Quarter 1- Module 2:

Vocabulary Development
English - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1- Module 2 – Vocabulary Development
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Lilia P. Julaton

Reviewer: Levie D. Llemit, PhD

Illustrator Raul A. Mabilen

Layout Artist: Jucel Lou L. Bayucot

Management Team
Chairperson: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Conniebel C.Nistal ,PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Pablito B. Altubar
CID Chief

Members
Levie D. Llemit, PhD – EPS – I English
Leah L. Tacandong - Instructional Supervisor
Himaya B. Sinatao, LRMS Manager
Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by

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Office Address: Brgy. 23,National Highway,Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088328 0118
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 8
ENGLISH
Quarter 1 - Module 2
Vocabulary Development
This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Learning Package is About................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know................................................................................................................................... i
How to Learn from this Learning Package ........................................................................................ . i
Icons of this Learning Package............................................................................................................... ii

What I Know................................................................................................................................................. . iii

Lesson 1:
Determine the meaning of idiomatic expressions
What I Need to Know............................................................................................ 1
What’s New
Activity 1: If Idioms Were Literal.................................................................... 1
What Is It
Let’s Differentiate.............................................................................................. 2
What’s More
Activity 2: Practice Collocation .......................................................................3
What’s More
Activity 3: Let’s Analyze.................................................................................. 4
What’s More
Activity 4: Let’s Hunt! ....................................................................................... 5
What’s More
Figurative Language .......................................................................................5
Activity 5: Match to Make Sense.................................................................. 6
What I Have Learned
Fill In The Bubble............................................................................................. 7
What I Can Do
Why Not Sing The Idioms?............................................................................. 8

Lesson 2:
Unlocking the meaning of unfamiliar words and idiomatic expressions
What’s In
Activity 1: Meaning of Words through Context Clues ………………9
Activity 2 : Collocation………………………………………………….10
What’s New
Activity 1: Words with two or more Meanings………………………. 10
Activity 2: Synonyms …………………………………………………..11
Activity 3: Antonyms……………………………………………………11
Activity 4: Word Parts…………………………………………………. 11
What Is It
Picture Clues...........................................................................................12
What’s More
Activity 1:Discover new Words..............................................................15
Activity 2: Improve Vocabulary..............................................................16
Activity 3: Word Box of Antonyms........................................................ 16
What I Have Learned............................................................................................ 16
Activity 1: Define Terms … ……….………………………………… 16
Activity 2: School Idioms ………………………………………………17
What I Can Do
Activity 1: Reflect…………………………………….………………….18
Lesson 3:
Determining the Meaning of Words and Expressions
What’s In
Determining the Meaning.............................................................................. 19
Activity 1: Words and Expressions …………………………………….…19
What’s New
Activity 2: Understand Words and Expressions ……………………….. 19
What Is It
Activity 3: Statement and Its Meaning ………………………………… 20
Activity 4: Distinguishing Synonyms from Antonyms............................... 21
What’s More
Activity 5: Understand Meaning of Words through Synonyms ……… 21
What I Have Learned
Activity 6: Multiple Choice.......................................................................... 22
What I Can Do
Activity 7: Be a Neighbor ………………………………………………... 22
Summary ........................................................................................................................... 23
Assessment: (Post-Test) ................................................................................................ .24
Key to Answers........................................................................................................................................ ...25
References.................................................................................................................................... ..28
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What This Module is About

Welcome to this module. You will start with the vocabulary development activities.
The activities in this module have been designed to provide you with learning experiences
that will help you communicate better in English.
Vocabulary development is the process of a person increasing the number words
which he or she uses in everyday life. Many people use websites and books to improve
vocabulary, and doing so can increase a person’s ability to communicate through verbal or
written language. Generally, vocabulary development really refers to the process of widening
a person’s vocabulary, but it can also mean the literal or the initial forming of a vocabulary
(Lee Johnson, May14, 2020) Reading books and looking up unfamiliar words is a good way
to improve one’s vocabulary.

This module contains learning objectives that are set for you to learn.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

a. Determine the meaning of idiomatic expressions by noting context

clues and collocations. (EN8V-Ia-10.2)

b. Use appropriate strategies in unlocking the meaning of unfamiliar

words and idiomatic expressions. (EN8V- Ie-4)

c. Determine the meaning of words and expressions that reflect the local
culture by context clues. (EN8V-lf-6)

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

1. Carefully read all the lessons.
2. Take your time on going thru each lesson.
3. Answer the pretest honestly. The purpose of the pretest is for you to determine your
prior knowledge before going thru the lessons and activities.
4. If you have a hard time understanding the lessons and activities, please do take a
break. Having breaks between lessons and activities will give you some space where
you can absorb the lesson well.
5. You can use the internet if you need more information about the lesson.

