Republic of the Philippines

Aklan State University

Banga, Aklan

Laboratory Activities
in Organic Chemistry
VOLUME 1

Prepared by:
Hine Marae Palma-Arboleda

Personal Property of _____________________________________________

Course/Year/Section _____________________________________________
School/College ____________________________________________
In-case this book is lost & found, please contact this no. _________________
In-case of Emergency, contact Mr./Mrs___________________________________
Contact No. _________________________________________________________
 2

No part of this module may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author/s.
This module is distributed for the students of Aklan State University intended for academic purposes only
 The laboratory is a “discovery” based experience. It will sometimes introduce you to
new concepts and other time will expand on some of the concepts first developed in class.
The laboratory will also introduce you to some of the research techniques that produce the data
we will discuss in class. You should consider the class and laboratory as two slightly different but
equally important views of the area of science we call chemistry.

RULES FOR WORKING IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

There are two important concerns to considered when conducting an experiment in a
organic chemistry laboratory.
First is safety. General guidelines for safety are discussed below.
The second is efficiency in the laboratory work. Although the latter very much depends on
the individuals doing the experiments, there are general rules students are advised to follow:
1. keep the tables and shelves clean and well-organized
2. avoid contaminating the chemicals; use only clean glassware and spatulas; label glassware in
use,
3. read, understand, and plan your experiments before starting to carry them out, 4. pay
attention to others in the laboratory.

SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY

When working in an organic chemistry laboratory, you must always be aware that the
chemicals used are potentially toxic, irritating and flammable. Such chemicals are hazards, however,
only when they are mishandled. When you come for a laboratory experiment, you must have a
complete understanding of the laboratory procedures to carry out and be familiar with both the
physical and chemical properties of chemicals and reagents to be used. Since the carelessness on the
part of one student can often cause injury to other students, one must have a special concern for the
safety of classmates. You must be familiar with general safety practices, facilities and emergency
action.

General Safety Rules:

1. SAFETY FIRST - USE COMMON SENSE to avoid accidents.

2. Do not work alone in the laboratory. No student is allowed to work in a laboratory unless Lab
Supervisory Personnel (Assistant) are present.
3. Any student who endangers others' safety, or his or her own, will be dismissed from the
laboratory.
4. All students must WEAR SAFETY GLASSES (GOGGLES) AT ALL TIMES. Normal prescription lenses
are accepted! Violations will not be tolerated and repeated violation will result in failure of the 3
lab and the course.
5. Shoes (no sandals) must be worn at all times. Bare feet or open shoes (front or back) are not
permitted in the laboratory.
No part of this module may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author/s.
This module is distributed for the students of Aklan State University intended for academic purposes only
6. All students must wear laboratory gowns/coats at all times.
7. Eating, drinking and smoking in the laboratory are strictly prohibited.
8. Become familiar with the location and the use of standard safety features in the laboratory. The
laboratory is equipped with fire extinguishers, eye washes, safety showers, fume hoods and first-
aid kits. Any question regarding the use of these facilities should be addressed to your
professor/instructor.
9. When lab work is completed, all materials must be returned to their proper places and used
instruments and glassware must be cleaned up.
10. Before leaving the laboratory, electrical equipment should be turned off, and gas burners
extinguished. No tap water should be left running.
11. Any student who has, or who develops a medical condition (epilepsy, asthma, allergies, diabetes,
etc.) should immediately notify the lab professor/instructor.
12. When a fire alarm should occur, place the chemical and equipment safely to the nearest possible
table/bench, exit the building calmly and go to the designated area outside. The
instructor/technician should be the last one to leave the room, and should close and lock the
door. Remain together as a class. The professor/instructor will check to be certain that all
students have exited the building. Do not wonder away and stay together. When the "all clear"
signal is received, return to the classroom.

Rules to follow in the case of accidents and injuries

1. Chemical splatters into the eye. First the eyelid should be opened by using the thumb and the
pointing finger. Then, by using the eye wash kit, the eye should be rinsed with large amounts of
water. When an acid or alkaline solution gets into eye, the eye should be rinsed with 1 % NaHCO 3
or 1 % boric acid, respectively. The victim should be taken to the doctor as soon as possible.
2. Burning. The burned spot on the skin should not be treated with water; rather, a special bandage
should be used. See doctor if necessary.
3. Poisoning. Prompt medical treatment should be obtained.

