Chapter I

The Problem and its Background

Introduction

Humans are programmed to speak before they even learn to

read and write. Speaking plays a vital role in the society in

order to communicate and interact with each other effectively. It

is an interactive process of making meanings that includes

producing, receiving and processing information. Of all the

four(4) skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing)

speaking skills seems to be the most important and essential

skill to acquire since it is one of the abilities that is needed

to perform a conversation and is necessary in expressing emotion,

thoughts and ideas. However, speaking skill is regarded as one of

the most difficult aspect of language learning. Many language

learners find it difficult to express themselves in spoken

language especially in English.

Tarone 2005, argues that speaking English is usually viewed

as the most complex and difficult skill to master. In the recent

study of Bygate 2009, agreed in the aforementioned statement by

claiming that learners with reading and writing proficiency do

not always have fine speaking skills.

1
 The Philippines has been known as one of the largest

speaking nations with its population having atleast some degree

of fluency in the language. With such advantage, many Filipinos

have a lot of opportunities here and abroad. However there is a

growing concern on the English proficiency of the graduates and

students alike. This skill is somewhat neglected in the

classroom. Students do not get much chance either in the

classroom or outside to speak English which affects their level

of speaking skill. Also some factors that could affect the level

of speaking skills of learners in English could be because of

inhibition, because of their level of competency learners tends

to inhibit themselves from talking because they are worried of

making mistakes and are fearful of others criticism. Other

factors are the students’ attitude toward bilingual language and

also the usage of Mother Tongue.

The researcher conducted this research for the reason that

this problem have been observed and experienced by the

researchers themselves. Furthermore, the researchers wanted to

know the level of students speaking competence and also the

factors that affects the level of speaking skills among the

General Academic Strand. The study could provide a clear

understanding of the real situation and ways to provide better

outcomes. Furthermore, solutions to the aforementioned problem

could be generated and utilized.

2
Statement of the Problem

This study focuses on the “Factors affecting the level of

students speaking skills in English,” to give wider knowledge

related to the said topic.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following objectives.

1. What are the factors affecting the students speaking skills?

2. What is the level of students speaking skills as assess by

students and teachers?

3. Is there a significant difference between the level of

speaking skills as asses by students and teachers?

4. What are the difficulties encountered by students along

speaking?

5. What action plan can be proposed?

Significance of the Study

The study entitled “Factors Affecting the level of Students

Speaking skills in English”, would be beneficial to the

following;

Students. It helps the students to ascertained what are the

factors affecting the level of speaking skills in English and how

to cope up with the problem in order for them to speak

3
confidently without feeling nervous or worried about mistakes

with smooth pronunciation, and also helps to have an idea on how

to improve their spoken English in a right manner. Furthermore,

this would help the learners to increase their self-esteem, boost

their confidence and willingness to communicate and participate

actively during classes.

Teachers. This study can be a basis to improve their teaching

methodology with a view of bringing up the students who are able

to speak good English. This can be achieved through involving

them in tasks like brainstorming, discussions and information

gap; these activities will encourage students to speak English.

Parents. It helps the parents know the proper approach and

guidance for their child to improve in spoken English. Also,

otherwise give their child an English grammar dictionary, as well

as tutoring them to gain more knowledge in speaking English

fluently.

School. This study can be a basis to determine why so many

students had problems with their English and struggle to become

fluent speakers, through this basis, school should be able to

provide rules and better approach to teach all the students on

how to use grammar without thinking when they speak. So the

students could learn English through their knowledge, they are

trained to translate in their heads during conversations and

school would be granted because the student in their campus had

4
confidence and not afraid to speak English language when they are

talking to one another.

Researchers. This would help the researchers to broaden their

knowledge about the factors affecting the level of students’

speaking competence in English among the General Academic Strand

and how the researchers make a solution to provide a project to

help their respondents to solve the factors affecting level

speaking competence in English. And also, this would serve as a

guide to future researchers in making their own research.

Scope and Delimitation

This study deals on the topic regarding the Factors

affecting the level of students speaking skills in English among

the General Academic Strand in Casiguran Technical Vocational

School during the school year 2019-2020. The respondents of this

study were the General Academic Strand from grade 11 and grade 12

respectively. The researchers got 15 representatives in each

mentioned grade level of the General Academic Strand, in

addition, 30 teachers in the aspect of English language (English,

Science, Math, etc.) are selected in order to gain more

information needed.