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Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

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 What I Know

I. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the beginning part of the sentence and decipher what the next
part would be to make sense of the whole thought. Circle the letter of your choice.
1. It’s raining cats and dogs, so
A. take an umbrella
B. keep your pets aside.
C. watch out for falling animals.
2. When I heard the poem, some of the lines rang a bell and
A. sounded very beautiful.
B. I thought I’d heard it somewhere before.
C. some of them beat a drum.
3. Helen is a fair-weather friend that’s why
A. we got out only when the weather is fine.
B. she is the person whom I can trust
C. I can’t rely on her in difficult situations.
4. Mike and Kate decided to tie the knot because
A. They quarrelled.
B. They loved each other.
C. They needed some money.
5. If someone is pulling my leg it means
A. He’s massaging it.
B. We’re doing gymnastics.
C. He’s joking.
https://www.slideshare.net/snowmaid/english-idioms-5703661

II. Choose the synonym of the word in heavy type. Encircle the word.
6. whirl clean help spin
7. declare state food bend
8. grin drag like smile
9. engine van motor car
10. raise rain trail lift

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III. Context Clues
11. Our house is cramped. At night, there is no enough room for all of us to stretch
out. a. warm b. poor c. cold d. crowded
12. The stone wall was like a snake which writhed across the entire land.
a. twisted b. crawled c. continued d. flowed
13. His footfalls echoed through the corridor or passageway.
a. room b. hallway c. wall d stair
14. Raffy is a gregarious character, always reaching out to others and enjoying their
company.
a. nature b. ignorant c. sociable d. happy
15. The patient succumbed after putting up a heroic, week-long battle against
death.
a. fainted b. slept c. cried d. died

IV. WORDS: Two or More Meanings

Look at the following words. Next to each number are two meanings for each
word above. Decide which word goes with the two meanings
racket plane lumber bore lodge
_______ 16. “it flies in the sky” and “ a tool to shave wood”
_______ 17. ”wood to build with” and “to walk clumsily”
_______ 18. “a noisy uproar” and “equipment used in tennis”
_______ 19. “to not interest to someone” and “ to make a hole with a
drill”
_______ 20. “ a house in the woods” and “ to live in a rented room”

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 Lesson Determining the meaning of
idiomatic expressions by noting
1 context clues and collocations

What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will be acquainted with idiomatic expressions. In the following
activities, you will be able to determine the meaning of idiomatic expressions through context
clues and/or through collocations without necessarily going through the dictionary of idioms.

What’s New?

Activity 1: If Idioms Were Literal

Directions: Look at each idiom in each picture. What does each expression suggest?
Choose your answer considering the literal meaning of the expression.

1. 2.

3-4.

_______1. A. walking mind B. lost mind

_______2. A. dancing cats and dogs B. falling cats and dogs
_______3. A. dilapidated school B. not young school
_______4. A. Daddy is coated with sugar B. Daddy is sugar

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Do they sound funny? Yes, they do. In English, if idioms are literally taken, they lose
their meaning.

What Is It

Let’s Differentiate
Let us differentiate first collocation and context clues. This will help
you to decipher the idiomatic expressions in the succeeding activities.

Types of How it is used in the

natural English unnatural English... Context clues sentence
Synonym Words with the same
meaning is used in the
sentence.
the fast train the quick train antonym Words with opposite
fast food quick food meaning is used in the
sentence.
Explanation/ Unfamiliar word is
Definition explained within the
a quick shower a fast shower sentence.
a quick meal a fast meal example Specific examples
are used to define a
term.

Idioms involve collocation of special kind.

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Activity 2. Practice Collocation
Directions: Write your answer on the spaces below. Please answer numbers 1 to 16.

(https://busyteacher.org/13748-make-or-do-collocations-key.htm
Write your answers on the spaces before the number.
_____________1. ____________9.
_____________2. ____________10.
_____________3. ____________11.
_____________4. ____________12.
_____________5. ____________13.
_____________6. ____________14.
_____________7. ____________15.
_____________8. ____________16.

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 What’s More
Activity 3: Let us analyze!
Direction: Write the context clue on the blank opposite each picture. Then
choose the meaning from the choices given. Circle the letter of your choice.

What is the context clue?

__________________________
__________________________
What is the meaning?
A. go to bed
B. have a shower
1. C. take a rest

What is the context clue?

___________________________
___________________________
What is the meaning?
A. exciting and thrilling
B. easy and comfortable
2. C. relax and quiet

What is the context clue?

__________________________
__________________________
What is the meaning?
A. highly admired
B. greatly honored
3. C. greatly loved
(https://www.slideshare.net/GraceEcheche/idiomatic-expressions-79861796)

What is the context clue?

