A

REPORT ON
STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
OF
BUSINESS BUILDING

OWNER:
BHERI KARNALI SAHAKARI SANSTHA LIMITED

SUBMITTED TO:
Birendranagar Municipality
Ward no-6, Birendranagar
2076/09/14 (30th December, 2019)
 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This report describes in brief the Structural Aspects and Design Report of the proposed
Business Building at Birendranagar-7, Surkhet. The report is to be submitted to
Birendranagar Municipality as the partial requirement for the application for building
construction permit. The design is based on the assumption that the client will entirely follow
the structural design along with the architectural design requirements and the building
construction will be carried out under the supervision of a professional engineer.

The designer will not be accountable if any alterations to the structural system is made by the
client or the contractor without the prior written permission from the designer, or the
alterations to the non-structural system is made such that the weight of each individual floor
or the weight of the whole building is altered by more than 10% of the design weight of each
floor and the total weight.

The design calculations and the derivations are limited to only a minimum to let the
concerned people know the methodology adopted. However, the calculations may be
provided to the client or the concerned authorities whenever needed upon request.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN BY:

Er. Deependra Jamkattel
(NEC Regd No:8694 “A” Civil)
 GENERAL

1.1 INTRODUCTION:
This report summarizes the Structural Design and Analysis of the proposed Business building
at Birendranagar-7, Surkhet and is to be submitted to Birendranagar Municipality as the
partial requirement for the application for building construction permit.
The building will be used for providing banking services from all points of representation.
The building structure will be designed for maximum of 3 storey along with stair cover. The
structural design is intended to be based primarily on the current Nepal Building Code of
Practice.

Figure 1 Column Grid Plan with Grid Names and Center Line Dimensions

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1.2 SALIENT FEATURES
1.2.1 PROJECT INFORMATION:
Owner: Bheri Karnali Sahakari Sanstha Limited
Building Type: Residential Building
Location: Birendranagar-07, Surkhet
Plot number: 3512
Plot Area: 135.43 sq.m
Plinth Area: 63.92 sq.m

1.2.2 BUILDING STRUCTURE FEATURES:

Building Structure Type: Ductile Moment Resisting RCC Framed Structure
Storey: 3 storey along with stair cover
Height of Storey: 3.00m
Total Height: 11.8 m (including stair cover)

1.2.3 SITE CONDITIONS:

Soil Type: II (for seismic consideration as per NBC 105)
Seismic Zoning Factor: 1.02 (in accordance with NBC 105)
Allowable Bearing Capacity: 150 KN/sq. m (assumed)

1.3 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR THE BUILDINGS

The structural system for the building has been evolved on the basis of various aspects like
functional requirements of the building, durability and life span of building, cost
effectiveness and other design criteria requirements specified by discussions on number of
meetings with client. The building will be designed as a Ductile Moment Resisting Frame
structure in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by flexure.
The frames will be detailed to provide ductile behavior and comply with the requirements
given in NBC 105.

Element Sizes and Details:

Initially, for the purpose of load calculation following section will be assumed.
Typical floor height is 3.0m and the floor height for the ground floor is 3.0m.
Roof and Floor Slab = 125mm thick
Staircase Waist Slab = 150mm thick
Beams along Longitudinal direction = 230mm x 350mm
Beams along Transverse direction = 230mm x 350mm,
Secondary Beam used in Stairs landing = 230mm x 230mm
Columns = 300mm x 300mm
Wall: A 1 brick (230mm) and ½ brick (115mm) wall is used.
 The slab is designed based on IS 456:2000. The longest slab is designed for
uniformity in construction, all the slabs are detailed according to the designed slab.
The slab is designed to meet the deflection criteria for the slab.
 The beam is designed based on IS 456:2000. The beams are assumed to be
rectangular. The beam is preliminarily designed to meet the deflection criteria as well
as the moment requirements for the span.
 The column is preliminarily designed to meet the stiffness criteria for the building.

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  The staircase is designed to satisfy the moment requirement as well as the deflection
criteria.
 The Safe Bearing Capacity (SBC) of the soil is taken to be 150 KN/m 2. The depth of
the foundation is taken as 1.5m. It is assumed that the soil below is converted to a
firm base by sufficient compaction through any convenient means or as directed by
the site engineer.
 The design of slabs and staircases are carried out based on the prevailing design
practices, following the codal provisions.
1.4 Relevant Codes Followed for Design
The main design standards followed for structural design are given below, indicating their
area of application.
For Loading:
NBC101 – Material specifications
NBC102 – Unit weight of materials
NBC103 – Imposed load
For Design of Reinforced Concrete:
NBC105 – Seismic design of buildings in Nepal

1.5 DESIGN BASIS

1.5.1 GENERAL
The reinforced concrete members are designed in accordance with Nepal Building Code.
Other relevant codes as mentioned in the list above were also followed for specific items of
work.

