Chapter 4: Probability distributions

Question 1

x 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) 0.2 0.25 0.4 0.1
P(X=x) 0
(a) a= 1-(0.2+0.25+0.4+0.05)
= 0.1

0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5

(b) (i) P(1 ≤ X ≤ 3) = P(1)+ P(2)+ P(3)

= 0.2 + 0.25 + 0.4
= 0.85

(b) (ii) P(X > 2) = P(x=3)+P(x=3)+P(x=5)

= 0.4+0.1+0.05
= 0.55

(b) (iii) P(2 < X < 5 ) = P(x=3)+P(x=4)

= 0.4+0.1
= 0.85
(b) (iv) mode 3

Number 2
x 12 13 14
P(X=x) 12K 13K 14K

x 12 13 14
P(X=x) 0.3076923077 0.3333333333 0.358974359

Page 1
 12 K+13 K+14 K=1
39 K = 1
K = 1/39

Number 3

x 3 5 6 8
P(X=x) 0.1 0.05 0.45 3p10

since ∑ p(X=x) = 1,

0.1+0.05+0.45+3p10+p10 = 1

0.1+0.05+0.45+4p10 = 1

4p10 = 0.4

p10 = 0.1

x 3 5 6 8
P(X=x) 0.1 0.05 0.45 0.3

Number 4

x has probability distribution as shown in the table

x 1 2 3 4
P(X=x) 1/10 3/10 a 1/5

(a) 1/10+3/10+a+1/5+1/20
a= 7/20

(b) P(x>=4) P(X=4) + P(X=5)

=(1/5+1/20)
0.25

Number 6

Total number of socks = (8+4)=12

P(x=1) = (8/12)+(4/12)+(4/12)
= (2/27)

Page 2
P(x=2) = (8/12)+(8/12)+(4/12)
= (4/27)

Number 7

P(R=r)=c(3-r)for r = 0,1,2,3
(a)

r P(R=r) P(R=r) r
0 3c 1/2 0
1 2c 1/3 1
2 c 1/6 2
3 0 0 3

r=0  c(3-0) =3c

r=1 c(3-1) =2c
r=2 c(3-2) =c
r=3 c(3-3) 0

3c+2c+c=1
6c=1
c=1/6

(b)
3.5

3
3

2.5

2
2

1.5

1
1

0.5

0
0

(c)

Page 3
 P(1 ≤ R<3) = P(1,2)
= 1/3+1/6
= 1/2

Number 8

Number of digits in decimal number = 10

P(any digit) = 1/10
P(X=x) = 0.1 where x=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9

Chapter 4: Probability distributions

Page:244 Exercise 4B Expectation

Number 1

The probability distribution for random variable X is shown in the table :

x 0 1 2 3
P(X=x) 1/6 1/12 1/4 1/3

E(x) = ∑ x P(X=x)
=(0*1/6)+(1*1/12)+(2*1/4)+(3*1/3)+(4*1/6)
2.25

Number 3

X (PX=x)
1 0.1
2 0.3
3 0.3
4 0.2
5 0.1
∑ P(X=x) 1

(a)
Y = 1-(0.1+0.3+0.2+0.1)
= 0.3

(b)
E(X) = (0.1*1)+(0.3*2)+(0.3*3)+(0.2*4)+(0.1*5)
= 2.9

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Number 5

5 counters, 5/11 6 red counters , 6/11

1st drawn 2nd drawn

P(BB) =5/11 * 4/10 =2/11
4/10 B

5/11 B 6/10 R P(BR) = 5/11*6/10 = 3/11

5/10 B P(RB) = 6/11*5/10 = 3/11

6/11 R
5/10 R P(RR) = 6/11*5/10 = 3/4

x 0 1 2
P(X=x) 2/11 6/11 3/11

E(X)= ∑ xP(X=x)
= 0*2/11 + 1*6/11+2*3/11
=12/11

Number 6

x 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4

P(X=x) -10p 5p 3p 5p

E(X)= (-10*1/4)+(5*1/4)+(3*1/4)+(5*1/4)
=0.75p

Number 8 (a) P(0) +P(1) + P(2) =0.9

P(0) +P(1) =0.5
0.5 +P(2) =0.9

hence , P(2) = 0.9 - 0.5

P(2) = 0.4

E(X) = (P(0) * 0) + (P (1) * 1 ) + (P(2) * 2) +(P(3) * 3)

E(X) = (P(1) + 2 * P(2) +3 P(3)
E(X) = P(1) + 0.8 + 3 * P(3)

Page 5
 P(1) = 0.6 - 3 * P(3)

P(0) + P(1) + P(2) + P(3) = 1

P(3) = 1 - (P(1) + 0.4 +0.5 -P(1) )

P(3) = 0.1

P(1) = 0.6-3(0.1)
P(1) = 0.3

(b) P(0) = 0.5-0.3

P(0) = 0.2

Number 10

Removing Result probability of occurrence

Bag 1 Bag 2 Bag 1 Bag 2 XY =
R R 3R1B 1R1B XY =
R B 2R2B 2R0B XY =
B R 4R0B 0R2B XY =
B B 3R1B 1R1B XY =

Let X be the event "Result of number of red balls in bag1"

Probability space of X = {2,3,4}

x 2 3 4
P(X=x) +=Y
xP(X=x) 2x 3xy 4x
= Y

E(x) = ∑xP(X=x)
= 2 or 2.75

Page:251 Exercise 4C Expectation and Variance

Number 1

x 1 2 3
P(X=x) 0.2 0.3 0.5

P(X=x) for x=1,2,3

Page 6
(a)
E(X) = (1*0.2) + ( 2*0.3)+ (3*0.5)
=2.3

FX FX²
1 1
2 4
3 9
(b)
E(X²) = (1*0.2)+ (4*0.3) +( 9*0.5)
=0.2 + 1.2 + 4.5
=5.9

(c)
Var(X) =E(X²) - (E(X))²
= E(X²) = 5.9 - (E(X))²
=5.9 - 5.29
= 0.61

Page 7
 5
0.05

5 5.5

Page 8
 10
p10

10
0.1

5
1/20

Page 9
3

Page 10
e table :

4
1/6

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