__________________________
__________________________
What is the meaning?
A. to reach with a blow
B. to study hard
4. C. to bang the book

(https://www.slideshare.net/katymarie412/idiom-powerpoint?next_slides
What is the clue?
__________________________
__________________________
What is the meaning?
A. feeling sick
B. plenty of work
5. C. got wet in the rain

(https://www.slideshare.net/katymarie412/idiom-powerpoint?next_slides)

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 What’s More
Activity 4: Let’s Hunt!

Direction: In the following sentences, look for the idioms and colocation. Write
your answer in the table below.
1. I think I’ll make hay while the sun shines and get started on the gardening.
2. The new assistant always works late – he’s a real eager beaver. He feels the need to
do something.
3. My car always acts up on a long journey. Can I take up some of your time to check
on my car?
4. We were told there was a bomb in that parcel but it was a false alarm. I felt some
relief when it was confirmed there was not any.
5. It would be interesting to know what goes on behind the scenes at the back stage.

Idioms Collocation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What’s More

Figurative Language
Figurative Language uses words or expressions to convey a meaning
that is different from the literal interpretation.
Idiomatic Expressions Meaning
Down to earth practical person
Eat your words accept that you are wrong about
something you said
Taking a big step make a big change
Feeling blue sad
Hanging out spending time with someone
Togue-tied difficulty in expressing oneself because of
nervousness or embarrassment
Hold your horses wait a moment; don’t go so fast
A cat’s nap a short sleep taken during the day
Dead wood people or things which are no longer useful
or necessary
Fish out of water feeling uncomfortable in unfamiliar
surroundings

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Activity 5. Match to Make Sense
Match the idiom in Column A that will complete the sentence and make sense
in Column B. Write the appropriate idiomatic expression in the blank.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. I never had a fight with my Mama before. It was

a. down to earth the first time I answered her back and it hurt her feelings.
I was _____________ the whole time we were not in
speaking terms.
2. Seera is home alone. Her mother and two younger
siblings went to the farm to take their father’s merienda
b. eat your words and lunch. Not doing anything, Seera took
______________ while there was nothing to do now.
3. While we were growing up, Lola Iska would always
remind us to study well so that we would have a good
future. But my brother Bobby would ignore her advice and
c. a cat’s nap told Lola, “Your time is different from our time now. I will
not fail even if I do not take my studies seriously.” I turned
to Bobby and told him, “Just make sure you do not
________________.
4. Mila belongs to a well-to-do family. She has
everything that she needs. But she never wasted anything
d. feeling blue even a piece of paper that could still be recycled. She is
___________________.

5. Rizo saw his brother sneaked out of the house at

night. He could not tell his mother and father because he
e. hanging out was scared of his brother. When her mother asked where
his brother was, Rizo was ________________.

6. Glema is from the barrio with a simple way of life. She

f. tongue-tied grows up with her parents, siblings, and friends around.
Her aunt is taking her to Manila and will enroll her in a big
school in the city. She is ____________________ as she
enters the big school in a busy city.

g. holdyour 7. Aunt Merla is fond of keeping things. I see them as

horses good as garbage. But she will not throw them away. I think
those things are ___________________.

8. Dingdong has several friends. Sometimes they go out

h. Fish out of swimming or watching movies together. Most of all, they
water love _____________ in his place because his mother
prepares them nice meal.
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 9. May and April are excited about the surprise for their
mother on Sunday. They are not allowed to tell her any hint
i. dead wood about it until the very day. They cannot wait for the day so they
rush to their mother and just as they are about to open their
mouth their big sister told them to “_______________”.

10. Rownah is a transferee from a small barrio. Her new

j. taking a big school has many students, ten times the number of those in
step her previous school. The buildings are high and she does not
know her way around. She feels like a
___________________.
(Sentences constructed by Cynthia S. Triumfante)

What I Have Learned

Activity 6. Fill in the Bubble

Direction. In your own words, write what you know about the terms you have
learned in this lesson
.

idiom
Context
collocation clue

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 What I can Do

Activity 7. Why Not Sing the Idioms?

Directions: The song below contains idiomatic expressions. Underline at least ten (10)
idioms that you find in the lyric of the song Idioms by Melissa Corbett
Idioms by Melissa Corbett
Refrain:

My family can be so confusing!

Sometimes their words don’t mean what they say!
When it’s an idiom they’re choosing,
Misunderstanding gets in the way!

I. My dad said, “It’s raining cats and dogs now.”

So I ran outside just to see.
I got really drenched in the rainstorms,
But I never saw Spot or Fifi.

II. “You crack me up!” my grandma said.

After I told her one of my best jokes.
She was still all in one piece.
If I crack her up, she never broke.

(Refrain)

III. My mom said to hit the sack.

My dad said to hit the hay.
I swung with my very best aim,
But they made me go to bed anyway!

IV. When my brother said he’d toss his cookies,

He put his hands over his lips,
Up came macaroni and cheese,
But I never saw one chocolate chip.