Grade of Concrete and Cover to the Reinforcement:

Considering the nature of soil as observed in site during previous excavation for the site and
the exposure conditions, fire rating, durability requirements etc. mentioned in NBC, the
proposed grade of concrete for all the structural members is M20, and clear cover to
reinforcement for various items are as follows:
 Floor and plinth Beams: 25mm
 Columns: 40mm
 Slabs: 20mm
 Footings: 50mm

1.5.2 Materials
Materials used as constituents of concrete shall be as per clause of NBC101. The properties
of hardened concrete shall be as per NBC and other relevant clauses shall be considered. For
53 grade Ordinary Portland Cement conforming to NBC; gain of additional strength beyond
28 days is uncertain and thus age factor as indicated in NBC will not be considered.
1.5.3 Reinforcement
The following types of reinforcement bars shall be used:
1. Thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) bars Conforming to IS: 1786-1985 (fy = 415
MPa)
2. Thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) bars Conforming to IS: 1786-1985 (fy = 500
MPa)
3. Deformed bar Conforming to IS: 1786-1985 (fy = 415 MPa)
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 Reinforcement Bars of size 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, and 16mm will be used. Welded wire
mesh shall not be used for structural members. Only lapped splices shall be used. It is to
be noted that the reinforcement grade for the columns used is Fe-500 (fy = 500 MPa).

1.5.4 Admixtures
The concrete slump shall in general be in the range of 75mm and 125mm depending on
reinforcement congestion, ambient temperature and other placement, transporting and
compaction considerations.

1.5.5 Cement
Use of blast furnace slag cement as per NBC is recommended for all elements of the structure
constructed underground. The superstructure may have OPC cement conforming to NBC.

1.5.6 Structural Dimensioning

In addition to the requirements of loads and stresses, the minimum structural dimensions are
also governed by other considerations like fire resistance, size of aggregates, reinforcement
detailing, etc. Minimum width of beams and columns shall not be less than 250mm from
above requirements. The minimum thickness of any structural element shall conform to NBC.
The minimum thickness of various elements shall also meet the fire resistance requirements
of IS: 8110-Part 1-1985. All the reinforced concrete elements of the building wall be
designed for mild condition of exposure and a fire resistance of 1.5 hours.
The minimum thickness at the tip of strap footings shall be at least 200mm from the point of
view of reinforcement detailing.
The slope at the top of the footings shall not be steeper than 1:1.25 in order to obtain well
compacted concrete throughout the footing.

LOAD CALCULATION
A. DEAD LOAD CALCULATION
1. Unit Weight of materials
Reinforced concrete = 25 KN/m3
Brick masonry = 18.85 KN/m3
Screed = 20.4 KN/m3
Cement Plaster = 20.4 KN/m3
Marble = 26.7 KN/m3
2. Floor Loads
Thickness of structural slab = 0.125 m
Thickness of screed = 0.025 m
Thickness of ceiling plaster = 0.0125 m
Thickness of marble = 0.02 m
Dead Load of structural slab = 3.125 KN/m2
Dead Load of screed = 0.51 KN/m2
Dead Load of cement plaster = 0.255 KN/m2
Dead Load of marble = 0.534 KN/m2
3. Heights of Beams, Walls and Parapet walls
Depth of Beam in Longitudinal direction = 0.355 m
Depth of Beam in Transverse direction = 0.355 m

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 Height of each storey of building = 3.05 m
Height of parapet wall = 1 m
4. Dead Loads of Walls
Dead load of 230mm thick wall = 11.71 KN/m
Dead load of side plaster of exterior wall 25 mm thick = 1.56 KN/m
Dead load of 230mm thick wall with 30% openings = 8.20 KN/m
Dead load of 115mm thick wall = 5.855 KN/m
Dead load of 115mm thick wall with 20% openings = 4.684 KN/m
Dead load of parapet wall 115mm thick = 2.16775 KN/m
Water Tank Load of capacity 1000 Litres is also included on roof.