The study was confined to the General Academic Strand only

whereas its focus was only limited to the Senior High School

5
students. The Junior High School students and other strands like

STEM, ABM and TVL track were excluded in this study for the

reason that the General Academic Strand mainly focuses on most of

this aspect. Also, the other schools in Casiguran, Sorsogon were

not included.

Definition of Terms

Speaking Skills. The skill that gives us the ability to

communicate effectively. This skill allows the speaker, to convey

his/her message in a thoughtful and convincing manner.

(https://www.sworshare.net)

Language. A system of conventional spoken, manual or a symbol by

means of which human beings as member of social group and

participants in its nature express themselves.

(https://www.britannica.com)

General Academic Strand. One of the four strands of the Academic

Track for Senior High School. Unlike the other career-specific

strands, GAS is designed for students who are not decided yet on

what course they want to take in college.

Beginner. Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions

and very basic phrase.

6
Intermediate. Can understand the main ideas of complex text on

both concrete and abstract topics. Can interact w/ degree of

fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction.

Advance. Can understand a wide range of demanding longer text and

recognize implicit meaning. Can use language flexibly and

effectively for social academic purposes.

7
 Chapter II

Theoretical Framework

Related Literature

Zhang 2009, argued that speaking remains the most difficult

skill to master for the majority of English learners and they are

still incompetent in communicating orally in English. There are

many factors that cause difficulty in speaking and the area are

as follows: 1. Inhibition, students are worried about making

mistakes, fearful of criticism, or simply shy. 2. Nothing to say,

students have no motive to express themselves. 3. Low or uneven

participation, only one participant can talk at a time because of

large classes and the tendency of some learners to dominate,

while other speak very little or not at all 4. Mother tongue use,

learners who share the same mother tongue tend to use it because

it is easier and because learners feel less exposed if they are

speaking their mother tongue.

Rababah 2005, pointed out that there are many factors that

cause the difficulties in speaking English among the English

learners. Some of these factors are related to the learners

themselves, the teaching strategies, the curriculum, and the

environment. For example, many learners lack the necessary

vocabulary to get the meaning across, and consequently, they

8
cannot keep the interaction going. Inadequate strategic

competence and communication competence can be another reason as

well.

Nation and Newton 2009, stated that students’ speaking

performance can be affected by the factors that comes from

performance conditions (time pressure, planning, standard of

performance and amount of support), affective factors such as

motivation, confidence and anxiety, listening ability and

feedback during speaking activities.

Dil 2009, investigated that learners’ obstacles in English

language classrooms, and it reported that anxiety and

unwillingness during the English-speaking process are considered

the two biggest obstacles for students. Anxiety and unwillingness

are caused by the fear of being negatively evaluated when making

mistakes, particularly in front of their friends. The study also

revealed that students who perceive their language as poor feel

more anxious and are more unwilling to communicate in English

classes than the other students perceiving their English level as

very good, good and Ok.

Tanveer 2007, examined the factors caused anxiety for

learners in learning speaking ability and the impact of anxiety

to the target language communication. The obtained results

9
indicated that learners’ feeling of stress and anxiety lowers the

learners’ speaking performance.

Lukitasari 2003, pointed out that learners face a lot of

speaking difficulties such as inhibition, nothing to say, low

participation and mother tongue use in their speaking classes.

The learners have poor speaking skills because they did not learn

the three components of speaking called vocabulary, grammar and

pronunciation.

The aforementioned articles are significant to the present

study because it strongly points out and gives emphasis to

support the study. Mentioned above are the different factors and

difficulties encountered by most learners in speaking English

that includes Inhibition, Mother Tongue use, teaching strategies

and motivation, anxiety, unwillingness and self-confidence. The

researchers of the above-mentioned articles mainly focus on the

difficulties and factors on the learners speaking skills in

English which correlates with the present study.

According to Ellis 2003, speaking progress could be done by

involving learners in performing two types of communicative

tasks: focused communicative task and unfocused communicative

task. Both of this task is to engage learners in using

pragmatically rather than displaying language. They seek to

develop language proficiency through communication. Through

10
communication learners can integrate separate structures into a

creative system for expressing meanings.

Prieto 2007, stated that one way to improve speaking skills

is to interact with others, learn from others and the choice of

topic based on the learners’ interest in order to encourage them.