(Refrain)

V. You’re barking up the wrong tree,

You hit the nail on head.
This cake is out of this world.
Why can’t we speak English instead?

VI. Just go fly a kite!

You’re bouncing off the walls!
You’re up the creek without a paddle?
Why must we use idioms at all?
(Refrain)
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKbGvsVB8bg

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 Lesson
Using Appropriate Strategies in
2
Lesson
Unlocking the meaning of unfamiliar
words and idiomatic expressions

What’s In

Activity 1: Meaning of Words through Context Clues

Directions: Read the paragraph carefully before you write the letter of the word or group of
words that completes each of the following sentences. Write the letter of your choice.

1) When things go wrong as they sometimes will, when the road you are trudging
seems all uphill; when the fruits are low, and the debts are high, when problems are
pressing you down a bit, rest if you must but you must not quit. 2) Success is a failure
turned inside out 3) There are the silver tints of clouds of doubt. 4) However, you can
never tell how close you are because success could be very near when it comes too far. 5)
So stick to the fight when you are hardest hit. 6) It is when things go wrong that you must
not quit.

Write the letter of the word or phrase that has the same meaning of the italicized word.
1. The word trudging as used in sentence1 means _____
a. gliding painfully c. running carefully
b. jumping joyfully d. walking slowly
2. The word uphill as used in the passage means ___
a. easy b. land c. difficult d. refreshing
3. The opposite of the word continue is ___
a. doubts b. low c. quit d. wrong
4. To doubt means to be ____
a. unequal b. unfit c. uneasy d. unsure
5. I like the golden tint in my blouse. The word tint means ___
a. light shade of a color c. fine embroidery
b. bright shade of a color d. attractive print

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 Directions: Write the letter of your choice that is closest in meaning to the italicized
word.

6. He is an agile basketball player. He moves easily and quickly on the hardcourt.

a. strong b. fast c. experienced d. powerful
7. I had made this request before but I should like to reiterate it now.
a. explain b. ask c. prove d. repeat
8. The meticulous student reviewed his test paper so carefully that there was not a
single error to be found.
a. intelligent b. punctual c. careful d. observant
9. The government is trying hard to ameliorate the housing condition of the urban
poor by building low-cost houses.
a. improve b. lessen c. end d. raise
10. The firemen heard the occupants of the burning building shouting and coughing.
The smoke was suffocating them.
a. choking b. helping c. burning d. heating

ACTIVITY 2: Collocation
11. I'm afraid he was involved in a ... accident.
(ready, dreadful, widespread, pronounced, wholehearted)
12. We need to take some ... action before it is too late.
(casual, latest, decisive, crowning, grudging)
13.. He invited me around to see his ... acquisition, a new BMW.
(casual, latest, damaging, crowning, grudging)
14.. They've made some highly ... accusations about us.
(itemized, uncanny, damaging, luxury, glowing)
. 15. Could you please give me an ...account?
(itemized, dreadful, great, luxury, glowing)

What’s New
ACTIVITY 1: WORDS with Two or More Meanings
Look at the following words. Next to each number are two meanings
for each word above. Decide which word goes with the two meanings.
ash coast cast scales blaze cord
_____ 16. “a kind of string” and “a unit of cut wood”
_____ 17. “the covering of a fish” and “ a series of musical notes”
_____ 18. ”where land meets the sea” and “to move easily”

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 _____ 19. “a type of tree” and “what is left after a fire”
_____ 20. “to burn brightly’ and “to mark a trail”
_____ 21. ”all of the actors in a play or film” and “ a stiff bandage for
a broken leg”

ACTIVITY 2 : SYNONYMS

Read the following sentences. In each sentence are a book title and a
word in heavy type. Find a word in the book title that is a synonym for the
word in heavy type.
_____ 22. The Middle Planet is on the center shelf.
_____ 23. The Chuckle Book will make you laugh.
_____ 24. Repair It Yourself tells how to fix a bike.
_____ 25. The Trembling House will have you shaking with fear.
_____ 26. You are sure to like Certain to Win.
_____ 27. Rush to buy Horse in a Hurry.

ACTIVITY 3: ANTONYMS
Look at the following lists of words. Each word in List A has an
antonym in List B. Write the antonym of each word in List A before the
number. A B
______ 28. interested clumsy

______ 29. overture calm

______ 30. graceful finale

______ 31. lenient harsh

______ 32. immense bored

______ 33.. panic tiny

(Reading Laboratory 2C Skills Development Card, 1996)

Activity 4 : Word Parts [Prefix and Suffix]

There are three types of word parts that may be combined to form new words: a root, a
prefix, and a suffix. You already know how to build words using prefixes and suffixes, this
time, you will learn about improving your vocabulary using roots. Choose the letter of
your choice.
34. If you take away the prefix im- from the word impossible, what is the root word?
a. possible b. posible c. possibility

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 35. What do you do if you reread a book?
a. read it again b. read for the first time c. don’t read it
36. If you take the prefix il- from the word illegal, what is the root word?
a. llegal b. legal c. legall
37. If you wanted to say someone is not helpful, which word would you use?
a. inhelpful b. unhelpful c. ilhelpful
38 If you add the prefix im- to the word mature what is the correct spelling of the
new word?
a. imature b. immature c. imaturre

What Is it?