 The loads distributed over the area are imposed on area element and that
distributed over length are imposed on line element whenever possible.
 Where such facility is not feasible, equivalent conversion to different loading
distribution is carried to load the Model near the real case as far as possible.
 For lateral load, necessary calculations were performed and checked using
NBC 105:1994.
 Different load combinations based on Nepal National Codes are developed
and used for design purposes.

B. LIVE LOAD CALCULATION

Live load in Hall Room = 2.5 KN/m2
Living Room = 2.5 KN/m2
Stair = 3 KN/m2
Passages and Balconies = 3 KN/m2
Roof live load access = 1.5 KN/m2
Roof live load not access = 0.75 KN/m2

TABLE: Load Pattern Definitions    

Is Auto Self Weight
Name Load Type Multiplier Auto Load
         
Dead No Dead 1
Seismi IS1893
EQx No c 0 2002
Seismi IS1893
EQy No c 0 2002
Floor Finish No Dead 0
Live<=3 No Live 0
Live>3 No Live 0
Partition
Wall No Dead 0
Staircase No Dead 0
Wall No Dead 0
WT No Dead 0

Table 1 Load Pattern Definitions

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1.6 Design and Detailing for Seismic Forces
Calculation of Lateral Seismic Load per NBC Code
A three-dimensional modal analysis of the structure will be carried out using a Seismic
Coefficient method. ETABS 2015 software will be used for analysis as well as the design of
beam, column, slab and isolated footings. The software has the capability to calculate seismic
load as per the NBC specifications. The Seismic lateral loads were used in the combination
from the Self-Generated Load on the Seismic coefficient method. Modal analysis is carried
out using FEM Based three dimensional analyses.
Calculation of Seismic Weight of a frame:
Seismic Weight at any floor level (Wi) = (Total Gravity Loads due to Beam, Column, Slab,
Wall etc. + 25% of Live Load)
Total Seismic Weight of the Frame, Ws = ∑Wi
Seismic weight of each story is calculated by ETABS 2015 on the basis of mass source
parameter in which a factor of 1.00 has been assigned to the dead loads and a factor of 0.25
has been assigned to the live loads having intensity less than or equal to 3 KN/m 2 and a factor
of 0.5 has been assigned to the live loads having intensity more than 3 KN/m 2 on floors
except for the roof on which no live load will be considered for seismic load calculation as
per codal provision.

Seismic Weight of the Building W = 2208.7343 KN

Base Shear Calculation:
As Per NBC 105:
Total Horizontal Base Shear V= Cd  W
Where, Cd = CZIK
Where,
Basic Shear Factor (C) = According to time period of vibration and Soil type
Seismic Zoning Factor (Z) = For Birendranagar Municipality
Importance Factor (I) = According to the type of building
Performance Factor (K) = for the moment resisting frame
Total Horizontal Base shear Vx = Vy = 198.78609 KN
Distribution of design seismic force:
Fi = Design Seismic Force at floor Level I
Wi = seismic wt. at ith floor level
hi = height of floor i measured from base
According to NBC 105:1994
Height of building (h) = 11.80 m
Soil type = II
Time period (T) = 0.075  H0.75
= 0.4775 Sec
C = 0.08 (from Fig 8.1 of NBC105:1994)

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 Z = 1.02 (for Birendranagar Municipality, Fig 8.2 of
NBC105:1994)
I=1 (for Residential Building., Table 8.1 of NBC105:1994)
K = 1.00 (for Ductile Moment resisting Frame, Table 8.2 of
NBC105:1994)
Cd = CZIK
= 0.0816

Seismic Details of Building

Seismic Zone V Table 2 IS 1893 2002 pg 16

Seismic Intensity z 0.36

Importance factor I 1 Table 6 IS 1893 2002 pg 18

Response Reduction Factor R 5 Table 7 IS 1893 2002 pg 23

Lateral Dimension of Building d 5.5 meters

Height of the of Building h 11.8 meters

with brick infill

Fundamental Natural Period Ta 0.453

Type of Soil Medium Soil

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient Sa/g 2.500

Design Horizontal Seismic

Coefficient Ah 0.09

2208.73
Seismic Weight of Building W 4 KN

198.786
Design Seismic Base Shear VB 1 KN

1.6.1 Methodology
The design base shear is computed by ETABS 2015 in accordance with the NBC code. The
structure is analyzed for full finite element. Beams and columns are modeled as frame (line)
elements and all floor slabs are modeled as Shell (Area) elements with sufficient and
appropriate meshing. Modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio for used material i.e. M20 and
M25 grade concrete (as per Indian Specification) are taken accordingly and section properties
used are based on Preliminary section sizing with consideration for deflection, minimum size
specified and serviceability. Computation for stiffness as a whole is carried out using FEM
based latest software.