Additionally, Cameron 2001 stated that language is best learned

when the learner’s attention is focused explicitly on linguistic

features. Learners can improve their speaking abilities by

developing learning strategies that enable them to become

independent learners.

Indicated in the above articles are the solution or

interventions that could be made in order to enhance the learners

speaking skills in English. It includes involving learners in

performing two types of communicative tasks: focused

communicative task and unfocused communicative task, including

some oral activities in the form of songs, rhymes and simple

stories and more conversational language, interact with others,

learn from others and the choice of topic based on the learners’

interest in order to encourage them and focused explicitly on

linguistic features. The above-mentioned study is essential

because it provides the researchers an idea as to how to solve,

give action and intervention to the problem.

11
Review of Related Studies

Leong and Ahmadi 2017, carried out a study on the factors

influencing learner’s English-speaking skills by tracing out the

body of research concerning the term speaking performance,

speaking problems, and factors affecting speaking performance.

The study above represents that speaking skills of the

students influences by speaking on front without any preparation.

This also represents that the teachers may praise their students

to speak English, give their learners not to worry about making

mistakes.

Urrutia and Vega 2010, demonstrated that learner’s oral

performance was influenced by their lack of vocabulary,

diffidence, and fear of being despised.

Their study states that the learners speaking and oral

performance was not good enough because of they doesn’t have

self-confidence. Learners influence their performance because of

lack of knowledge in English vocabulary and have a fear of

mistakes. They also stated that self-confidence, affected

significantly on the learner’s oral performance.

Ali Dincer and Savas Yesilyurt 2013, carried out a study

towards teachers’ beliefs on speaking skills based on

motivational orientations. This study indicates that the teachers

had negative opinions about speaking instruction though they

believed that it was a great significance in speaking skills.

12
 This study states that the teacher beliefs about speaking

skills were gathered in regard to motivational orientations.

Speaking named as one of the primary motivational resources, and

the students learning English mostly desire to master English

speaking skills.

Boonkit 2010, carried out a study on the factors increasing

the development of learner’s speaking skills the results

represented that the use of appropriate activities for speaking

skills can be a good strategy to decrease speaker’s anxiety.

Tanver 2007, examined the factors caused anxiety for learners in

learning speaking ability and the impact of anxiety on target

language communication.

The study above, states that appropriate activities can help

learners’ speaking skills for lessen the learner’s anxiety.

Anxiety affects the learners’ ability to communicate by speaking

in English. This study shows that learners face a lot of speaking

difficulties such as nothing to say, fear of mistakes, and mother

tongue use in their speaking classes. Appropriate activities are

a strategy in overcoming speaking problems.

Al Nakhalan 2016, performed a study towards the difficulties

of using English encountered by English language students. The

results of this study indicated that there are some difficulties

in the speaking of the students due to some reasons such as far

of mistake, shyness, anxiety and lack of confidence.

13
 This study shows that many difficulties that the students

faces and encountered. This difficulty affects the performance in

speaking in English of the students and reasons why they are not

speaking fluently.

Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art

Researchers on Related Literature presents that Anxiety,

inhibition, Shyness, lack of motivation, mother tongue use,

grammar and vocabulary are the difficulties encountered by the

learners in speaking English language. Additionally, the students

themselves, the curriculum, the environment and time pressure

also contribute to the factors affecting the students’ level of

speaking skills.

Zhang 2009, Dil 2009, Tanveer 2007, and Lukitasari 2003

implies that Anxiety, unwillingness, inhibition, Shyness, lack of

motivation, mother tongue use, grammar and vocabulary are the

following factors as to why learners have poor speaking skills.

There focus is about the difficulties encountered by the learners

regarding the study.

Rababah 2005, and Nation and Newton 2009 has a varying

perspective whereas the factors affecting the students’ level of

speaking skills are related to themselves, the teaching

strategies, the curriculum, environment and their performance

14
conditions (time pressure, planning, standard of performance and

amount of support).

Ellis 2003 and Prieto 2007 arrived with the solutions and

intervention in order to enhance the learners speaking skills in

English.

Gap Bridge by the Study

Review of related literature and studies has been made. It

was observed that the current studies were focused on the

factors, difficulties, and solution or intervention to students’

level speaking skills in English. This study is an avenue in

bridging the situation of the school and to be able to enhance

the fluency and knowledge about speaking in English of each

students’ through this study. A gap is discerned that no study

was initiated upon the same research that the study is all about.