A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just
sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time.

https://www.google.com/search?q=idiomatic+expressions+meaning&tbm=isch&source

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https://www.google.com/search?q=idiomatic+expressions+meaning&tbm=isch&source

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https://www.google.com/search?q=idiomatic+expressions+meaning&tbm=isch&source

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 https://www.google.com/search?q=idiomatic+expressions+meaning&tbm=isch&source

What’s More

Activity 1: Discover New Words

Directions: Choose the correct meaning of the underlined word using context clues. Encircle
the word.

1. Our baseball team’s pitcher has a few eccentric habits, such as throwing exactly
thirteen warm-up pitches and never wearing socks.
A) normal B. strange C) messy
2. After the heavy rains, the stream became murky; in fact, the water was so cloudy,
you couldn’t see the bottom.
A) cloudy B. bottomless C) clear
3. The debris, on the stadium floor, included numerous paper cups, ticket stubs, and
cigarette
A) products B) papers C) trash
4. The coach takes every opportunity to censure his players, yet he ignores every
opportunity to praise them.
A) approve of B) criticize C) choose
5. The newlyweds agreed to be very frugal in their shopping because they wanted to
save enough money to buy a house.
A) economical B) wasteful C) interest

15
Activity 2: Improve Vocabulary Using Word Parts

Directions: As you recall, there are three types of word parts that may be combined
to form new words: a root, a prefix, and a suffix. You already know how to build
words using prefixes and suffixes, this time, you will learn about improving your
vocabulary using roots. Choose the letter of your choice.

6. If a house is disused, it is
a. used a lot b. used from time to time c. no longer used
7. The prefix re- used in the words reopen and reapply means:
a. not b. again c. wrong
8. If you misjudged someone, it means that you
a. didn’t judge him b. judged him wrongly c. judged him
again
9. Not to approve of someone means that you
a. unapproved b. disaprove c. disapprove
10. If you defraud someone, it means that you
a. take money from him b. give him money c. assist him
(English Expressways, 2007, p.23)
Activity 3: Word Box Of Antonyms
Directions: From the word box, choose the antonym of the word in heavy type.
WORD BOX

slender genuine ripe truthfulness prejudiced

11. immature [adj., not fully developed]

12. falsehood [n., a lie]
13..stout [adj., fat or thickest in body]
14. unbiased [adj., fair, not partial]
15. counterfeit [adj., copied, false]
(Science Research Associations, Inc.: ABIVA Publishing House, Inc., 1980)

What I Have Learned

Activity 1 : Define Terms

Choose the letter of your choice.

1. It is the basic unit of word.
a. prefix b. suffix c. root word
2. It is a word part added in front of a root word to make a new word.
a. prefix b. suffix c. root word
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 3. It is a word part added at the end of a root word to make a new word.
a. prefix b. suffix c. root word
4. These are words that mean the same or nearly the same.
a. context clues b. synonyms c. antonyms
5. It is a word opposite in meaning.
a. context clues b. synonyms c. antonyms
6. It is the statement of an exact meaning of the word.
a. root word b. definition c. idioms
7. It is an expression or phrase that has figurative in meaning.
a. root word b. definition c. idioms

Activity 2: Idioms Or Idiomatic Expressions

Directions: For Items 8-17, Choose the letter of the appropriate idiomatic
expressions inside the box.
a. skip class b. brainstorm something c. teacher’s pet d. bookworm e. as easy as ABC
For items 11-15, Choose the letter of your choice.

For items 13-17, choose the letter of your choice.

a. cover a lot of ground c. copycat e. pass with flying colors
b. dropout d. eager beaver

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

https://www.google.com/search?q=idiomatic+expressions+meaning&tbm=isch&source
17
 What I Can Do

Activity 4: Reflect!
Directions: Answers the following questions below.

1. If I failed to answer the questions of this module, I will receive ____complete

grades. (What prefix shall I use to complete the statement?)

2. As a student, I need to listen to the advice of the elders and respect them so that I
will be considered as a respect____ child. (What suffix shall I use to complete
the statement?)

3. I have to fix and arrange my clothes in my closet.

(Underline the synonyms in the sentence)

4. I need to be patient in staying home as one of the ways that I cannot be infected
with this pandemic “COVID19”
(Give the antonym of patient which is used in the sentence)

5. A group of people living together in a specific locality who have a common

government and who share a certain cultural and historical heritage is called a
(community, democracy, sociology)?

