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Question No. 2 (30 Marks) (4+4+9+5+8) : E) For The Following Statements, Explain Briefly Why?

This document contains instructions for a final exam for a Steam and Gas Turbines course. It includes 4 multi-part questions testing knowledge of gas turbine cycles, turbine components, and thermodynamic cycles. Students are asked to analyze cycle performance, derive equations, sketch diagrams, and calculate values for variables like efficiency and power output. External resources like steam tables are permitted. The exam is worth a total of 100 marks and will take place on May 22 for 3 hours.

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أحمد إبراهيم شوارب
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54 views2 pages

Question No. 2 (30 Marks) (4+4+9+5+8) : E) For The Following Statements, Explain Briefly Why?

This document contains instructions for a final exam for a Steam and Gas Turbines course. It includes 4 multi-part questions testing knowledge of gas turbine cycles, turbine components, and thermodynamic cycles. Students are asked to analyze cycle performance, derive equations, sketch diagrams, and calculate values for variables like efficiency and power output. External resources like steam tables are permitted. The exam is worth a total of 100 marks and will take place on May 22 for 3 hours.

Uploaded by

أحمد إبراهيم شوارب
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mansoura University Final term Exam

Faculty of Engineering Steam and Gas Turbines-MPE4421


Mech. Power Eng. Dept. May 22, 2017- Time: 3 hours
Fourth Year Full Mark: 100
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Answer the following questions. Use of steam tables and charts are allowed. Assume any
necessary assumptions.
Question No. 1 (20 marks) (4+5+5+6)
a) Compare a gas turbine closed cycle with a gas turbine open cycle.
b) Prove the polytropic efficiency of compressor. Plot the variation of compressor
isentropic efficiency with pressure ratio at different values of polytropic efficiency.
c) Explain briefly the chemically recuperated gas turbine cycle and illustrate it on the block
diagram.
d) Draw and explain briefly the effect of effectiveness heat exchanger on CBEX-cycle
performance. Also what are the factors on which the performance of CBEX engine
depend.
Question No. 2 (30 marks) (4+4+9+5+8)
a) Draw carefully the variation of pressure and velocity through a multi-stage turbine
(Curtis and Parson).
b) What are the main difference between impulse and reaction turbine.
c) Deduce each of σopt , wopt and εmax for a fifty percent reaction stage and draw velocity
triangles at the entry and exit for it. Carefully, plot the relations between (ε and ηst) versus
σ.
d) For an axial turbine stage, derive the following relation;
2
tan( 2 )  (1  R) for radial flow at exit. Where: φ is the flow coefficient, α2 is the

nozzles angle and R is the degree of reaction.
e) For the following statements, explain briefly why?
i) In CBEX cycle, the optimum pressure ratio for maximum efficiency is lower than for
maximum power.
ii) In CBE cycle, the heat exchanger is not employed when the compressor pressure ratio
is greater than and equal the optimum pressure ratio for maximum power.
iii) In reaction turbine, Blades have aerofoil profile (convergent passage).
iv) The efficiency of Rateau (pressure compounded impulse turbine) is higher than Curtis
(velocity compounded impulse turbine).
Question No. 3 (25 marks) (12+13)
a) A double-intercooled-reheated heat exchanger cycle (CICICBEBEBEX) has the
following specifications;
Compressor inlet temperature T0,1a = 300 K, turbines inlet temperature is 1400 K.
Pressure ratios for the three compressors are 2.6, 2.8 and 3, respectively. The compressors
and turbines polytropic efficiencies are 85 % and 90%, respectively. The effectiveness
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of the intercoolers and the heat exchanger are 100 % and 85 %, respectively.
Stagnation-pressure losses = 15 %. (R/Cp,c) = 0.27, (R/Cp,e) = 0.24, [meCp,e/mcCp,c] =
1.14 and [mbCp,b/mcCp,c] = 1.12.
Draw carefully the temperature-entropy chart and the block diagram of the cycle,
and calculate the following : a) dimensionless specific power, b) thermal efficiency of
the cycle, and c) the improvement in dimensionless specific power and thermal
efficiency due to intercoolers, reheaters and heat exchanger (Stagnation-pressure losses
= 5 % for CBE).
b) A turbojet engine is operating under the following conditions:
Altitude = 12 km (Pst=0.2 bar , Tst= 216.66 K). Mach number = 1.2. Pressure ratio across
the jet engine = 32. Temperature at turbine inlet = 1400 K. The diffuser efficiency =
100% and the isentropic efficiencies of the compressor, the turbine and the nozzle are;
85%, 88% and 100%, respectively. The jet fuel has low heating value = 43.5 MJ/kg .
Assume an air standard cycle but take into account the mass of fuel added. Calculate each
of:
a) The propulsive efficiency. b) The thermal efficiency. c) The thrust specific fuel
consumption.
(assume that the expansion in the nozzles is back to ambient conditions)
Question No. 4 (25 marks) (12+13)
a) Sketch the velocity diagrams, and calculate the missing data, for the three turbine stages
with the parameters listed in the table:
Φ ψ R α2 α3 β2 β3 σ w3/w2
Turbine 1 ? ? 0.5 70 20 ? ? ? ?
Turbine 2 0.728 2 ? ? 0 ? ? ? ?
Turbine 3 ? 1 ? 70 0 ? ? ? ?
b) Consider a multi-stage pressure compounded impulse turbine. The exit angle from fixed
nozzle blade α2 = 70° and the rotor inlet blade angle β2=57.5°. The mean diameter of
blade rows is 100 cm and speed of rotation is 3000 rpm. If the flow velocity is constant
through the stage, sketch the velocity diagram. The steam inlet conditions are 15 bar and
400 °C and exit pressure 0.2 bar. Assume reheat factor of 1.04 and stage efficiency of
80%. The total power output is 7.5 MW. Determine the following:
i) Number of stages, ii) The flow coefficient φ, the loading coefficient ψ, blade to steam
speed ratio σ, and iii) The rotor hub and tip diameters at outlet of the 6th stage, assuming
condition curve to be a straight line on the h-s diagram.

Good luck, Dr. Ahmed Abd Elsalam

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