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Full Modal Analysis is carried out ensuring that more than 95% seismic mass participation
and it is applied for lateral seismic force distribution that generated with NBC 105 based
Spectral Function for Soil Type-II. For Section Design and Check, suitable load combinations
as suggested in NBC105:1994 and if not covered in that, IS 1893-2002 is referred with
consideration of Envelopes of internal forces developed. Foundation design is carried out in
accordance with the results obtained by ETABS for satisfying strength and stability
requirements.
The design of the structural components such as beams and columns in the building are
carried out using the results and analysis for critical responses from ETABS 2015 and
checked with manual calculations and design. The foundation design is carried out based on
the base reactions obtained from the software with necessary adjustments.

TABLE: Mass Source

Definition    
Load
Name Pattern Multiplier
     
MsSrc1 Dead 1
MsSrc1 Live>3 0.5
MsSrc1 Live<=3 0.25
MsSrc1 Wall 1
Partition
MsSrc1 Wall 1
MsSrc1 Staircase 1
MsSrc1 Floor Finish 1
MsSrc1 WT 1

Table 2 Mass Source

The seismic weight and base shear generated by ETABS2015 is shown below:
SN Load Type Top Story Bottom Seismic Base
Pattern Story Wt. (KN) Shear
(KN)
1. EQx Seismic Roof Base 2195.2383 197.5715
2. EQy Seismic Roof Base 2195.2383 197.5715
Table 3 Seismic Weight and Base Shear (Results from ETABS)

1.7 Load Cases and Combinations used for analysis

Following Load combinations are to be used as per clause 4.5 of NBC 105:
1. 1.5*DL + 1.5*LL
2. DL + 1.3LL ± 1.25EQ
3. DL ± 1.25EQ
4. 0.9DL ± 1.5EQ

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 25% of LL as reduced live load RLL is to be considered when combined with EQ Load.
Similarly, earthquake load is to be considered in two horizontal directions X and Y and in
each direction, the load will be reversible, i.e. in ±X and ±Y directions.

1.8 Control of Deflection

In order to control deflection of structural elements, the criteria given in clause 23.2 of IS
456:2000 is proposed to be used.
To control overall deformation due to earthquake load, the criteria given in clause 7.11 of IS
1893:2002 is applied.
Maximum vertical deflection in all components that resulted under vertical load of combined
effect of self, imposed dead and live load are checked for every element and maintained to be
within permissible limit. Short-term elastic deflection and long-term deflection due to
shrinkage and creep due to sustained loads also are maintained within permissible limits for
all the elements.
Effect of lateral load due to seismic force is analyzed using self-generated seismic load
compatible with Codal provision. The distribution of lateral force at different parts of the
structure is done based on the response under unit force. Using Complete Quadratic
Combination (CQC) method of modal combination combines the deformations, and related
forces reported.
1.9 Control of Cracking
In order to avoid excessive cracking in the flexural members, maximum diameter and spacing
of the reinforcement is restricted as per the detailing rules indicated in clause 26.0 IS: 456-
2000.
1.10 Masonry Walls
Masonry walls have been treated as non-structural infill panels. Therefore, the structural
safety of these walls is ensured by treating them as one way / two-way slab panels spanning
between adjoining beams and columns. These walls are designed as un-reinforced masonry as
per IS: 1905-1987 and IS: 4326-1993.
While external walls are provided with shear connector reinforcement on the underside of
upper beams and sides of columns the internal partition walls are connected to roof slabs
using dry packing mortar between top of walls and soffit of slab / beam.

1.11 Design procedure

 Adopt initial size of members on the basis of Architectural and serviceability
requirement.
 Analyze the structure in design load.
 Conform the section on deflection criteria.
 Design for stresses
 Conform with construction criteria
1.12 Recommendations
 Materials used shall confirm minimum standard specified before use. Primarily the
cement, aggregate, sand and steel shall be used that confirms to NS or IS standard.
 Batching, mixing, placing and curing of concrete and steel fabrication and placing
shall be done as per standard practice.
 Construction safety shall be well planned and implemented.