18
 Lesson
Determining the Meaning of Words and
3
Lesson
Expressions that Reflect the Local Culture
by Noting Context Clues

What’s In

Activity 1: Determining the Meaning of Words and Expressions

Directions: Determine the meaning of the underlined words below. Encircle the letter of your
answer.

1. The most iconic phrase coined by the film, The Lion King, is Hakuna Matata.
a. wonderful phrase b. passing craze c. no worries

2. Don’t do that! That’s verboten to African culture.

a. forbidden b. hidden c. heaven

3. The synergetic nature of African society is what made two or more individuals to
pool their resources together and uplift each other economically through osusu, a
form of micro financial capital.
a. government b. micro financial capital c. culture

4. The Western model of beauty is often pictured as slim-looking young ladies who
move in staggered steps however African beauty is epitomized in their mbopo.
a. slim maidens b. young maidens c. fat maidens

5. You are Pumbaa! As your name says, you are foolish, silly, weak-minded, and
negligent!
a. foolish b. Zumba c. chilly

http://languagesindanger.eu/book-of-knowledge/language-and-culture/

What’s New

Words and expressions that reflect the local culture by context clues.
 Some Hindus are vegetarian because they believe it is a way of respecting
life.
 If Hindus talk about respect for life, they always remember Mahatma
Gandhi.
 Taj Mahal is never forgotten because of the reason why it was built.
19
  After Mao Zedong’s death, the madness of his Cultural Revolution ended.
 Asians are of different races and shades of skin.
 A recognized Asian leader might initiate or start a conference among his
fellow Asian leaders.
 Some Asian countries, despite their differences, work to achieve unity
among Asia.
 Arnold Toynbee often explains to western people that they are only a small
minority of the world – the great world to Asia and Africa.
 Iqbal Masih of Pakistan, a child laborer in 1986, was abused, treated badly
by his employer.
 Children’s exploitation, or unfair treatment made Iqbal work tirelessly to
save the children.
English Expressways, 2007, p.108,125, 153

What Is it?

Statement and its meaning

Statement and its meaning using context clues
 Traditionally, lobola was paid in cattle, a valued commodity in many African
cultures, but today many modern couples pay lobola in cash.
[Lobola- traditional custom in African culture]
 Pope John Paul II is an epitome of the word kulturalny .
Kulturalny a Polish word which mean cultivated; having good manners;
educated
(https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/polish-english/kulturalny)
 They prefer to speak in anyanyelv because they are more comfortable
with it than a second language.
Anyanyelv is a first language or a native language that a person has
been exposed from birth.
(https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyanyelv)
 Traditionally in East Africa, Swahili speaking men wear kanzu.
A kanzu is a white or cream coloured robe worn by men in the African
Great Lakes region. It is referred to as a tunic in English, and as the
Thawb in Arab countries. The kanzu is an ankle or floor length
garment.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanzu)
20
  French fry is from fried pyra .

In Poznan, Poland, pyra is the local word for ‘potato’; the surrounding
region Wielkopolska is famous for potato cultivation.
(http://languagesindanger.eu/book-of-knowledge/language-and-culture)

Activity 2: Distinguishing Synonyms from Antonyms

Directions: Identify how the underlined words are used whether antonyms and
synonyms in the following sentences.

1. Among the people of Africa are the tiny Pygmies and the giant Watusi.
2. What is included and not left out in this continent has been studied.
3. Africa and Asia vied for the honor of being the largest continent and Asia had
been declared the biggest among the continents.
4. The areas surrounding the deserts are dry and arid
5. The central part of the continent is hot and humid.
(English Expressways, 2007, p.119)

What’s More

Activity 3: Understand Meanings of Words through Synonyms

A. Directions: The sentences are taken from “A Patch of Sky” by Nima Fumio.
What is the synonym of the italicized word in each sentence? Underline the word.

1. To Ryoku’ imagination, the forest was huge- it covered five acres- and reminded
him of some vast, far-stretching range of mountains.

2. The least slip meant a fall or at best slithering down the trunk, one’s arms around
it to avoid toppling off.

3. At the end of the run, he was suddenly afraid. The height of the tree terrified him.

4. Gradually, his fingers were growing numb and could not move.

5. Slowly, cautiously, he came down, not controlling his own descent.

(English Expressways, 2007, 203)

B. Directions: Each italicized word in the following phrase is derived from the
selection “The Best of Asia by Ricardo Saludo” Choose the letter of your choice.