Many have studied about the factors affecting the students’ level

speaking skills but no study has found out to study the same

setting of the topic.

The researchers found out the factors that affects the

students’ level of speaking skills. Also, the difficulties of the

Senior High School students’ in speaking in English. By the

utilization of the survey and questionnaire in conducting this

study, this makes a gap bridged to the present study.

15
Conceptual Framework

Krahsens 1985, theory of second language learning-language

acquisition informed the study. In this theory, Krashen argues

that the language acquisition requires neither expensive use of

conscious grammatical rule nor tedious drill. However, it

requires meaningful interaction in the target language in which

the speakers are concerned with the message they are conveying

and understand rather than the form of their utterance. Krashen

therefore suggests that the best methods to be used in order to

acquire a language are those that supply ‘comprehensible input’

in low anxiety situations and those that contain messages the

students really want to hear. Comprehensible input is the

language input that can be understood by listener despite them

not understanding all the words and structures in the language.

Conceptual Paradigm

Input Process Output Outcome

16
Factors affecting
the level of Help
students speaking Survey
skills. improve the
Questionnaire,
Propose
Level of students speaking
Checklist,
speaking skills Action
Data Analysis skills
as asses by Plan:
students and Procedure, among
teachers. English
Tabulation, students’-
Conversation
Difficulties Interpretation General
encounters by Program
students along and Academic
speaking. Presentation Strand

In this study, the input contains the factors affecting the

student’s level of speaking skills in English. The process of

this study will use a survey questionnaire, checklist, data

analysis procedures, tabulation, interpretation and presentation

these is very important to find the factors that affect the

speaking skills in English of the students and also the process

elicit answers to the statement of the problem, these would

help to gather data and information. And an action plan is

proposed as the output of this study. The outcome of this study

provides a clear understanding of the level of students speaking

skills and the factors that affect the students speaking skills

in English among the General Academic Strand help to improved

their fluency in speaking in English.

17
 Speaking skills in English is the common obstacles face by

the students. The factors related to speaking are language

anxiety, lack of confidence and motivation, Attitude towards

bilingual language, vocabulary, peers, age, listening skills,

shyness and fear of mistakes. Anxiety is the affective factor.

Anxiety happen when the students speak in front of the classroom

without preparation and classroom activities that are related in

English have also caused anxiety.

Students get difficulties and often relevant to speak

because they are shy and are not confident to expressing

themselves in front of the people, especially when they are being

asked to give personal information or opinion.

Research Hypothesis

Speaking skills is regarded as one of the most difficult

aspect of language learning. Many students are experiencing the

difficulty in speaking and expressing themselves in a foreign

language which is English. The researchers assumed that there are

many factors that actually affect the students’ level of Speaking

skills. The researcher’s hypotheses are as follows:

Hypothesis 1: There are factors affecting the level of students

speaking skills like - Language Anxiety, Inhibition, Lack of

18
Motivation, and Attitude towards Bilingual Language, Vocabulary,

Age, Listening Skills and Mother Tongue Use.

Hypothesis 2: The level of students speaking skills as asses by

students and teachers are categorized into six (3): Beginner,

Intermediate, and Advanced. The researchers assumed that the

respondents belong to the level of Intermediate.

Hypothesis 3: There is a significant difference between the level

of speaking skills as asses by students and teachers.

Hypothesis 4: There are difficulties encounter by the students

along speaking.

Hypothesis 5: The propose action plan will help the students to

improve their speaking skills.

Chapter III

Research Design and Methodology

This chapter presents the method used in this study as well

as the procedures that the researchers undertook to arrive at the

19
solutions to the problem raised in this research. It covers the

research design, respondents, research instruments, data

gathering procedures, and data analysis procedures.

Research Design

The study employed a survey design which enabled the

researcher access information of the teachers and students views

on factors affecting the level of students' speaking skills in

English among the general academic strand during classroom

interactions. This research design entails to find out what is

the phenomenon experienced and the data collected is analyzed

descriptively. Borg and Gall 1989, note that descriptive survey

research is intended to produce statistical information about

aspect of education that interest policy makers and educators.