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ANALYSIS PART
3.1 Design Software
A three-dimensional analysis of the structure was carried out using a Seismic Coefficient
method. ETABS2015 software was used for analysis of the model as well as the design of
beam, column, slab element and foundation.
3.2 Output data results
Some of the important sample output data are presented below:

TABLE: Base Reactions          

Output Case FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
  kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
Dead 0 0 978.0673 2382.7352 -13225.1171 0
Live 0 0 0 0 0 0
Live<=3 0 0 239.35 490.5875 -3216.645 0
Wall 0 0 775.4512 1937.1455 -10552.9846 0
Partition Wall 0 0 182.2783 404.4513 -2458.3719 0
Staircase 0 0 63 247.5 -869.4 0
Floor Finish 0 0 140.1 340.275 -1894.77 0
EQx -197.5715 0 0 0 -1850.3102 609.4724
EQy 0 -197.5715 0 1850.3102 0 -2816.08
WT 0 0 10 40 -152 0
1.5(DL+LL) 0 0 3582.3703 8764.0418 -48553.9331 0
DL+1.3LL+1.25EQx -246.9643 0 2460.0518 5989.8708 -35647.1699 761.8405
DL+1.3LL+1.25EQy 0 -246.9643 2460.0518 8302.7585 -33334.2822 -3520.0999
DL+1.3LL-1.25EQy 0 246.9643 2460.0518 3676.9831 -33334.2822 3520.0999
DL+1.25EQx -246.9643 0 2148.8968 5352.107 -31465.5314 761.8405
DL-1.25EQx 246.9643 0 2148.8968 5352.107 -26839.756 -761.8405
DL+1.25EQy 0 -246.9643 2148.8968 7664.9947 -29152.6437 -3520.0999
DL-1.25EQy 0 246.9643 2148.8968 3039.2193 -29152.6437 3520.0999
0.9DL+1.5EQx -296.3572 0 1934.0072 4816.8963 -29012.8446 914.2086
0.9DL-1.5EQx 296.3572 0 1934.0072 4816.8963 -23461.9141 -914.2086
0.9DL+1.5EQy 0 -296.3572 1934.0072 7592.3616 -26237.3793 -4224.1199
0.9DL-1.5EQy 0 296.3572 1934.0072 2041.4311 -26237.3793 4224.1199
DL+1.3LL-1.25EQx 246.9643 0 2460.0518 5989.8708 -31021.3945 -761.8405
Envelope Max 296.3572 296.3572 3582.3703 8764.0418 -23461.9141 4224.1199
Envelope Min -296.3572 -296.3572 1934.0072 2041.4311 -48553.9331 -4224.1199

TABLE: Joint Reactions        

Story Joint Label Unique Name Load Case/Combo FZ MX MY
        kN kN-m kN-m
Base 1 2 1.5(DL+LL) 497.3995 1.0685 -1.9185
Base 2 4 1.5(DL+LL) 761.5884 0.7024 -1.2605
Base 3 6 1.5(DL+LL) 440.3272 -0.3984 -3.2805
Base 4 8 1.5(DL+LL) 305.0239 0.7226 -0.7586
Base 5 10 1.5(DL+LL) 493.5839 0.92 -1.2105
Base 6 12 1.5(DL+LL) 422.8575 0.6577 -0.4222

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 Base 7 14 1.5(DL+LL) 312.813 1.7753 -1.6483
Base 8 16 1.5(DL+LL) 348.777 1.2052 -1.6936

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios          

Case Mode Period SumUX SumUY SumUZ SumRX SumRY SumRZ
    sec            
Modal 1 0.696 0.6457 0.0756 0 0.0217 0.0677 0.1608
Modal 2 0.617 0.8843 0.2889 0 0.0783 0.1217 0.5857
Modal 3 0.606 0.8843 0.8751 0 0.1363 0.1242 0.8795
Modal 4 0.239 0.9246 0.8936 0 0.3142 0.5569 0.8844
Modal 5 0.223 0.9435 0.922 0 0.5792 0.7729 0.9037
Modal 6 0.208 0.9444 0.9423 0 0.7751 0.779 0.9457
Modal 7 0.155 0.9569 0.9461 0 0.7859 0.8185 0.9458
Modal 8 0.145 0.9579 0.9586 0 0.8314 0.8223 0.9462
Modal 9 0.138 0.9605 0.96 0 0.8359 0.8374 0.9592
Modal 10 0.118 0.9626 0.9603 0 0.836 0.8422 0.9599
Modal 11 0.108 0.9629 0.962 0 0.8388 0.8436 0.9602
Modal 12 0.095 0.9645 0.9623 0 0.8402 0.8471 0.9611

