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Overview of FMC and TFM

Full matrix capture (FMC) is a method of acquiring ultrasonic testing data without beamforming, capturing raw A-scans from all transmit-receive element combinations. Total focusing method (TFM) is an imaging technique that processes FMC data, focusing computationally at all points to create high-resolution images. TFM allows for greater resolution and flexibility than phased array testing by focusing software across a full matrix of acquisition points rather than hardware focal laws. Saving the full FMC dataset allows reprocessing with TFM or other algorithms for improved inspection.

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Muhammad Umair
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© © All Rights Reserved
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506 views19 pages

Overview of FMC and TFM

Full matrix capture (FMC) is a method of acquiring ultrasonic testing data without beamforming, capturing raw A-scans from all transmit-receive element combinations. Total focusing method (TFM) is an imaging technique that processes FMC data, focusing computationally at all points to create high-resolution images. TFM allows for greater resolution and flexibility than phased array testing by focusing software across a full matrix of acquisition points rather than hardware focal laws. Saving the full FMC dataset allows reprocessing with TFM or other algorithms for improved inspection.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Umair
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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“Advancements in Full Matrix Capture

and the Total Focusing Method”


Presented by:
Alan Caulder
Advanced OEM Solutions (AOS/TPAC)
May 28, 2020
What Is FMC/TFM?
What Is FMC/TFM?

§ Full matrix capture (FMC) is a manner of acquiring ultrasonic testing


(UT) data:
• Pulse/receive method implemented by data acquisition hardware.
• No beam forming done in the hardware (no delay/focal laws) in contrast to
phased array (PA).
• No specific focal spot/zone: focused everywhere!
What Is FMC/TFM?

§ Total focusing method (TFM) is a popular image processing


technique:
• Once data is captured, a signal-processing or visualization algorithm is
implemented.
• FMC/TFM is thus FMC acquisition data imaged with the TFM algorithm.
FMC/TFM – Important Distinction!

Full Matrix Capture (FMC) Total Focusing Method (TFM)


§ Data acquisition performed via § Post-processing imaging of FMC data
hardware. performed via software.
An Introduction to
Full Matrix Capture (FMC)
Full Matrix Capture (FMC) Basics

§ Transmit ONE, receive ALL.


§ The “standard” pulse/receive sequence is …
• Transmit with element 1, then receive raw data (i.e., A-Scans) on all elements
in the aperture.
• Then pulse with element 2, receive all; pulse 3, receive all … and so forth.
Full Matrix Capture (FMC) Basics

§ One FMC acquisition cycle for a


64 element aperture is:
• 64 × 64 = 4096 raw A-scans
• As opposed to 64 A-scans with
PAUT (N vs. N ² )

Probe on aluminum block with side-drilled holes (SDHs).


Comparison of PAUT and FMC/TFM

PAUT Image of SDH Block FMC/TFM Image of SDH Block


Full Matrix Capture (FMC) Basics
Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4
Pulse
Pattern

Receive
Pattern

In this example, there are 4 elements …


4 × 4 = 16 raw A-scans
Full Matrix Capture (FMC) Basics

FMC matrix showing all A-scans


received across a seven-element
sub-aperture (note: actual A-
scans in an FMC matrix will differ
for each transmit/receive point).
An Introduction to
Total Focusing Method
(TFM)
Total Focusing Method (TFM) Basics

§ TFM is an advanced image reconstruction


technique, performed via software “post”-
processing.
§ By applying the TFM algorithm to FMC
data, the inspection can be focused at all
points within the focusable range of the
probe (near field).
Total Focusing Method (TFM) Basics
Total Focusing Method (TFM) Basics

§ User specifies inspection range,


pixel resolution, and offset of
reconstruction points.
§ TFM calculation is performed for
each reconstruction point.
§ “Zooming” applies the same
number of specified pixels to
the region of interest.
§ Thus, no limit to resolution
(depending on software).
Total Focusing Method (TFM) Basics

Example of saved FMC data with TFM algorithm (re)applied to a specific area of interest.
TFM Reconstruction Points

§ The number of available


TFM Total
reconstruction points in TFM Frame/Grid TFM
imaging is analogous to pixel Size Reconstruction Points
count on a TV. 128 × 128 ∽16,000

§ The more available 256 × 256 ∽65,000

reconstruction points = the 512 × 512 ∽262,000


better your inspection image! 1000 × 1000 ∽1,000,000
TFM Reconstruction Points
128 × 128 (16 k TFM Points) 1000 × 1000 (1 M TFM Points)
Benefits of Saving Full FMC Data Set for TFM Imaging

• Increased inspection speed via low-resolution acquisition and high-resolution


analysis.
• No need for successive acquisitions for multiple wave mode analysis.
• Ability to apply additional algorithms, such as enhanced TFM.
• Historical record of inspection data.

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