All injuries and accidents must be reported to the professor/instructor.

Students who are found in violation of the safety rules will be given a warning for the first
offense, will be dismissed from the lab room for the second offense, and will be given a failing grade
in the laboratory for the third offense. If a violation is observed at a particular lab table (such as
spilled liquid - water or hydrochloric acid, etc.), and those working at that lab table deny
responsibility, all students working at that table will be considered to be in violation of the safety
rules. Please sign the accompanying sheet (Safety Certification) after you have read through the
safety rules and regulations. Please ask your professor/instructor if any of the items need 4
clarification.

No part of this module may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author/s.
This module is distributed for the students of Aklan State University intended for academic purposes only
Laboratory Period

VIRTUAL LABORATORY:
Laboratory experiments will be demonstrated by your course professor via live
streaming, video call, or recorded video. These activities will be scheduled and announced
ahead to give you time and opportunity to prepare. Laboratory worksheets can be downloaded
from the FB group page assigned to your class prior the scheduled experimental activity.
Laboratory results/report must be sent in your professor's email address reflected on your course
outline or via FB messenger. Your answers should be hand written using blue ink pen. For
students on modular learning, you will be given time to view the video on the FB Group page.
You can submit your laboratory report online or in our office through your guardians.

BEFORE THE LABORATORY PERIOD

To facilitate completion of the experiment, assure your success, and optimize laboratory
safety, read the assigned experiment before the laboratory period to familiarize yourself with the
techniques, experimental procedure, and theory of the experiment.
O Secure, fill-up borrower’s slip, and request for the necessary apparatus and chemicals for
the specific experiment a day before the scheduled activity.
O You are expected to prepare all necessary apparatus, equipment, and reagents
depending on the schedule that you will be assigned.

DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD

As you work in the lab, it is important that you understand what you are doing and why you
are doing it. In a laboratory experiment, each ingredient is important, the amount used is significant,
and the order of each step is critical. As you are completing your pre-lab write-up and conducting the
experiment, think about each step and why it is important to the success of the experiment.
O Follow all the safety rules and regulations.
O Enter the date in your laboratory manual. If data is collected during more than one
laboratory period, include the exact dates of collection.
O Actual experimental procedures (exactly what you did), data (weights, volumes, physical
constants, and yield), and observations are to be recorded directly in the laboratory
notebook in BLUE permanent ink as you work in the lab. Avoid erasures but if you make
a mistake, cross out the error with a single line.
O Since you are working with a team of peers, any data obtained from your team members
should be recorded and shared. But for the explanation part, it must be in your own
understanding and own statement.
O Before accepting borrowed apparatus, inspect carefully each equipment or glassware. 5
Once issued, the Laboratory Assistant will consider all broken equipment as the
responsibility of the student.

No part of this module may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author/s.
This module is distributed for the students of Aklan State University intended for academic purposes only
BEFORE LEAVING THE LAB
O Make sure you clean up your lab bench and return all equipment and reagents to their
proper places.
O Make sure electronic and heating devices, and all other pieces of equipment are turned off.
O Make sure that all water is turned off.
O Upon the return of the apparatus, the form will be given back to you. If there are some
apparatuses not accounted for, the form will remain in file.
O Your instructor may require that your laboratory notebook and laboratory report be initialed
before you leave the laboratory.

No part of this module may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author/s.
This module is distributed for the students of Aklan State University intended for academic purposes only
 Experiment No. 1
LABORATORY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: Spot the Hazards

No part of this module may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author/s.
This module is distributed for the students of Aklan State University intended for academic purposes only
 Experiment No. 1
LABORATORY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: Spot the Hazards

Name:_____________________________________ Rating:____________
Group No. ____________ Date:_______________

Objective/s:
____________________________________________________________________
Questions:

1. List 3 unsafe activities shown in the illustration and explain why each is unsafe.
a.
b.
c.
2. List 3 correct lab procedures depicted in the illustration.
a.
b.
c.
3. What should Bob do after the accident?