A B
1. waned as a primary source but _____ as a secondary force a. friendly

2. end the strife and achieve ______ b. expanded

21
3. long-hositle contries but ______neighbors c. harmony

4. develop the destitute country and make it _______. d. wealthy

5.forget the conflict and establish ______ e. cooperation

g. struggle
(English Expressways, 2007, p. 103)

What I Have Learned

Activity 1: Multiple Choice

In this lesson, you will be able to understand the meanings of words through
their synonyms. Synonyms are words that have nearly the same meanings.
Choose the one that is closest in meaning to what you want to say.

A. Following is a list of synonyms for ethnic that might be used in

sentences from 1 to 5. Choose the word that best fits each sentence.

cultural folk racial traditional tribal

1. Most of the Muslims in Thailand are ______________ Malays.

2. The ____________ sites reflect the glories of the civilization.

3. Other ____________ groups in Thailand are the hill tribes.

4. The word Thai which means “freedom” in the Thai language is also the
name of the majority Thai ______________ group.

5. The Thai __________ groups closely observe the practices of their

ancestors. (English Expressways, 2007, p. 92)

B. Encircle the letter of the word which does not belong to the group.

6. South Korea has a more democratic form of government than North

Korea. Democratic is
a. self-governing b. self-ruling c. dictatorial
7. These Asian countries have most varied natural resources. Varied means
a. diverse b. solid c. various
8. Bangladesh has 55,599 sq.mi. of total land area. Myanmar has 261, 970
sq. mi. of land area. Myanmar has a larger land area than Bangladesh.
Area means
a. a geographic region b. water form c. domain

22
 9. Japan has fish for its natural resource. Pakistan has natural gas, oil, and
Coal. Japan has fewer natural resources than Pakistan. Natural may
mean
a. developed b. innate c. essential

10.Japanese is 99% among Japan’s ethnic group. Ethnic means

a. racial b. immigrant c tribal

What I can do

Be A Neighbor
1. Do you have neighbors or friends who are Afro Asian? Do you feel happy and
has confidence of talking with them?
2. Do you respect them?
3. Do you help them in times of their needs?
4. Do you understand difficult words when they talk you?
5. Did you translate difficult Filipino words to them?

SUMMARY

Developing a wide set of vocabulary and vocabulary skills begins early in a

child’s life and continues through their education at school. Elementary school is
a large part of the development of a child’s vocabulary. It is important to help your
child at home to expand their vocabulary and provide meaningful activities at
home for vocabulary development.
One of the best ways for children to build their vocabulary skills is
through the method of drill and practice. That means that they see the words
repeatedly in a variety of contexts to help them practice using the word, reading the
word, and even spelling the word, until they are able to memorize and apply the word
in meaningful situations. However, this does not mean that you have to use
worksheets or complete common lessons on vocabulary skills at home in order for
your child to develop their vocabulary skills.
(http://reading.smarttutor.com/the-importance-of-vocabulary-development/)

23
 Assessment (Post-Test)

Change each word in heavy type into its antonym. Choose from the prefixes dis, im,
ir and un, then read the paragraph.

The good life is (1) possible in Oak City. People feel (2) safe and (3)
comfortable in their homes. The children are (4) polite. Even the bus service is
(5) regular. Everyone shops at (6) Honest AL’s General Store. People (7) agree
that life is great.
Everything has changed. The people are (8) fair. And they are (9) able to
enjoy life. The citizens of Oak City have become (10) patient.

From the box, choose the word that best answer each question.
worthless generous fortunate casual timid careful

11. What kind of party do you go to wearing jeans?

Clue: It is the antonym of formal.

12. What do you call a person who likes to share?

Clue: It is the antonym of selfish.

13. What should the driver of a car be?

Clue: It is the antonym of reckless.

14. What are you if you win a prize?

Clue: It is the antonym of unlucky

15. What do you call something of no importance?

Clue: It is the antonym of valuable.
(Science Research Associations, Inc.: ABIVA Publishing House, Inc., 1980)

Choose the word which does not belong to the group. Underline the word of your
choice.

16. Six jugglers paced neatly alongside one another in the parade.
(marched, wandered, paraded, strode)

17. My great-grandfather had to reap the wheat on his family farm with a
(hand scythe. (gather, harvest, pick, plant)

18. She has a slender figure. ( overweight, plump , chubby, slim)

19. The art students were furnished with brushes, crayons, pencils and
various art supplies. ( deprived, divested, provided, dispossessed)

20. The value of that house is close to a million dollars.

(cost, rate, worthlessness, assessment)