Gay 1976, contends that descriptive survey approach enables one

to gather information on condition existing at a particular time.

This design, therefore, fitted well into this study since it

allowed the researcher investigate variable.

Respondents

The researchers only focus on the Senior High School learners of

Casiguran Technical Vocational School particularly the General

Academic Strand in S.Y. 2019-2020 The researchers came with 60 as

respondents having 30 students from Grade 11 and 12 and 30

20
teachers in the aspect of English language (English, Science,

Math, etc.) they were chosen to be the respondents of this study

since the study is all about the “Factors affecting the level of

students speaking skills in English. Through a survey the

researchers have access to the information needed in the study.

GRADE LEVEL NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

GRADE 11 15 25%
GRADE 12 15 25%
TEACHERS 30 50%
TOTAL: 60 100%

Data Gathering Procedures

1. The researchers will make a letter of permission to the

Practical Research II teacher and the school principal to conduct

the research.

2. The researchers will set a schedule for the data gathering

which will personally be done by giving a guide question to the

respondents.

3. Regarding the distribution of guide questions, the researchers

will explain the nature of study and how the questions will be

filled up.

4. The researchers will collect the checklist questionnaires.

Data Analysis Procedures

21
 The data collected were analyzed through the use of

descriptive statistics. The statistical tools employed are in a

form of percentage to get the proportion of a whole and T-test to

compere the set of data and the means and also to find out if the

two (2) sets of data are significantly different form each other.

Statistical Treatments

The statistical methods and techniques were used for better

interpretation of data that was gathered in the data gathering

procedures;

t-test – is a type of inferential statistic used to determine if

there is a significant difference between the mean of two groups,

which may be related in certain features. The t-test is one of

many tests used for the purpose of hypothesis testing in

statistics.

t=¿ ¿

df =N−1

The degrees for freedom then define the specific t-

distribution that’s used to calculate the p-values and t-values

for the t-test.

22
 Chapter IV

This chapter evaluated, analyzed and interpreted the data

gathered in the research study. The data are presented in the

succeeding tables with corresponding interpretation. This is also

a response to the given questions in the statement of the

Problem.

Table I. Factors affecting the students’ speaking skills in

English. (Based on SOP)

Factors Response Percentage

23
 Students Teachers Total

Shyness 7 10 17 28%

Poor listening skills 0 0 0 0%

Mother tongue use 2 3 5 8%

Fear of Mistakes 10 12 22 37%

Lack of Motivation 2 2 4 7%

Poor vocabulary & 9 3 12 20%

grammar

Total: 30 30 60 100%

Table I above details the Factors affecting the students’

speaking skills in English. As shown, 22 of the respondents

selected Fear of mistakes which got 37%, 17 selected shyness

which got 28%, 12 selected Poor vocabulary that have a percentage

of 20% and grammar meanwhile have a frequency of 5 selected

Mother tongue used that got 8%, 4 selected lack of motivation

that have a percentage of 7% and none of the respondents selected

poor listening skills.

Moreover, the given results depict that the factors

affecting the students’ level of speaking skills in English

includes Fear of mistakes and shyness which got a high percentage

24
among the others. This finding is related to the study of Aftat

2008, where fear of mistakes becomes one of the main factors of

students’ reluctance to speak in English in the classroom, this

fear is linked to the issue of correction and negative

evaluation. Shyness on the other hand is argued by Baldwin 2011

that speaking in front of people is one of the more common

phobias that students encounter and feeling of shyness makes

their mind go blank and forget what to say.

Table II. The level of students speaking skills as assess by

students and teachers.(Based on SOP and Questionnaire)

Level Response Percentage

Students Teachers Total

Advance 1 0 1 2%

Intermediate 16 15 31 52%

25
 Beginner 13 15 28 46%

Total: 30 30 60 100%

Table II reveals the level of students’ speaking skills

in English whether it is in the category of Beginner,

Intermediate and Advanced. 31 of the respondents selected

Intermediate that has 52%, 28 selected Beginner that has the 46%

while 1 selected that has the lowest percentage of 2%.

Therefore, the student’s level of speaking skills can be

categorized in the Intermediate category as this got the highest

total and percentage, this means that we are in the middle not

too excellent yet not too poor. This study is similar to the

study of Cobigon 2015, whereas English has always been one of the

country’s official language. Proficiency in the language is also

one of the Philippines’ strengths. However, Business Minor 2015,

showed the declining mastery of the English language by learners.

