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MC Assignment - 3: Digital Twin of A Person

A digital twin is a digital representation of a physical object or system that takes real-world data as inputs and produces predictions or simulations of how that physical system will be affected. Digital twins are created by specialists who develop mathematical models to simulate the physical object. The twin receives input from sensors on the physical counterpart to simulate it in real time and provide insights. Private 5G networks are emerging to address critical wireless needs in industries through highly available, reliable, secure networks that can interconnect with public networks and provide quality of service tailored to specific industry needs. Deployment models range from using only private coverage to fully isolated private networks.

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Vidhi Kishor
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36 views

MC Assignment - 3: Digital Twin of A Person

A digital twin is a digital representation of a physical object or system that takes real-world data as inputs and produces predictions or simulations of how that physical system will be affected. Digital twins are created by specialists who develop mathematical models to simulate the physical object. The twin receives input from sensors on the physical counterpart to simulate it in real time and provide insights. Private 5G networks are emerging to address critical wireless needs in industries through highly available, reliable, secure networks that can interconnect with public networks and provide quality of service tailored to specific industry needs. Deployment models range from using only private coverage to fully isolated private networks.

Uploaded by

Vidhi Kishor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MC Assignment -3

(14501012017- VIDHI KISHOR)

Digital Twin of a Person


A digital twin is a digital representation of a physical object or system. The technology behind digital
twins has expanded to include large items such as buildings, factories and even cities, and some
have said people and processes can have digital twins, expanding the concept even further. The idea
first arose at NASA: full-scale mockups of early space capsules, used on the ground to mirror and
diagnose problems in orbit, eventually gave way to fully digital simulations.
But the term really took off after Gartner named digital twins as one of its top 10 strategic
technology trends for 2017 saying that within three to five years, “billions of things will be
represented by digital twins, a dynamic software model of a physical thing or system". A year later,
Gartner once again named digital twins as a top trend, saying that “with an estimated 21 billion
connected sensors and endpoints by 2020, digital twins will exist for billions of things in the near
future."

In essence, a digital twin is a computer program that takes real-world data about a physical object or
system as inputs and produces as outputs predications or simulations of how that physical object or
system will be affected by those inputs.
How does a digital twin work?
A digital twin begins its life being built by specialists, often experts in data science or applied
mathematics. These developers research the physics that underlie the physical object or system
being mimicked and use that data to develop a mathematical model that simulates the real-world
original in digital space.

The twin is constructed so that it can receive input from sensors gathering data from a real-world
counterpart. This allows the twin to simulate the physical object in real time, in the process offering
insights into performance and potential problems. The twin could also be designed based on a
prototype of its physical counterpart, in which case the twin can provide feedback as the product is
refined; a twin could even serve as a prototype itself before any physical version is built.
The process is outlined in some detail in this post from Eniram, a company that creates digital twins
of the massive container ships that carry much of world commerce – an extremely complex kind of
digital twin application. However, a digital twin can be as complicated or as simple as you like, and
the amount of data you use to build and update it will determine how precisely you're simulating a
physical object. For instance, this tutorial outlines how to build a simple digital twin of a car, taking
just a few input variables to compute mileage.
Private 5G Network
A new generation of private 5G networks is emerging to address critical wireless communication
requirements in public safety, infrastructure and industry. These private networks are physical or
virtual cellular systems that have been deployed for private use by governments or companies. Non-
public network (NPN) is the term adopted by 3GPP for such networks.
Use cases typically discussed are as follows:
factory-floor automation and flexibility
real-time situation awareness solutions (including sensors, HD video surveillance and massive
diagnosis data upload)
preventive maintenance
workforce management
machine utilization optimization
risk management (safety area management)
remote asset control (sensor monitoring)
worker health and safety (with AR/VR or push-to-talk voice)

Requirements for 5G private networks


Availability :High availability means that the end user can always use the service. In practice, the
network must be built so that downtime is virtually zero and any system maintenance can be
controlled, guaranteeing maximum availability. This may include robust solutions and redundancy
constructions of critical elements.
Reliability :Reliability refers to the capability of transmitting a given amount of traffic within a
predetermined duration with high success probability. It requires sufficient network coverage and
capacity, as well as robust handover functionality.
Interworking :Interworking with public networks is an important capability. Many critical services
like ambulances need service continuity while moving from one network to another, for instance
from a private network to a public network. This requires a level of integration between networks.
Possible deployment options are discussed on page 8.
Quality of service :QoS comprises throughput, latency, jitter, packet drop rate and more. Running
private networks on dedicated spectrum offers the possibility to control each. Furthermore, system
performance and resource use for different services can be tailored to the specific needs within
private network deployment.
Security :Private networks are expected to provide full end-to-end security to ensure information,
infrastructure and people are protected from threats. This involves implementing measures to
preserve the three main security principles: confidentiality, integrity and availability.
Deployment Models : Model A shows a network where the only element added is private coverage,
while all user plane and control plane elements are provided by the public network. Model B shows
a network where the radio access network (RAN) and some control plane elements are shared with
the public network but the NPN has its own local services too, while model C is the isolated network,
where the whole network is deployed on-premises as a standalone NPN.

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