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Problem Set 2

This document contains a 10-question problem set covering topics in gases, liquids, solids, and semiconductors. The questions involve calculations of amounts of substances needed to inflate an air bag, determining sample compositions and formulas, explaining observations about surface tensions and phase changes, ordering substances by volatility, calculating densities from crystal structures, and effects of doping on semiconductor bonds.

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Andrew John Cellona
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121 views2 pages

Problem Set 2

This document contains a 10-question problem set covering topics in gases, liquids, solids, and semiconductors. The questions involve calculations of amounts of substances needed to inflate an air bag, determining sample compositions and formulas, explaining observations about surface tensions and phase changes, ordering substances by volatility, calculating densities from crystal structures, and effects of doping on semiconductor bonds.

Uploaded by

Andrew John Cellona
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHM012

PROBLEM SET 2 (Topics: Gases; Liquids and Solids)

1)  The  safety  air  bags  in  automobiles  are  inflated  by  nitrogen  gas  generated  by  the  
rapid  decomposition  of  sodium  azide  (NaN3):            
2NaN3(s)  à  2Na(s)      +    3N2  (g)  
If  an  air  bag  has  a  volume  of  36L  and  is  to  be  filled  with  nitrogen  gas  at  a  pressure  of  
1.15  atm  at  a  temperature  of  26.0oC,  how  many  grams  of  NaN3  must  be  decomposed?  
 
2)  A  1.42-­g  sample  of  helium  and  an  unknown  mass  of  O2  are  mixed  in  a  flask  at  room  
temperature.  The  partial  pressure  of  the  helium  is  42.5  torr,  and  that  of  the  oxygen  is  
158  torr.  What  is  the  mass  of  the  oxygen?  
 
3)  An  herbicide  is  found  to  contain  only  C,  H,  N,  and  Cl.  The  complete  combustion  of  
a  100.0-­mg  sample  of  the  herbicide  in  excess  oxygen  produces  83.16  mL  of  CO2  and  
73.30   mL   of   H2O   vapor   at   STP.   A   separate   analysis   shows   that   the   sample   also  
contains  16.44  mg  of  Cl.  (a)  Determine  the  percent  composition  of  the  substance.  (b)  
Calculate  its  empirical  formula.  (c)  What  other  information  would  you  need  to  know  
about  this  compound  to  calculate  its  true  molecular  formula?  
 
4)  Explain  the  following  observations:  (a)  The  surface  tension  of  CHBr3  is  greater  than  
that  of  CHCl3.  (b)  As  temperature  increases,  oil  flows  faster  through  a  narrow  tube.  (c)  
Raindrops  that  collect  on  a  waxed  automobile  hood  take  on  a  nearly  spherical  shape.  
(d)  Oil  droplets  that  collect  on  a  waxed  automobile  hood  take  on  a  flat  shape.  
 
5)  The  boiling  points,  surface  tensions,  and  viscosities  of  water  and  several  alcohols  
are  as  follows:  

 
 
(a)   For   ethanol,   propanol,   and   n-­butanol   the   boiling   points,   surface   tensions,   and  
viscosities  all  increase.  What  is  the  reason  for  this  increase?  (b)  How  do  you  explain  
the  fact  that  propanol  and  ethylene  glycol  have  similar  molecular  weights  (60  versus  
62   amu),   yet   the   viscosity   of   ethylene   glycol   is   more   than   10   times   larger   than  
propanol?  (c)  How  do  you  explain  the  fact  that  water  has  the  highest  surface  tension  
but  the  lowest  viscosity?  
 
6)  Name  the  phase  transition  in  each  of  the  following  situations  and  indicate  whether  
it  is  exothermic  or  endothermic:  (a)When  ice  is  heated,  it  turns  to  water.  (b)Wet  clothes  
dry  on  a  warm  summer  day.  (c)  Frost  appears  on  a  window  on  a  cold  winter  day.  (d)  
Droplets  of  water  appear  on  a  cold  glass  of  beer.  
 
7)   (a)   Place   the   following   substances   in   order   of   increasing   volatility:   CH4,   CBr4,  
CH2Cl2,  CH3Cl,  CHBr3,  and  CH2Br2.  Explain.  (b)  How  do  the  boiling  points  vary  through  
this  series?  
 
8)   Iridium   crystallizes   in   a   face-­centered   cubic   unit   cell   that   has   an   edge   length   of  
3.833Å.  (a)  Calculate  the  atomic  radius  of  an  iridium  atom.  (b)  Calculate  the  density  of  
iridium  metal.  
 
9)   Germanium   has   the   same   structure   as   silicon,   but   the   unit   cell   size   is   different  
because  Ge  and  Si  atoms  are  not  the  same  size.  If  you  were  to  repeat  the  experiment  
described  in  the  previous  problem  but  replace  the  Si  crystal  with  a  Ge  crystal,  would  
you  expect  the  X-­rays  to  be  diffracted  at  a  larger  or  smaller  angle,  θ?  
 
10)  The  valence  band  of  a  semiconductor  is  made  up  of  bonding  molecular  orbitals  
and  the  conduction  band  of  antibonding  molecular  orbitals.  (a)  Given  this  fact  would  
you  expect  n-­type  doping  to  strengthen  or  weaken  the  bonds  in  a  semiconductor?  (b)  
Would   you   expect   p-­type   doping   to   strengthen   or   weaken   the   bonds   in   a  
semiconductor?  

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