Table III. The significant difference between the factors

affecting the level of students’ speaking skills as assessed by

students and teachers. (Based on the SOP)

t=¿ ¿

df =N−1

26
 TABLES T value > Result
Critical value
I. Factors affecting 1.28 > 2.015 at Have a significant
the students’ 5% 5% difference
speaking skills in
English.
II. The level of O < 2.353 at 5% No significant
students speaking difference
skills as assess
by students and
teachers
IV. The Difficulties 0 < 2.930 at 5% No significant
encountered by the difference
students when
speaking in
English

Table III. shows the significant difference between the

teachers and the students’ perception regarding the factors

affecting the level of students’ speaking skills. The overall

computations using a T-test shows that in Table I there has been

a significant difference between the perspective of the teachers

and the students themselves regarding the learners speaking

skills. Meanwhile, Table II and IV in accordance to the given

result shows that there is no significant difference between the

notion of the teacher and students regarding the above-mentioned

topics which only means that the perspective of the teachers and

the students’ perception about their own speaking skills is the

same.

27
Table IV. The Difficulties encountered by the students when

speaking in English. (Based on the SOP)

Difficulties Response Percentage

Stude Teachers Total

nts

Mother tongue 2 3 5 8%
Interference

Mispronunciation of 3 3 6 10%
words

Lack of Words 18 10 28 47%

28
 (vocabulary)to express
their thoughts

Wrong use of tenses & 7 14 21 35%

grammar

Total: 30 30 60 100%

Table IV. shows the answer of the respondents regarding

the difficulties encountered by the students’ when speaking in

English. As shown above, 28 selected Lack of words (vocabulary)

to express their thoughts that has a percentage of 47%, 21

selected Wrong used of tenses and grammar that has a percentage

of 35% and 6 selected Mispronunciation of Words that has a

percentage of 10% and 5 selected Mother tongue interference that

got 8%.

Hence, the result implies that the difficulties

encountered by the students are the Lack of words to express

their thoughts, limited Vocabulary and also the wrong use of

tenses and grammar. This finding is the same as that of the study

of Tarone 2005 and Baker Westrup 2003 wherein they argue that

students sometimes face the problem of having to search for an

appropriate word in order to fit in a particular context,

learners have little idea about what to say, may not know the

words to say or may not be sure how to use the grammar.

29
Discussion

As what the researchers have observed in the following table

which shows the frequency distribution and percentage of the

respondents based on how they responds to the checklist, there

are different results in the data in terms of the Factors

affecting the students skills, students level of speaking skills

in English, difficulties encountered by the students when

speaking in English. In this data, the researchers gradually

observe if there is truly significant difference between the mean

of two groups. Based on the data gathered, in table I. shows the

Factors affecting the level of students’ speaking skills in

English Based on SOP and Questionnaire. 37% or 22 of the

respondents selected Fear of mistakes, 17 selected shyness with

28%, 20% or 12 of the respondents selected Poor vocabulary and

grammar meanwhile 8% or 5 respondents selected Mother tongue use,

4 selected lack of motivation which has 7% and none of the

respondents selected poor listening skills. Table II, reveals the

level of students’ speaking skills in English whether it is in

the category of Beginner, Intermediate and Advanced. 31 of the

respondents selected Intermediate which has 52%, 28 selected

Beginner which has 46% while 2% or 1 selected Advanced. Table

III, shows the significant difference between the teachers and

the students’ perception regarding the factors affecting the

30
level of students’ speaking skills. In table I, there has been a

significant difference between the perspective of the teachers

and the students, while in table II, and IV in accordance to the

given result shows that there is no significant difference

between the notion of the teacher and students. Lastly, table IV,

shows the answer of the respondents regarding the difficulties

encountered by the students’ when speaking in English and the

main difficulty encountered by the students’ based on the data,

Lack of word (Vocabulary) to express their thoughts, 28

respondents selected which has 47%.

Chapter V

Summary, Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions

and recommendations based on the data gathered.

Summary

This research is a study of the “Factors Affecting the Level

of Students Speaking Skills in English” wherein, it focused to

answer the following questions:

1. What are the factors affecting the students speaking skills?

2. What is the level of students speaking skills as asses by

students and teachers?

