Spring Term 1

Year 8 Separation techniques

and Energy
Extended Homework Assignment

Name: _____________________

Teacher: ___________________

Instructions
Please complete all sections
You will need to complete sections as you work through the topic

A printed copy should be handed into your teacher.

Separation techniques
Task 1: Identifying mixtures
1 Draw particle diagrams in the boxes below to represent an element, a compound,
and a mixture.

element compound mixture

2 The graph below shows the heating curves of two substances.

a The two substances shown in the graph are water and chocolate.
Label the graph.

b State the name of the substance that is pure. Explain your answer using the graph
provided.

c Label the different states (solid, liquid, or gas) shown on this graph. Identify the
changes of state. Label appropriately as boiling, freezing, and so on, as
appropriate.
d Describe how an experiment can be set up to provide data for this graph.
Task 2: Solutions
1 a Use the words solute, solvent, and solution to describe how a solution is made.

b Use the diagrams below to explain in detail what happens to particles when a
substance dissolves.

2 The table below gives information on the solubility of sugar and salt in water.

Substance Solubility at 20 °C (g/100g of water)

sugar (sucrose) 202

salt (sodium chloride) 36

a State what is meant by solubility. Give an example using the data provided.

b Explain what is meant by a saturated solution.

Task 3: Separation techniques
1 Match the name of the separation technique to the correct experimental set up below. Your
choices are:
chromatography filtration evaporation distillation

2 Rearrange the sentences below to describe and explain how filtration can be used to
separate sand from a mixture of sand and sugar.

Order

Sugar dissolves in water. Sand does not.

Sand is left as the residue in the filter funnel.

Add water to the mixture. Stir.

Sugar solution passes through the filter paper as filtrate.

Fold the filter paper, place in funnel, and pour the mixture into the
filter funnel.
3 Fill in the gaps below to explain why you can use evaporation to obtain salt from sea water
but not water from an inky solution.

Evaporation can be used to remove a s from a solution. This is the case

when removing salt from sea water. In this example, s is the solute,

water is the s , and sea water is the s . Salt can

be obtained simply by leaving sea water in an e b

until the water e .

On the other hand, evaporation cannot be used to obtain water from an inky solution

as only the i would be left at the end. In order to obtain pure water

from an inky solution, d must be used. This is a technique where the

substance with the l boiling point evaporates first, and as its vapours

enter the c , the gas condenses into a l , ready to

be collected in a beaker.

4 Match the halves of the following sentences together to explain how chromatography
works.

Place a sample of each ink

so the mixture separates.
you would like testing on
Place the chromatography
for example, water.
paper in a beaker of solvent,
The level of solvent in the
dissolve in the solvent.
beaker must
the pencil line of the
The solvent moves
chromatography paper.
with the solvent up the
The ink samples
chromatography paper.
The solvent carries the up the chromatography
samples paper.
Some dyes move faster than
others, and some dissolve not be above the pencil line.
better than others,
5 The chromatogram below show the separation of ink from four different felt-tip pens.

a State the only coloured pen whose ink does not appear in the brown felt-tip pen.

b Suggest whether a brown pen made by a different company would produce the
same result on a similar chromatogram. Explain your answer.
Energy
Task 1: Energy in food and in fuels
Look at the table of information below and answer the questions.

Food or fuel Energy (J/kg)

coal 30 000 000

wood 15 000 000

petrol 46 000 000

cheese 16 000 000

bread 9 500 000

lettuce 550 000

1 A new power station is opening in your local area. State the fuel you would choose for this
power station using the table above. Explain your answer.

Leon and James students are in the same class. Leon is very sporty while James
likes to play on his games console in his spare time.
Their typical daily energy requirements are 8700 kJ and 12 400 kJ.
2 a Link the correct energy requirement for each student.

Leon:

James:
b Describe the types of food you would recommend to Leon and James as part of
their diet using the table above. Explain your answer.
Task 2: Conservation of energy
1 State the law of conservation of energy.

2 A coal fire is burning in the fireplace. Describe the energy before and after this
change.

3 The diagram below shows a lever in action. Explain how this lever follows the law of
conservation of energy.
Fill in the gaps using the following words:
force multiplier force distance pivot
simple machine bigger smaller

A lever is a .

In this example, a screwdriver is used to open a paint tin.

The is where the end of the screwdriver

is resting on the edge of the paint tin. The

applied to the lid by the lever is than the

that you apply with just your hand. This

means that a lever is a .

Energy is conserved because the the lid moves up is

than the moved by your hand.

Task 3: Energy transfers
1 Link each key word with the correct definition provided.

The energy in the store associated with the

energy
temperature of an object.

A measure associated with changes in

temperature
temperature or with work, measured in joules.

internal A measure of how hot or cold something is,

energy measured in degrees Celsius.

2 Complete the diagram to describe what happens during changes of state. Fill in the gaps
and label each arrow using the words and phrases below.
melting evaporation or boiling sublimation condensation
freezing to from water steam
3 Two objects are in contact with each other. Explain what brings about the transfer of
energy between the two objects using the term equilibrium.

4 Use the image below to answer the following questions.

a Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of energy transfer.

b Describe how conduction occurs through the sides of the cup. You should include
the phrase vibration of particles in your answer.

c Suggest a suitable material for the manufacture of this cup. Explain your answer in
terms of conduction and insulation.
5 a Choose from the following list sources of infrared radiation.
Circle the correct answers.

ice cube the Sun a metal saucer a lamp a fire

b Describe what all sources of infrared radiation have in common.

c Explain how energy is transferred by radiation. State whether particles are required
for this method of energy transfer.

Task 4: Energy resources

1 Wood and coal are two different types of energy resources. Describe the difference
between them in terms of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

2 Describe how electricity is generated in a power station by completing the table below. Use
these phrases:
heats water to steam generates electricity
spins the generator burns the fuel

Part of the power station Function

furnace

boiler

turbine

generator
Task 5: Energy, power, and work done
1 Explain the difference between energy and power by filling in the table below. Use the
following phrases to help you:
increases joule stays the same watt

Energy Power

Unit

How this quantity changes as the

circuit component is left running

2 An incandescent light bulb and an energy-saving light bulb have power ratings of
40 W and 12 W respectively.
a Calculate the energy transferred by both light bulbs over 10 hours in kWh. Show
your working.
Remember: 1000 W = 1 kW
energy (kWh) = power (kW) × time (h)

b Compare the costs of running these two light bulbs over a 10-hour period. You
should include the relative amounts of fuel used in each case.

3 a Pete pulls a pulley and lifts a 20 N weight by 0.5 m. Calculate the work done.
Work done = force (N) × distance moved (m)

= ×

= J

b Pete uses the pulley again to lift another weight. Pete’s energy supplied 40 J to lift
the weight. The weight gains 30 J. Calculate the amount of energy dissipated to the
surroundings. Show your working.