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IoT Intro-ITU

This document provides an introduction and overview of the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses the history and evolution of IoT from early telemetry systems in the 1900s to the growth of wireless technologies and ubiquitous connectivity enabling modern IoT applications. Key definitions are presented, including the ITU's definition of IoT as a global infrastructure connecting physical and virtual "things" through communication technologies. Fundamental IoT characteristics like interconnectivity, heterogeneity, and dynamic changes in devices are described. Predictions about the enormous scale of IoT and shift to device-triggered communication are presented. An overview of sensor nodes, network connectivity options, and example application areas is also provided.

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124 views46 pages

IoT Intro-ITU

This document provides an introduction and overview of the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses the history and evolution of IoT from early telemetry systems in the 1900s to the growth of wireless technologies and ubiquitous connectivity enabling modern IoT applications. Key definitions are presented, including the ITU's definition of IoT as a global infrastructure connecting physical and virtual "things" through communication technologies. Fundamental IoT characteristics like interconnectivity, heterogeneity, and dynamic changes in devices are described. Predictions about the enormous scale of IoT and shift to device-triggered communication are presented. An overview of sensor nodes, network connectivity options, and example application areas is also provided.

Uploaded by

Bee MU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Intro to Internet of Things

ITU ASP COE TRAINING ON


“Developing the ICT ecosystem to harness IoTs”

Marco Zennaro, PhD


13-15 December 2016
Bangkok, Thailand
Vision
History of IoT
• The first telemetry system was rolled out in Chicago way
back in 1912. It is said to have used telephone lines to
monitor data from power plants.
• Telemetry expanded to weather monitoring in the 1930s,
when a device known as a radiosonde became widely used
to monitor weather conditions from balloons.
• In 1957 the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, and with it the
Space Race. This has been the entry of aerospace
telemetry that created the basis of our global satellite
communications today.
History of IoT
• Broad adoption of M2M technology began in the 1980s
with wired connections for SCADA (supervisory control and
data acquisition) on the factory floor and in home and
business security systems.
• In the 1990s, M2M began moving toward wireless
technologies. ADEMCO built their own private radio
network to address intrusion and smoke detection because
budding cellular connectivity was too expensive.
• In 1995, Siemens introduced the first cellular module built
for M2M.
History of IoT
• A second large wave of adoption and
development of cellular M2M solutions became
necessary when the Federal Communications
Commission mandated a shutdown of analog
networks in favor of the more spectrum-efficient
digital network technology.
• 75% of M2M and industrial IoT applications use
less than one megabyte per month of data.
History of IoT
Why IoT now?

• Ubiquitous Connectivity
• Widespread Adoption of IP
• Computing Economics
• Miniaturization
• Advances in Data Analytics
• Rise of Cloud Computing
Rpi zero: $5
IoT Definition
ITU Definition
• Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060 provides an
overview of the Internet of Things (IoT). It
clarifies the concept and scope of the IoT,
identifies the fundamental characteristics and
high-level requirements of the IoT and
describes the IoT reference model.
• Date: 2012-06-15
ITU Definition
The IoT can be viewed as a global infrastructure
for the information society, enabling advanced
services by interconnecting (physical and
virtual) things based on existing and evolving
interoperable information and communication
technologies (ICT).

Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060


Things
Things are objects of the physical world (physical
things) or of the information world (virtual
world) which are capable of being identified and
integrated into communication networks. Things
have associated information, which can be static
and dynamic.

Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060


Things
• Physical things exist in the physical world and are
capable of being sensed, actuated and
connected. Examples of physical things include
the surrounding environment, industrial robots,
goods and electrical equipment.
• Virtual things exist in the information world and
are capable of being stored, processed and
accessed. Examples of virtual things include
multimedia content and application software.
Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060
ITU Definition

Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060


Any-Time/Place/Thing

Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060


ITU Definition
A device is a piece of equipment with the
mandatory capabilities of communication and
optional capabilities of sensing, actuation, data
capture, data storage and data processing. The
devices collect various kinds of information and
provide it to the information and communication
networks for further processing.
Some devices also execute operations based on
information received from the information and
communication networks.
Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060
Fundamental characteristics
• Interconnectivity: With regard to the IoT, anything can be
interconnected with the global information and
communication infrastructure.
• Heterogeneity: The devices in the IoT are heterogeneous as
based on different hardware platforms and networks. They
can interact with other devices or service platforms
through different networks.
• Dynamic changes: The state of devices change dynamically,
e.g., sleeping and waking up, connected and/or
disconnected as well as the context of devices including
location and speed. Moreover, the number of devices can
change dynamically.
Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060
Fundamental characteristics
• Enormous scale: The number of devices that
need to be managed and that communicate
with each other will be at least an order of
magnitude larger than the devices connected
to the current Internet. The ratio of
communication triggered by devices as
compared to communication triggered by
humans will noticeably shift towards device-
triggered communication.
Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060
Predictions

Source: Cisco IBSG, April 2011


Predictions
Predictions

Source: http://www.postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic/
Internet of Fewer Things

http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/internet/the-internet-of-fewer-things
Internet of Fewer Things

http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/internet/the-internet-of-fewer-things
Predictions
2011
2016
Interest: Google Trends
Interest: #iot on Twitter
Sensor Nodes
• Main components of a WSN node
• Controller
• Communication device(s)
• Sensors/actuators
• Memory
• Power supply
Sensor Nodes
Memory

Communication Sensor(s)/
Controller
device actuator(s)

Power supply
Sensor Nodes
Memory

Communication Sensor(s)/
Controller
device actuator(s)

Power supply
Network Connectivity
Key aspects when considering network connectivity:
• Range - are you deploying to a single office floor or
an entire city?
• Data Rate - how much bandwidth do you require?
How often does your data change?
• Power - is your sensor running on mains or battery?
• Frequency - have you considered channel blocking
and signal interference?
• Security - will your sensors be supporting mission
critical applications?
Network Connectivity

Source: http://www.postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic/
Connectivity Landscape
Sensors

Source: http://www.postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic/
Sensors
Applications
Predictions
Predictions
Predictions
Applications
Predictions
IoT Landscape
Thank You

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