31
3. Is there a significant difference between the level of

speaking skills as asses by students and teachers?

4. What are the difficulties encounters by students along

speaking?

5. What action plan can be proposed?

Further, it targeted only 60 of the total population of the

Senior High School Students of GAS and teachers in Casiguran

Technical Vocational School to be respondents of this study. This

research no longer included the school principal and employees as

well as the non-teaching administration. It utilized the

descriptive statistics since the study focused to determine

whether there is a significant difference between the teachers

and students views on Factors Affecting the Level of Students

Speaking Skills in English. To further help to determine whether

there is a significant difference, this study utilized T-test and

degree of freedom as their statistical treatment.

Findings

Based on the data gathered, the following findings were

revealed that:

I. Along the factors affecting the students’ level of

speaking skills in English includes Fear of mistakes

32
 and shyness which got a high percentage among the

others.

II. Along the level of students speaking skills as asses by

students and teachers it is categorized in the

Intermediate category.

III. Along the significant difference between the factors

affecting the level of students’ speaking skills as

assessed by students and teachers table I there has

been a significant difference between the perspective

of the teachers and the students themselves, while,

table II and IV in accordance to the given result shows

that there is no significant difference between the

notion of the teacher and students.

IV. Along the difficulties encountered by the students is

the Lack of words, limited Vocabulary and also the

wrong use of tenses and grammar.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, the researchers conclude

that:

Fears of mistakes and Shyness affects much the speaking

skills of the students. Meanwhile, the level of speaking skills

of the students is Intermediate. Furthermore, there has been a

significant difference regarding the factors affecting the

33
students’ speaking skills in English as assessed by the teachers

and students while there are no significant differences

concerning the level of students speaking skills as assess by

students and teachers. In addition, lack of words or limited

vocabulary to express their thoughts were the main difficulties

encountered by the students when speaking in English.

Recommendations

Recommendations have been made for future practice in schools,

and future research that will ultimately improve schools.

Furthermore, recommendations in applying current findings are

presented in order to improve student performance.

1. Strategies of teachers to overcome students speaking

difficulties be given more emphasis.

2. Communicative tasks should be included in order to provide

students with frequent opportunities of speaking. Those tasks

should focus on getting students to convey the meaning rather

than the form.

34
3. Teachers should promote interactive techniques while teaching

English also for the enhancement of speaking skills teacher

should cultivate English Communication Culture within the

school.

4. Both teachers and students should be made aware of the process

of English language learning at school and thereby plan the

learning activities accordingly to facilitate learning.

5. The school can create an English conversation club wherein

they could share and talk in English during that time, in this

club they can learn together and can correct each other

without judgments and getting embarrassed.

6. Action plan be implemented to improve the English conversation

of skills of the students further the research be conducted

along the following topics;

a.

b.

c.

35
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37
 https://www.britishcouncil.ph/teach/state-english-
philippines-should-we-be-concerned-2

APPENDICES
Letter of Permission

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
CASIGURAN TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Casiguran, Sorsogon

February 09, 2020

AMADEO O. LAGUDA
School Principal II
Casiguran Technical Vocational School
Adovis, Casiguran, Sorsogon

Sir,
Greetings!
We, the Grade 12 GAS - B students are currently conducting
research study entitled “Factors Affecting the Level of Students
Speaking Competence in English”.

38
In this regards we are asking permission from your office to
conduct a survey on February 10 – 14, 2020, with 85 from this
institution who will serve as the respondents in the
abovementioned research. Rest assured that the data gathered will
be handled confidentially.
We are hoping for your consideration for the said matter.
Thank you and God bless.

Respectfully yours,
The Researchers

Noted: Approved:

ANTONIO J. BUNGCAG JR. JOEL M. JAO

Research Adviser ASP II (SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL)

DR. JOSEPH F. GUAB AMADEO O. LAGUDA

Master Teacher II School Principal II
Documentation

39
40
Data/Information Gathered

Respondents (Frequency) Percentage

Students Teachers
1.

Talking with Friends 10 10 33%

During Class Recitations 15 11 44%
Speak for Enjoyment 0 0 0%
Related to Aspect of Eng. 5 9 23%

Subjects (Eng. Sci. Math)

2.

Always 13 2 8%
Sometimes 27 28 92%
Never 0 0 0%
3.

