KIET GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

Tutorial Sheet No. 4

1. A Froen 12 (R-12) simple vapour compression refrigeration system operating between condenser
temperature of 400C and evaporature temperature of -50C, develops 20 tons of refrigeations. The
refrigerant vapour is super heated 00C before entering the compressor and the liquid refrigerant after
the condenser (i.e. condensate) is subcooled to 300C. Assuming isentropic compression draw the cycle
on P-H chart or R-12 and determine-
I. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant.
II. The power required by the compressor.
III. The theoretical piston displacement of the compressor.
IV. The heat rejected in the condenser.
V. C.O.P. of vapour compression refrigeration cycle.
2. An ammonia vapour compression refrigerating machine works between 250C and -200C. The
ammonia leaves the compressor in dry and saturated condition. Liquid ammonia is under cooled to
21.50C before passing through throttle valve. The average specific heat of liquid ammonia is 4.75
kJ/kg0C. Find the theoretical C.O.P. of the machine. The following properties of NH3 are given.
Temp 0C Liquid Vapour
Hf (KJ/Kg) Sf (KJ/Kg-K) Sg (KJ/Kg) Sg (KJ/Kg-K)
25 537.6 4.612 1708.5 8.534
-25 328.4 3.854 1661.0 9.118
If the refrigeration required is 400 x 103 kJ/kg, find the mass of ammonia circulated/min.
Assume relative C.O.P. is 75% of theoretical C.O.P.
3. An ammonia saturated vapour compression cycle works between the pressure limits of 1.4 bar
evaporator pressure and 10 bar condenser pressure. The mass flow rate of NH3 H.P. compressor is 16
kg/min. Calculate the power needed to run the plant and C.O.P. of the system when.
(i) System uses two stage compression with liquid intercooling. The intermediate pressur is 4 bar
and the vapour after intercooling is dry saturated.
(ii) Single state compression without intercooling.
Assume no subcooling in the condenser.
4. A food storage requires a refrigeration of 12 tonne capacity at an evaporator temperature of 100C and
condenser temperature of 250C. The refrigerant NH3 is subcooled by 50C before passing through
throttle valve. The vapour leaving the evaporator coil is 0.97 dry. Find the coefficient of performance
and power required to run the plant. Neglect all losses. Properties of NH3 are
Temp Liquid Vapour
0
C hf (kJ/kg) sf (kJ/kgk) Cp (KJ/Kg-K) hf (kJ/kg) sf (kJ/kgk) Cp (KJ/Kg-K)
25 537.6 4.612 4.62 1708 8.54 2.8
-25 376.3 4.03 - 1675 10.23 -
5. A two stage compression ammonia refrigerating system with intercooler working between the pressure
limit of 1.55 bar and 14 bar is used to take a load of 50 TR. The intercooler pressure is 4.92 bar. The
ammonia is cooled is cooled to 320C in the water cooler and subcooled as liquid 300C. Find
 (i) The rate of ammonia circulation per minute.
(ii) Power required to drive the compressor
(iii) C.O.P. of the system.
6. An ammonia refrigeration system used in ice plant operates between evaporator temperature of -200C
and condensing temperature of 300C. it produces 10 tons of ice per day from water at 250C to ice 00C.
Using standard vapour compression cycle determines.
(i) Capacity
(ii) Mass flow of refrigerant
(iii) Temperature at outlet if compressor
(iv) Work done
(v) C.O.P
(vi) Ideal C.O.P.
(vii) Bore and stroke of the twin cylinder compressor L/D=1.3, volumetric efficiency = 0.80,
N= 1000 RPM
(viii) Mass flow of refrigerant of refrigerant is sub-cooled by 100C before entering into the
expansion valve. take Cp liquid = 4.6 kJ/kgk, Latent heat Lice = 335 kJ/kg
Saturation Specific Specific enthalpies Sp. Entropy
temperature Volume, vg kJ/kg kJ/kgK
0 3
ts ( C) (m /kg)
hf hfg hg sf sg

-20 0.6244 89.8 1330.2 1420.0 0.3684 5.6244

+30 0.1107 323.1 1149.9 1468.9 1.2037 4.9862

7. An ammonia refrigerator produces 20 tons of ice per day from and at 100C. The condensation and
evaporation takes at 200C and -200C respectively. The temperature of vapour at the end of isentropic
compression is 500C and there is no undercooling of the liquid. The actual C.O.P. is 70% of the
theoretical C.O.P., Determine
(i) The rate of NH3 circulation
(ii) The size of single acting compressor when running at 2400 r.p.m. assume L=D and
volumetric efficiency of 80%.
(iii) Take hfg (Latent heat of fusion of ice) = 335 kg kJ/kg
Properties of NH3
Temperature Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy(kJ/kg-k)
hf hg Sf Sg
20 274.98 1461.58 1.04341 5.0919
-20 89.72 1419.05 0.3682 5.6204
Take (vsup) specific volume of dry vapour at -200C = 0.624 m3/kg, specific heat of superheated
vapour=2.8 kJ/kgk.
8. A water cooler works on vapour compression cycle suing R- 12 as refrigerant. It works between the
pressure limits 3 bar and 7.45 bar. The cooler cools the water at the rate of 120 kg/hour from 25 0C to
80C, 22% of useful cooling is lost into the water cooler. The volumetric and mechanical efficiencies of
the compressor are 82% and 85% respectively and the mechanical efficiency of the motor is 95%
calculate
(i) Capacity of water cooled required
 (ii) Mass flow rate of refrigerant in kg/min
(iii) Power of the motor
(iv) Power required to run the compressor
(v) Piston displacement bore and stroke of the compressor. Assume stroke = 1.2 x bore and speed
of compressor as 3000 r.p.m.
Properties of R-12 refrigerants are (Assume cp = 0.62 kJ/kgk)

Saturation Saturation Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kgK

pressure (bar) temperature (0C) hf hg sf Sg
3 0 36.1 187.5 0.6966 0.554
7.45 30 14.6 199.6 0.6854 0.0235
0
9. A vapour compression machine is used to maintain a temperature of -23 C in a refrigerated space. The
ambient temperature is 370C. The compressor takes in dry saturated vapour F12. A minimum 100C
temperature difference is required at the evaporator as well as at condenser. There is no subcooling of
liquid. If the refrigerant flow rate is 1 kg/min find (i) Tonnage of refrigeration (ii) Power requirement
(iii) Ratio os C.O.P. of this cycle to C.O.P. of carnot cycle.
10. Calculate the power needed to compress 20 kg/min of R-22 from saturated vapour at 1.4 bar to a
condensing pressure of 10 bar by two stage compression with intercooling by liquid refrigerant at 4
bar. Assume saturated liquid to leave the condensor and dry saturated vapours to leave the evaporator
use the p-h chart, Sketch the cycle on p-h chart and lebel the values of enthalpy at sailent points and
find out compressor works or power required for the cycle.
11. In a 15 TR ammonia plant, compression is carried out in two stages with water and flash intercooling
and water subcooling. The particulars of the plant are
Condenser pressure = 12 bar
Evaporator pressure = 3 bar
Flash intercooler pressure =6 bar
Limiting temperature for intercooling and subcooling = 200C
Draw the cycle on p-h chart and estimate (a) the coefficient of performance of the plant. (b) the
power required for each compressor (c) the swept volume for each compressor if the volumetric
efficiency of both compressor is 80%.