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    Glossary of Chess Terminology

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    Makeda Young
    The document defines various chess tactics and terminology, including blockade, check, discovered attack, deflection, pinning, sacrifice, and stalemate. It provides examples to illustrate each term using standard chess notation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Glossary of Chess Terminology

    Uploaded by

    Makeda Young
    496 views5 pages
    The document defines various chess tactics and terminology, including blockade, check, discovered attack, deflection, pinning, sacrifice, and stalemate. It provides examples to illustrate each term using standard chess notation.

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    Glossary of chess terminology

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    The document defines various chess tactics and terminology, including blockade, check, discovered attack, deflection, pinning, sacrifice, and stalemate. It provides examples to illustrate each term using standard chess notation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    496 views5 pages

    Glossary of Chess Terminology

    Uploaded by

    Makeda Young
    The document defines various chess tactics and terminology, including blockade, check, discovered attack, deflection, pinning, sacrifice, and stalemate. It provides examples to illustrate each term using standard chess notation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Glossary of chess terminology

    Blockade is a tactical method. With this special


    type of decoy the player forces his/her opponent
    to block the way of another, more important
    piece (often the king) of their own, which then
    becomes an object of attack. 

    1...Kg8-h8 2.Ne5-f7+ Kh8-g8 3.Nf7-h6++ Kg8-h8


    4.Qd5-g8+! Re8xg8 5.Nh6-f7#
    Breaking the shelter of the king can be realized
    by sacrifices. Starting point for combinations like
    this are weaknesses caused by the pushing of the
    pawns on the wing the opponent has castled to.
    Another reason could be a disadvantage in the
    development of the opponent's pieces and a lack
    of space. 

    1.Rh4xh7+ Kh8xh7 2.Qf7-h5#

    Catching of a piece is a tactical method which


    aims at limiting the moving possibilities of a piece
    of the opponent. This piece will be finally lost. 

    1...Ne7-g6!

    Chasing: attacking a piece of the opponent


    continuously which cannot escape from these
    attacks and has to move to a bad place. This
    method leads to a draw in the end. Most
    frequently the result of persecution is a perpetual
    check (the king is object of persecution). 

    1.Qg6-f5 Bh5-g4 2.Qf5-g6 Bg4-h5 =

    Check is the direct attack of the opponent's king


    by one of the player's pieces.

    Chess combination: a sacrifice and forced


    sequence of moves to gain a certain advantage.
    Decoy is a tactical method which is used to force a
    piece of the opponent to move to an unfavourable
    square. Once occupying this square, this piece
    will soon be lost or it disturbs the coordination of
    other pieces so that one of those will be
    conquered by the player. 

    1.Rg4-g8+ Kf8xg8 2.Qf6-g7#

    Deflection: is a tactical method used to distract a


    piece of the opponent from the defence of an
    important square, file or the protection of
    another piece. 

    1.Rh4-h8+ Kg8xh8 2.Qd5xf7

    Discovered attack: by moving away a certain


    piece the player opens the way for another piece
    which immediately gets attacking possibilities.

    1.Bd5xf7+ Kg8xf7 2.Rd4xd8

    Double attack: simultaneous attack of two pieces


    of the opponent by a pawn or any other piece.

    Elimination of a defending piece is a tactical


    method which liquidates defending pieces of the
    opponent. The piece in question can be cleared
    away by means of exchange or sacrifice. 

    1.Rf4xf8+ Kg8xf8 2.Qg4xd7

    Interception: the aim of this tactical method


    consists in disturbing the coordination of the
    pieces of the opponent standing in the same file or
    to prevent that the opponent's pieces reach
    important squares. 

    1.Nd5-e7 Bd6-e7 2.Qg6xg7#


    Intermediate move is a move of the player which
    was not considered by the opponent in calculating
    his/her variation or combination. Intermediate
    move can disturb our calculations, change plans
    or cause the failure of combinations. 

    1.e5-e6 Qc7xf4 2.e6xd7+ Ke8xd7 Ng6xf4

    Mate: a piece of the player checks the opponent's


    king against which no defence is possible. To
    mate the opponent is the aim of every chess game.

    Open file: an open file is a vertical line in which


    no pawn is left (neither own nor opponent's).
    Opening of a file: sometimes an own piece blocks
    a certain file or diagonal and thereby disturbs the
    efficiency of another piece in this file (diagonal).
    The aim of this tactical method consists in moving
    away this piece to open the file (diagonal) for the
    other piece. As a result the player may win an
    important square, shift a piece to a more active
    position or prepare a threat.
    Overloading: a piece is overloaded when it has to
    protect two or more other pieces, squares or
    threats at the same time. In situations like this
    opportunities often arise to benefit from the
    overloading by distracting the piece from one or
    several of its protecting tasks. 

    1.Nd6-f5 Qe7xc5 2.Rd4xd8#


    Passed pawn:is a free running pawn. The
    opponent has no pawn on the same or the
    adjoining files. A passed pawn is usually a big
    advantage because of its capacity - in certain
    cases - to limit the moving possibilities of the
    opponent's pieces and to be the topic of a
    combination. 

    1...Qe4xe1+ 2.Qd1xe1 d3-d2 3.Qe1-e2(d1) Rc5-


    c1+
    Pawn breakthrough: one or several pawns are
    sacrificed in order to create a passed pawn which
    cannot be stopped from conversion. 

    (Die Könige seien so weit entfernt, daß sie nicht in


    den kampf eingreifen können)
    1.g5-g6! f7xg6 (oder 1...h7xg6 2.f5-f6! g7xf6 3.h5-
    h6) 2.h5-h6! g7xh6 3.f5-f6
    Perpetual check: the king of the opponent is
    exposed to a sequence of checks from which he
    cannot hide. Usually this method is used by a
    player with worse position in order not to loose
    the game. Perpetual check is the most frequent
    type of the chasing. 

    1.Kg1-h2 Qe1-h4+ 2.Kh2-g1 Qh4-e1+

    Pinning: a piece or pawn is pinned when it cannot


    move away because a more valuable piece then
    would be lost, a key square would be attacked
    (unechte? pin) or the king would be standing in
    the check (echte? pin).

    Play for stalemate: a player, usually with worse


    position, plays for a stalemate by sacrificing
    his/her last pieces in order to reach a stalemate
    position. 

    1...Rf5-g5! 2.Rg4xg5 stalemate

    Sacrifice: material is voluntarily given up to the


    opponent in order to obtain other kinds of
    advantages, e.g. attack, open king etc.
    Space clearance: similar to the opening of a file
    this method is used when an own piece occupies a
    square urgently needed by another piece. The
    piece disturbing should be moved away,
    preferably without losing time. This means that
    the piece checks the opponent, attacks a piece of
    the opponent or is even sacrificed. In this way the
    opponent hasn't got the time to take any steps of
    defence. 
    1.Rg7-h7+ Kh8xh7 3.Qg5-g7#

    Stalemate: the player to move has no legal moves


    with his/her pieces and pawns and his/her king is
    not checked.

    Weakness of the back rank: very often the


    insufficient protection of the first (last) rank by
    heavy pieces or the missing of a square of escape
    give an opportunity for combinations, resulting in
    material disadvantage or mate. 

    1...Re4xe2 2.Re1xe2 Rd5-d1#

    X-ray: bishop, rook or queen are attacking


    pieces, pawns or squares of the opponent on the
    long file or diagonal while they (file, diagonal) are
    still closed by own or opponent's pieces. 

    1.Qf4-f8+ Re8xf8 2.Rd8xf8#

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