4. What should Sue have done to avoid an accident?

5. Compare Luke and Duke's lab techniques. Who is following the rules?

6. What are three things shown in the lab that should not be there?
a.
b.
c.
7. Compare Joe and Carl's lab techiques. Who is doing it the correct way?

8. What will happen to Ray and Tim when the teacher catches them?

9. List three items in the illustration that are there for the safety of the students in the lab.
a.
b.
c. 8
10. What is Betty doing wrong?

No part of this module may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author/s.
This module is distributed for the students of Aklan State University intended for academic purposes only
 Experiment No. 2
LABORATORY SIGNS AND SYMBOLS

Chemistry is an experimental science. A laboratory is a potential minefield of danger.

Labs may contain hazardous materials, such as toxic chemicals or carcinogens, as well as
burners, glass and sharp objects that range from dissection knives to needles. Because of
this, all labs are required to post safety symbols to warn of danger and point the way to
safety devices, such as the eye-wash station and fire extinguishers. It is very essential to
know and understand each and every laboratory symbols and meanings so as to ensure
safety and protection – saves lives.
As a result of development in science and technology, many newer types of hazards
could be seen and felt in modern laboratories. These modern hazard signs warn against
those hazards that might be present in laboratories or even in work spaces due to such
components as lazer, radiation, chemical weapons or bio hazards. These modern hazard
laboratory safety symbols are often regulated by law and directed by standards
organizations. Therefore, they may appear with different colors, backgrounds, borders and
additional information so as to signify the type of hazard but the basic sign is always in the
center of focus and easily recognizable.

I. Identify what the symbols represents.

1. ____________________ 7. ____________________

2. ____________________ 8. ____________________

3. ____________________
9. ____________________

4. ____________________

10. ____________________

5. ____________________

11. ____________________
6. ____________________ 9

12. ____________________
No part of this module may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author/s.
This module is distributed for the students of Aklan State University intended for academic purposes only
 22. ____________________
13. ____________________

14. ____________________
23. ____________________

15. ____________________ 24. ____________________

25. ____________________
16. ____________________

26. ____________________
17. ____________________

27. ____________________
18. ____________________

19. ____________________ 28. ____________________

20. ____________________ 29. ____________________

21. ____________________ 30. ____________________

Question:
What is/are the significance/importance of knowing and understanding chemical 10
symbols?

__________________________________________________________________________
No part of this module may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author/s.
This module is distributed for the students of Aklan State University intended for academic purposes only
 Experiment No. 3

LABORATORY APPARATUS and EQUIPMENT

The most common laboratory equipment are made of glass, therefore are extremely fragile and
breakable. The glass is important because it allows chemists to easily see what is going on inside them,
so they should be handled with care. The glass equipment such as Bunsen burners, test tubes, and
breakers are exposed to extreme heat and different experiments, making them more prone to breakage.

Laboratory apparatus play an important role in science and education therefore should not be
treated as toys. They are commonly found in school laboratories to provide students with basic
chemistry education and experience, and today are one of the largest markets for laboratory equipment.
They are also used in research laboratories although these feature more advanced and high end types of
equipment. Each piece of equipment has a standard mode of operation which should be strictly
followed, especially if you are a first-time user.

Many lab apparatus/equipments are designed to study and analyze samples from a variety of
sources. This sample could be organic or inorganic, vegetable or mineral. Knowing which
apparatus/equipment is for which kind of sample and what the apparatus/equipment is supposed to do
is good for avoiding trouble. Placing the wrong kind of substance inside a apparatus/equipments can, at
best, cause the test results to be gibberish and, at worst, cause damage to the apparatus/equipments by
exposing it to something it wasn't designed to withstand. For example, if a plastic container is not rated
to handle acidic compounds, it is important to know this before trying to pour hydrochloric acid or a
similar liquid into it.

Identify ALL the apparatus utilize in chemistry laboratory and give its uses/functions in
laboratory experiment.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________ 11
______________________________________________________________________________

No part of this module may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author/s.
This module is distributed for the students of Aklan State University intended for academic purposes only
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 12
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

No part of this module may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author/s.
This module is distributed for the students of Aklan State University intended for academic purposes only