Module M5/ S3

Instructor
I n s t r u Workbook
c tor Workbook Masonry Design Example Module M5/ S3

Masonry Design Example

OBJECTIVES
As a result of this session, you should be able to:
Design lintel band for out of plane bending of brick pier

Design corner stitches

Calculate the induced bending, overturning and

vertical stresses in individual brick pier of the building

Design vertical reinforcement bar for in-plane

bending of brick pier

i
I ns t ruc t or Wo rkboo k Masonry Design Example Module M5/ S3

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................1
2. OUT-PLANE ANALYSIS........................................................................2
2.1 Design Bandage at Lintel Level...........................................................2
2.2 Check for Vertical Bending below Lintel Bandage..............................4
2.3 Design of Stitches.................................................................................5
3. IN-PLANE ANALYSIS...........................................................................5
3.1 Distribution of Load in In-plane Direction of the Building..................5
4. SAMPLE DESIGN OF VERTICAL BAR...............................................8
5. CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS.............................................................10
6. CHECK FOR COMPRESSIVE STRESS..........................................10

ii
 I ns t ruc t or Wo rkboo k Masonry Design Example Module M5/ S3

1. INTRODUCTION
This session outlines the seismic analysis and design of two storey brick
masonry building by pier analysis. The seismic analysis of the building
consists of the analysis of individual piers for a) in-plane and b) out-of-plane
analysis. For in-plane analysis, the building model comprises of vertical wall
piers resisting the seismic forces along a direction of earthquake. For the wall
piers, only the resistance to in-plane lateral loads is considered. The portions
of the walls above the doors, windows, and arch openings are neglected in in-
plane analysis. For simplicity in manual calculation torsion in the building is
neglected

The analysis and design presented here is approximate and is in very

simplified version because of time limitation. The goal of this exercise is just
to give an overview of basic principles of analysis and design of masonry load
bearing elements.
5760
765 9002430900 765
1410

1560
W W
900 3720

9601200

3720

W
1410

W W
D1
765 900 765 900 765 900 765
5760

Fig.1:Floor Plan

M5/S3-1
 I ns t ruc t or Wo rkboo k Masonry Design Example Module M5/ S3

796
450 9001200 900 10041200 3000
6450
3000
450

Fig 2:Elevation

2. OUT-PLANE ANALYSIS

The walls exhibit local vibrations in an orthogonal direction to their plane due
to out-of-plane forces. Forces acting in the direction orthogonal to the plane of
the walls are proportional to the distributed mass of the walls and accelerations
induced in the building by seismic ground motion. As has been observed after
earthquakes, out-of-plane bending results into cracking at the most stressed
zones of the walls and ultimately, out-of-plane collapse of the wall orthogonal
to the direction of seismic motion. More severe consequences of out-of-plane
behaviour of masonry walls have been observed in the upper than in the lower
storeys of buildings.
Out-plane analysis of the building is carried for the design of bandages and
corner stitches.

2.1 Design Bandage at Lintel Level

The bandage is designed for horizontal banding neglecting effect of openings
nd
for 2 storey
Span of bandage = 5.53m
I ns t ruc to r Workbook Masonry Design Example Module M5/ S3

Fig 3:Load Carried by Bandage at Lintel Level

Load carried by the bandage, q = (1.05 + 0.4)*(19*0.23)*0.29

= 1.84 KN/m
2
M = 1.84*5.53 /10 = 5.63 KNm (At Support)

Design bandage as steel I Beam Lever arm = 230-2*20-12 = 178 mm

178
Ast = 5.63*106/(178*(415*0.56*1.25)
= 109 mm2
Use 2 numbers 12 mmbars

230
 I ns t ruc to r Workbook Masonry Design Example Module M5/ S3

2.2 Check for Vertical Bending below Lintel Bandage

Lateral load = 1*19*0.23*0.29 = 1.27 KN/m

2
M = 1.26*2.1 /12 = 0.47 kNm/m strip

Bending Stress, fb = M/Z

6 2
= .47*10 /(23 /6*1000)
0
= 0.053 MPa

5760
Vertical load at mid height of wall below bandage
7.25m²
= (2.1/2+0.8)*0.23*19+7.25*3.5 (wall+slab)

3.46m² = 33.5 kN

Compressive stress fa = 33.5*1000/(5760*230)

= 0.025 MPa

Combined Vertical Stress on Wall

2
Permissible Bending Stress for M1 = 0.07 N/mm (IS 1905)
Combined Vertical Stress f = f ± f
a b
= 0.025 ± 0.053 = 0.028 (T) < 0.07 MPa O.K.,
= 0.078 (C)
If tensile stress exceeds the permissible value, provide a sill level bandage.
 I ns t ruc to r Workbook Masonry Design Example Module M5/ S3

2.3 Design of Stitches

Bandage Lateral load carried by stitch,

= 2.1*(2.1/2)/2*0.23*19*0.29
= 1.4 kN

Stitches X-Sectional area of steel,

= 1.4*1000/(2*415*0.56*1.25) =
2.5 mm2
= Provide 2 Nos 8 mmbar for the stitches for integrity of walls though not required by desi

3. IN-PLANE ANALYSIS
Loading in the direction of the wall is known as in-plane loading. Lateral load
of earthquake is mainly resisted by the in-plane stiffness of masonry walls. If
there is uniform distribution of walls in both orthogonal directions and
geometric requirements for shear walls (effective height, size and position of
openings) and connection between walls and floors are met, out-of-plane
resistance to seismic action is usually not critical.

