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    Homogeneous Flow Model

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    أحمد إبراهيم شوارب
    The homogeneous flow model treats two fluids flowing together as a single pseudo-fluid with averaged properties. This allows the use of single-phase equations for continuity, momentum, and energy by replacing fluid properties with mixture properties. The model assumes negligible slip velocity between phases, uniform mixing at the mixture velocity, and thermodynamic equilibrium. Equations are developed relating the pressure gradient to friction factors, geometry, fluid properties, and flow rates. The only unknown is the two-phase friction factor, with other inputs including phase properties, rates, geometry, inclination, and void fraction change with length.

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    Homogeneous Flow Model

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    أحمد إبراهيم شوارب
    46 views4 pages
    The homogeneous flow model treats two fluids flowing together as a single pseudo-fluid with averaged properties. This allows the use of single-phase equations for continuity, momentum, and energy by replacing fluid properties with mixture properties. The model assumes negligible slip velocity between phases, uniform mixing at the mixture velocity, and thermodynamic equilibrium. Equations are developed relating the pressure gradient to friction factors, geometry, fluid properties, and flow rates. The only unknown is the two-phase friction factor, with other inputs including phase properties, rates, geometry, inclination, and void fraction change with length.

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    M5_L9

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    The homogeneous flow model treats two fluids flowing together as a single pseudo-fluid with averaged properties. This allows the use of single-phase equations for continuity, momentum, and energy by replacing fluid properties with mixture properties. The model assumes negligible slip velocity between phases, uniform mixing at the mixture velocity, and thermodynamic equilibrium. Equations are developed relating the pressure gradient to friction factors, geometry, fluid properties, and flow rates. The only unknown is the two-phase friction factor, with other inputs including phase properties, rates, geometry, inclination, and void fraction change with length.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views4 pages

    Homogeneous Flow Model

    Uploaded by

    أحمد إبراهيم شوارب
    The homogeneous flow model treats two fluids flowing together as a single pseudo-fluid with averaged properties. This allows the use of single-phase equations for continuity, momentum, and energy by replacing fluid properties with mixture properties. The model assumes negligible slip velocity between phases, uniform mixing at the mixture velocity, and thermodynamic equilibrium. Equations are developed relating the pressure gradient to friction factors, geometry, fluid properties, and flow rates. The only unknown is the two-phase friction factor, with other inputs including phase properties, rates, geometry, inclination, and void fraction change with length.

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    of 4

    Module 5 :

    Homogeneous Flow Model

    Lecture 9 :
    Homogeneous Flow Model
    The homogeneous flow model considers the two fluids to be mixed intimately as shown in Fig-
    5.1 such that they can be approximated as a pseudo fluid with suitable average properties. Thus
    the single phase equations for continuity, momentum and energy can be applied to the two phase
    mixture by merely replacing the fluid property with mixture property.
    The assumptions of the model are as follows:-
    ¾ The slip velocity between the two phases is negligible or α = β
    ¾ Two fluids are uniformly mixed and moving as a pseudo fluid at the mixture velocity or
    u1 =u2=j.
    ¾ There is thermodynamic equilibrium between the phases

    utp=u1+u2 L

    θ D
    τw

    P (wetted perimeter)

    (Fig-5.1)

    Accordingly, the mass, momentum and energy equations for two phase homogeneous flow
    inclined at an angle θ from the horizontal can be written as

    Continuity: WTP = ρTPuTPA →5.1)

    duTP dp
    Momentum: WTP = − A − Pτ w − Aρ TP g sin θ → 5.2)
    dz dz
    ⎛ uTP
    2
    ⎞
    ⎜
    d ⎜ hTP + + gz ⎟
    dq e dw 2 ⎟
    Energy: − = WTP ⎝ ⎠ → 5.3)
    dz dz dz
    The pressure gradient can thus be obtained from eqn (5.2) as:
    ⎛ dp ⎞ P W du
    − ⎜ ⎟ = τ w + ρ TP g sin θ + TP TP → 5.4)
    ⎝ dz ⎠ A A dz

    ⎛ − dp ⎞ P ⎛ − dp ⎞ ⎛ − dp ⎞ W du
    Where ⎜ ⎟ = τw, ⎜ ⎟ = ρ TP g sin θ , ⎜ ⎟ = TP TP
    ⎝ dz ⎠ f A ⎝ dz ⎠ g ⎝ dz ⎠ a A dz