Excellent 2 1 5%
Satisfactory 10 12 37%
Good 17 16 55%
Poor 1 1 3%
4.

Mothertongue Interference 2 3 8%
Mispronunciation of words 3 3 10%
Lack of Words (vocabulary) 18 10 47%
Wrong use of tenses & 7 14 35%

grammar
5.

Shyness 7 10 28%
Poor listening skills 0 0 0%
Mother tongue use 2 3 8%
Fear of Mistakes 10 12 37%
Lack of Motivation 2 2 7%
Poor vocabulary & grammar 9 3 20%
6.

Advance 1 0 2%
Intermediate 16 15 52%
Beginner 13 15 46%

41
 Survey Questionnaires

A. For Teachers

Name:___________________________
1. On what instances do your students use English language?
 Talking w/ friends
 During class recitation/ activities
 Speak for enjoyment
 Related to aspect of Eng. Subject (Sci., Eng., and Math)
2. How often do your students use English inside the classroom?
 Always
 Sometimes
 Never
3. How well do your students speak English?
 Excellent
 Good
 Satisfactory
 Poor

42
 4. What are the difficulties your students encounter when
speaking in English?
 Mother tongue interference
 Mispronunciation of word
 Lack of word (Vocabulary)
 Wrong use of tenses and grammar
5. What are the factors affecting the level of your students
speaking skills in English? (Select atleast 3)
 Shyness
 Poor listening skills
 Mother tongue use
 Fear of mistakes
 Lack of motivation
 Poor vocabulary and grammar
6. Determine your students’ level of speaking skills in
English.

 Beginner
Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and
very basic phrase.
 Intermediate
Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both
concrete and abstract topics. Can interact w/ degree of
fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction.
 Advance
Can understand a wide range of demanding longer text and
recognize implicit meaning. Can use language flexibly and
effectively for social academic purposes.

B. For Students

1. When do you use English language for?

 Talking w/ friends
 During class recitation/ activities
 Speak for enjoyment
 Related to aspect of Eng. Subject (Sci., Eng., and Math)
2. How often do you use English inside the classroom?
 Always

43
  Sometimes
 Never
3. How well do you speak English?
 Excellent
 Good
 Satisfactory
 Poor
4. What are the difficulties you encounter when speaking in
English?
 Mother tongue interference
 Mispronunciation of word
 Lack of word (Vocabulary)
 Wrong use of tenses and grammar
5. What are the factors affecting the level of your speaking
skills in English? (Select atleast 3)

 Shyness
 Poor listening skills
 Mother tongue use
 Fear of mistakes
 Lack of motivation
 Poor vocabulary and grammar
6. Determine your level of speaking skills in English.
 Beginner
Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and
very basic phrase.
 Intermediate
Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both
concrete and abstract topics. Can interact w/ degree of
fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction.
 Advance
Can understand a wide range of demanding longer text and
recognize implicit meaning. Can use language flexibly and
effectively for social academic purposes.

44
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Jhon Dave Sepulvida Surbano

Address: Escuala, Casiguran, Sorsogon
Birth Date: January 12, 2002
Birth Place: Casiguran, Sorsogon
Civil Status: Single
Parents: Tirso Surbano
Nenita Surbano

Educational Background
Primary: Escuala Elementary School
Junior High School: San Juan National High School
Senior High School: Casiguran Technical Vocational School

45
Name: Karen B. Hagupit
Address: Colambis, Casiguran, Sorsogon
Birthdate: July 30, 2001
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
Parents: Edwin Hagupit
Meliza Hagupit

Educational Background
Primary: Colambis Elementary School
Junior High School: Casiguran Technical Vocational School
Senior High School: Casiguran Technical Vocational School
Name: Erwin B. Finez
Address: Tulay, Casiguran, Sorsogon
Birthday: August 23, 2001
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
Parents: Edna B. Finez
Ernesto O. Finez

Educational Background
Primary: Casiguran Central School
Junior High School: Casiguran Technical Vocational School
Senior High School: Casiguran Technical Vocational School

46
Name: Joyce H. Jeselva
Address: Tulay, Casiguran, Sorsogon
Birthday: November 18, 2001
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
Parents: Ma. Corazon H. Jeselva
Jomar B. Jeselva

Educational Background
Primary: Casiguran Central School
Junior High School: Casiguran Technical Vocational School
Senior High School: Casiguran Technical Vocational School

47