centrifugal pump, of the pipe, of the local resistances, as well as of
the control valve hydraulic resistance.

Figure-03 flow control system


In this figure the flow control system having as control element the control valve: FE – the
sensitive element (diaphragm); FT – differential pressure transducer; FIC – flow controller; FY –
electro-pneumatic convertor; FV – flow control valve.
The flow control system having as control element the assembly - frequency static convertor –
electric motor – centrifugal pump is made of:
 Process, made of a pipe without branches and local hydraulic resistances;
 Flow transducer, made of a primary element (diaphragm) and a differential pressure
transducer;
 Feedback controller with proportional –integrator control algorithm;
 Control element made of variable frequency drive – electric motor – centrifugal pump.
Applications:
Washing Machine
Water dispensers
Water evaporators
Steamers
Monitoring system of boilers
Juice squeezers
Steam irons
Automated coffee machines
Procedure:
According to lab manual first we connected, through leads, pin no. 8 of the pump driver to the
bush of setpoint 1, pin no 9 to adjust the bush and pin no. 10 to its adjacent bush.
Then started the pump regulating the voltage on set point 1 at 10 volts.
Regulated the valve manual valve to read on the flowmeter 6 lit/min: if the value was slightly
lower, regulated the manual valve to reach the value closely higher.
We regulated the voltage on setpoint 1 at 0V.
Connected pin no 1 and 2 of the flow sensor to its adjacent pins of the relevant interface.
Inserted one terminal offset to read the value 0V on the multimeter.
Started the pump regulating the voltage on set point 1 at 10 V.
Regulated the trimmer gain to read on the multimeter value 9 V, in case the flow read and
calculated is 6 lit/min.
Regulated the valve manual valve to all the value of flow and write down the voltage values read
on the voltmeter.
Put on the main switch.
Removed all the connections.
Draw the graph of the voltage as the function of flow rate.

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