24
 25
Key Answers
PRE ASSESSMENT
1. A 6. spin 11. d 16. plane
2. B 7. state 12. a 17.lumber
3. C 8. smile 13. b 18. racket
4. B 9. motor 14. c 19. bore
5. C 10. lift 15. d 20. lodge
POST ASSESSMENT
1. impossible 6. dishonest 11. casual 16. wandered
2. unsafe 7. disagree 12. generous 17. plant
3. uncomfortable 8. unfair 13. careful 18. slim
4. impolite 9. unable 14. cortunate 19. provided
5. irregular 10.impatient 15. worthless 20. worthlessness
LESSON 1
Activity 1: If Idioms Were Literal
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B
Activity 2: Make or Do
1. make 6. does 11. doing, does
2. do 7. make 12. makes
3. do 8. does 13. does
4. do 9. do 14. makes
5. makes 10. do 15. makes 16. make
Activity 3: Let Us Analyze
1. Context clue: right after dinner - A
2. Context clue: without test and homework –B
3. Context clue: when he met Cinderella –C
4. Context clue: big test tomorrow –B
5. Context clue: absent today –A
 26
LESSON 1
Activity 4: Let’s Hunt!
Idioms Collocation
1. make hay get started
2. eager beaver feels the need
3. acts up take up
4. false alarm felt relief
5. behind the scene goes on
Activity 5: Match To Make Sense
1. feeling blue 6. taking a big leap
2. a cat’s nap 7. dead wood
3. eat your words 8. hanging out
4. down to earth 9. hold your horses
5. tongue-tied 10. fish out of water
Activity 6: Fill In The Bubble
(Answers will vary as the learners use their own words.)
Activity 7: Why Not Sing The Idioms?
Refrain: none
I – It’s raining cat’s and dogs.
II – crack up; in one piece
III – hit the sack; hit the hay
IV – toss (his) cookies
V – barking up the wrong tree; hit the nail on head; out of this world
VI – fly a kite; bouncing off the walls;
up the creek without a paddle
 27
LESSON 2
Activity 1 : Collocation
1. c 6 b. 11. dreadful
2. c 7. d 12. decisive
3. c 8. c 13. latest
4. d 9. a 14. damaging
5. a 10. a 15. Itemized
What’s New
Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4
16. cord 22. Middle 28. bored 34. a
17. scales 23. Chuckle 29. finale 35. a
18. coast 24. Repair 30. clumsy 36. b
19. ash 25. Trembling 31. harsh 37. b
20. blaze 26. Certain 32. tiny 38. b
21. cast 27. Hurry 33. calm
What I have Learned
Activity 1 LESSON 3
1. c What’s In What’s More
2. a Activity 1 A B
3. b 1. c 1. vast 1. b
4. b 2. a 2. toppling off 2. c
5. c 3. c 3. afraid 3. a
6. b 4. c 4. could not move 4. d
7. c 5. a 5. came down 5. e
Activity 2 What’s It
8. bookworm Activity 2 What I Have Learned
9. Brainstorming something 1. antonyms A. 1. traditional B. 1. dictatorial
10. skip class 2. antonyms 2. cultural 2. solid
11. teacher’s pet 3. synonyms 3. tribal 3. water form
12. as easy as ABC 4. synonyms 4. racial 4. developed
13. cover a lot of ground 5. antonyms 5. folk 5. immigrant
14. eager beaver
15. copycat
16. dropout
17. pass with flying colors
REFERENCES:

Books

Arbis, Leticia R. and Samonte, Aurora L, Speech Improvement with Practice

Exercises for students of English as a Second Language, Quezon Avenue,
Quezon City: Phoenix Press, Inc, 1996

Bermudez, Virginia F., Ed. D et al, English Expressways. Textbook for Second Year.
G. Araneta Avenue, Quezon City: SD Publications, 2007.

Chambers. Idioms. Kirkpatrick, E.M. (ed.), Quezon City, Philippines: M.W.

Publishing, Inc., 1982

Reading Laboratory 2C Skills Development Card, Science Research Associations,

Inc.: ABIVA Publishing House, Inc., 1996

Villamin, Arcellie M. et al, Innovative strategies in Communication Arts, Quezon

Avenue, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 1994

Online Links

n.d. https://busyteacher.org/13748-make-or-do-collocations-key.htm.
n.d. Collocation , Accessed June 25, 2020.
n.d. Idioms/Slide Share, Accessed June 25, 2020.
n.d. Corbet, M., Idioms Lyrics by – YouTube.
n.d. https://www.google.com/search?q=idiomatic+expressions+meaning&tbm=isch&source.
n.d. https://www.slideshare.net/aubreyalvarez/idiomatic-expressions-65578.
n.d. https://www.slideshare.net/aubreyalvarez/idiomatic-expressions-65578.
n.d. https://www.slideshare.net/GraceEcheche/idiomatic-expressions-79861796.
n.d. https://www.slideshare.net/katymarie412/idiom-powerpoint?next_slides.
n.d. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanzu.
n.d.http://reading.smarttutor.com/the-importance-of-vocabulary-development/.
n.d. https://www.google.com/search?q=idiomatic+expressions+meaning&tbm=isch&source.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKbGvsVB8bg

28
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway,Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088328 0118
E-mail Address: [email protected]