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RTGRTGVT

This passage discusses aerodynamic coefficients and forces for two-dimensional and three-dimensional bodies. It explains that for three-dimensional bodies, capital letters are used to denote coefficients like CL, CD, CM, and CA, while lowercase letters like cl, cd, and cm are used for two-dimensional bodies where forces are per unit span. It also introduces the dimensionless pressure and skin friction coefficients, Cp and cf, and shows how equations for lift, drag, and moment can be written in terms of these coefficients.

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40 views1 page

RTGRTGVT

This passage discusses aerodynamic coefficients and forces for two-dimensional and three-dimensional bodies. It explains that for three-dimensional bodies, capital letters are used to denote coefficients like CL, CD, CM, and CA, while lowercase letters like cl, cd, and cm are used for two-dimensional bodies where forces are per unit span. It also introduces the dimensionless pressure and skin friction coefficients, Cp and cf, and shows how equations for lift, drag, and moment can be written in terms of these coefficients.

Uploaded by

224883061
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Anderson-98101 book November 4, 2009 21:42

CHAPTER 1 Aerodynamics: Some Introductory Thoughts 25

The particular choice of reference area and length is not critical; however, when
using force and moment coefficient data, you must always know what reference
quantities the particular data are based upon.
The symbols in capital letters listed above (i.e., C L , C D , C M , and C A ) denote
the force and moment coefficients for a complete three-dimensional body such
as an airplane or a finite wing. In contrast, for a two-dimensional body, such as
given in Figures 1.18 and 1.19, the forces and moments are per unit span. For these
two-dimensional bodies, it is conventional to denote the aerodynamic coefficients
by lowercase letters; for example,
L D M
cl ≡ cd ≡ cm ≡
q∞ c q∞ c q∞ c 2
where the reference area S = c(1) = c.
Two additional dimensionless quantities of immediate use are
p − p∞
Pressure coefficient: Cp ≡
q∞
τ
Skin friction coefficient: cf ≡
q∞
where p∞ is the freestream pressure.
The most useful forms of Equations (1.7), (1.8), and (1.11) are in terms of
the dimensionless coefficients introduced above. From the geometry shown in
Figure 1.22,
d x = ds cos θ (1.12)
dy = −(ds sin θ ) (1.13)
S = c(1) (1.14)
Substituting Equations (1.12) and (1.13) into Equations (1.7), (1.8), and (1.11),
dividing by q∞ , and further dividing by S in the form of Equation (1.14), we

Figure 1.22 Geometrical relationship of


differential lengths.

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