    In the above equations


    P = perimeter of the pipe = πD for a circular pipe
    π
    A = the cross sectional area of the pipe = D 2 for a circular pipe
    4
    D = pipe diameter
    ρ TP = αρ 2 + (1 − α )ρ1 = βρ 2 + (1 − β )ρ1
    θ is the pipe inclination from the horizontal orientation
    W TP= total mass flow rate = W1+W2
    uTP = j
    From single phase flow theory:
    2 2
    ⎛ − dp ⎞ u ⎛ − dp ⎞ 2f G
    ⎜ ⎟ = 2 f TP ρ TP TP or ⎜ ⎟ = TP TP (v1 + xv12 ) → 5.5)
    ⎝ dz ⎠ f D ⎝ dz ⎠ f D

    ⎛ − dp ⎞ du ⎛ − dp ⎞ d ⎛W ⎞
    ⎜ ⎟ = GTP TP or ⎜ ⎟ = GTP ⎜⎜ TP ⎟⎟ → 5.6)
    ⎝ dz ⎠ a dz ⎝ dz ⎠ a dz ⎝ Aρ TP ⎠

    When both density and area changes with length:-

    d ⎛⎜ 1 A ⎞⎟
    ⎛ − dp ⎞ ⎝ ρ ⎠ = GTPWTP d ⎛⎜ 1 ⎞ GTPWTP d ⎛ 1 ⎞
    ⎜ ⎟ = GTPWTP
    TP
    ⎟⎟ + ⎜ ⎟
    ⎝ dz ⎠ a dz A dz ⎜⎝ ρ TP ⎠ ρ TP dz ⎝ A ⎠ →5.7)
    2
    d ⎛ 1 ⎞ GTPWTP dA 2 d ⎛ 1 ⎞ GTP dA
    = GTP
    2
    ⎜ ⎟⎟ + − A −2 = GTP ⎜ ⎟⎟ −
    dz ⎜⎝ ρ TP ⎠ ρ TP dz dz ⎜⎝ ρ TP ⎠ ρ TP A dz

    d ⎛ 1 ⎞ d dv dx dv dx
    ⎜ ⎟⎟ = ( xv2 + (1 − x )v1 ) = x 2 + v 2 + (1 − x ) 1 − v1
    dz ⎜⎝ ρ TP⎠ dz dz dz dz dz
    → 5.8)
    dx dv dp dv dp
    = v12 + x 2 . + (1 − x ) 1 .
    dz dp dz dp dz
    Thus from eqns (5.4) to (5.8) we get
    dp 2 2⎡ dx 1 dA ⎤ 2 dp ⎡ dv 2 dv ⎤
    (− ) = ρ TP g sin θ + f TP GTP j + GTP ⎢v12 − ⎥ + GTP ⎢ x + (1 − x ) 1 ⎥
    dz D ⎣ dz ρ TP A dz ⎦ dz ⎣ dp dp ⎦

    ⎛ dp ⎞ ⎡ 2 ⎧ dv dv ⎫⎤ 2 2⎡ dx 1 dA ⎤
    Or ⎜ − ⎟ ⎢1 + GTP ⎨ x 2 + (1 − x ) 1 ⎬⎥ = ρ TP g sin θ + f TP GTP j + GTP ⎢v12 − ⎥
    ⎝ dz ⎠ ⎣ ⎩ dp dp ⎭⎦ D ⎣ dz ρ TP A dz ⎦
    Or
    2 f TP dx 1 dA
    GTP (v1 + xv12 ) + GTP v12 − GTP (v1 + xv12 ) + ρ TP g sin θ
    2 2 2

    ⎛ − dp ⎞ D dz A dz
    ⎜ ⎟= →5.9)
    ⎝ dz ⎠ 2 ⎡ dv 2 dv1 ⎤
    1 + GTP ⎢ x + (1 − x )
    ⎣ dp dp ⎥⎦

    In order to estimate pressure gradient from the aforementioned equation (5.9), the only unknown
    is fTP , the equivalent friction factor during two phase flow under homogeneous equilibrium
    condition. The other input parameters include the physical properties and flow rates of the two
    phases as well as conduit dimension, inclination and taper. It may be noted that dx/dz can be
    obtained from the heat balance equation as discussed in chapter3. Therefore, it is also an input
    parameter.

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