3.1 Distribution of Load in In-plane Direction of the B ilding

Consider the load in the transverse direction i.e. in the Y-direction of the
building.
The analysis done here is based on NO TORSION, for simplicity. However,
the building is torsionally active and it is strongly advised to analyze for
torsion as well. Similarly, effect of cross walls is ignored in pier analysis. It
can be considered by considering effective areas of piers at L or T section. The
commonly used rules for establishing flange width of T or L section can be
used in the case. (If L or T section assumed, check shear stresses at interface of
return wall.)
I ns t ruc t or Wo rkboo k Masonry Design Example Module M5/ S3

1 2

1410

1560
P1
P3
900 3720

9601200
W
D

3720
1410

P2
P4

Fig 4: Piers for In-Plane Analysis

Base shear in the building = 100 KN
As torsion is not taken into account, both the transverse wall will carry equal
lateral load.
Lateral load on each wall = 100/2 =50 KN
st
Analysis is done for 1 storey pier along Grid # 2 only.
Pier Analysis:
Table 1: Stiffness of Piers
2 4
b* A (m ) I (m ) Proportion
Height h (m)

d of lateral
Pier

(m) load carried

by pier

P3 2.1 0.23*1.56 0.3588 0.0727 0.0405 0.74

P4 2.1 0.23*0.96 0.2208 0.0169 0.0146 0.26

0.0551

M5/S3-6
I ns t ruc t or Wo rkboo k Masonry Design Example Module M5/ S3

Bending Moment

Lateral Load Carried by P3= (54/2+46/2)*0.74

54/2
= 37 kN

3000
Lateral Load Carried by P4= (54/2+46/2)*0.23
= 13 kN

46/2 3000

13.6 KNm38.8 KNm

Table 2: Bending13 KN37

Stress
KN in Piers

Pier M (KNm) Z Fb = M/Z

2
230 * 1560 /6 = 93288000
P3 38.8 0.416
2
230 * 960 /6 = 35328000
P4 13.6 ABCD 0.385
960 12001560
P4P3

Overturning Moment
At the bottom of pier, Mo = 54/2 * 6 + 46/2 * 3
= 231 KNm
Calculation of I of the wall in plan,

A =
= 2.0 m
2 2
I = + +[0.96*0.23*(2-0.48) ] + [1.56*0.23*(2.94-2) ]
4
= 0.9169 m
Overturning Stresses:
-4
(fo)A = = = 2.519*10 *2000= 0.504 MPa (T)

-4
(fo)B= = = 2.519*10 *1040= 0.262 MPa (T)
 I ns t ruc t or Wo rkboo k Masonry Design Example Module M5/ S3

-4
(fo)C= = = 2.519*10 *(-160)= 0.0403 MPa (C)

-4
(fo)D= = =2.519*10 *(-1720)= 0.433 MPa
(C)

9601200 1560

2940
480
230

P4 P3
A B C D
2000

Mo=231 KN
0.504

0.433
0.262

0.0403

Fig : 5 : Overturning Stress (MPa)

Vertical Stresses
Vertical Stresses=[(6-2*0.1)*3.72 – 2.1*1.2] *(0.23*19) + (3.46*3.5)
+[3.46*(3.5+0.5)] = 83.27 + 12.11 + 13.84 =109.22 KN
fa = = 0.1884 MPa

Table 3: Combination of Stress at Bottom of Pier

Bending Overturning
Point Vertical stress Total
Stress stress
A 0.385 0.504 -0.1884 0.700
B -0.385 0.262 -0.1884 -0.311
C 0.416 -0.0403 -0.1884 0.1873
D -0.416 -0.433 -0.1884 -1.037

4. SAMPLE DESIGN OF VERTICAL BAR

Pier # 4
I ns t ruc t or Wo rkboo k Masonry Design Example Module M5/ S3

960

P4
0.700 = 0.311
x (960-x)
230

or, 0.311x = 672-0.7x

or, 1.011x = 672
or, x = 665
0.700 MPa

0.311 MPa
x=665 295

Tension Zone Comp. Zone

Total Tensile force =

= 53532 N
Steel required =
2
= 184 mm
Provide 1 no of 16mm Ø bar.

16mm Ø bar

230

Bar for New Construction

 I ns t ruc t or Wo rkboo k Masonry Design Example Module M5/ S3

5. CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS

Shear stress in Pier # P3
Shear force, V = 37 KN
Shear stress =

=
= 0.103 MPa
2
Compressive stress due to DL= 0.1884 N/mm
Permissible shear stress = 0.1 + 0.1884/6
2
= 0.13 N/mm

Hence safe in shear stress

6. CHECK FOR COMPRESSIVE STRESS

Unit load
2
Slab= 0.1*25+0.05*20 = 3.5 kN/m
2
Wall=0.23*19=4.37 kN/m
Total dead load in building due to wall and slab DL
= 2*5.76*3.72*3.5+2*2*(5.53+3.49)*3*4.37 = 623 KN
Total live load on both the floors LL=5.76*3.72*2+5.76*3.72*0.75 = 58.9 kN
Total Load= DL+LL = 682 kN
2
Compressive Stress=682/((5.53+3.49)*2*0.23) kN/m
2
=0.164 N/mm
2
Permissible value of compressive stress = 0.35 N/mm

Hence safe

M5/S3-10