TABLE: Centers Of Mass And Rigidity            

Diaphrag Cum Cum
Story m XCM YCM Mass X Mass Y XCCM YCCM XCR YCR
    m m kg kg m m m m
Ground 2.511 13525.0 13525.0 2.511 13.435
Floor D1 13.433 2 4 4 13.433 2 9 2.302
13.333 2.391 58278.4 58278.4 13.333 2.391 13.500 2.886
First Floor D2 7 2 2 2 7 2 3 4
Second 13.273 2.259 54858.2 54858.2 13.273 2.259 13.501
Floor D3 7 7 9 9 7 7 1 2.982
Third 13.691 2.671 28277.3 28277.3 13.691 2.671 13.528 3.012
Floor D4 5 7 2 2 5 7 2 7
Stair 14.353 3.422
Cover D5 15.2 4 9234.8 9234.8 15.2 4 1 5

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 Beam BM @ grid 1-1

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 Beam SF along grid 1-1

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID 1-1

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID 2-2

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID 3-3

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID A-A

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID B-B

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 ELEVATION ALONG GRID C-C

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 Story Response - Maximum Story Displacement
Summary Description

This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load combination.

Input Data

Name StoryResp1

Display Type Max story displ Story Range All Stories

Load Case EQx Top Story Stair Cover

Output Type Not Applicable Bottom Story Base

Plot

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values

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 Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m mm mm
Stair Cover 11.8 Top 19.434 1.386
Third Floor 9 Top 16.204 2.003
Second Floor 6 Top 12.578 1.312
First Floor 3 Top 7.441 0.796
Ground Floor 0 Top 1.536 0.211
Base -1.5 Top 0 0

Story Response - Maximum Story Displacement

Summary Description

This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load combination.

Input Data

Name StoryResp1

Display Type Max story displ Story Range All Stories

Load Case EQy Top Story Stair Cover

Output Type Not Applicable Bottom Story Base

Plot

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 Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values

Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m mm mm
Stair Cover 11.8 Top 1.385 19.957
Third Floor 9 Top 3.334 16.857
Second Floor 6 Top 2.466 12.779
First Floor 3 Top 1.321 7.213
Ground Floor 0 Top 0.147 1.319
Base -1.5 Top 0 0

S.N. Load Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir Max. Permissible Remarks

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 Case
m mm mm D=0.004xHx1000mm a/c NBC
Stair
11.8 19.434 1.386
1 EQx Cover Top 47.2 OK
Third
9 16.204 2.003
2 EQx Floor Top 47.2 OK
Second
6 12.578 1.312
3 EQx Floor Top 47.2 OK
First
3 7.441 0.796
4 EQx Floor Top 47.2 OK
Ground
0 1.536 0.211
5 EQx Floor Top 47.2
Stair
11.8 1.385 19.957
6 EQy Cover Top 47.2 OK
Third
9 3.334 16.857
7 EQy Floor Top 47.2 OK
Second
6 2.466 12.779
8 EQy Floor Top 47.2 OK
First
3 1.321 7.213
9 EQy Floor Top 47.2 OK
Ground
0 0.147 1.319
10 EQy Floor Top 47.2 OK

Story Displacement Values:

Hence, the structure is safe under lateral displacement check.

Story Response - Maximum Story Drifts

Summary Description

This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load combination.

Input Data

Name StoryResp1

Display Type Max story drifts Story Range All Stories

Load Case EQx Top Story Stair Cover

Output Type Not Applicable Bottom Story Base

Plot

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Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values

Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m
Stair Cover 11.8 Top 0.001154 0.000112
Third Floor 9 Top 0.001208 0.00023
Second Floor 6 Top 0.001712 0.000172
First Floor 3 Top 0.001968 0.000171
Ground Floor 0 Top 0.001024 0.000141
Base -1.5 Top 0 0

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 Story Response - Maximum Story Drifts
Summary Description

This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load combination.

Input Data

Name StoryResp1

Display Type Max story drifts Story Range All Stories

Load Case EQy Top Story Stair Cover

Output Type Not Applicable Bottom Story Base

Plot

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values

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 Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m
Stair Cover 11.8 Top 0.000057 0.001107
Third Floor 9 Top 0.000289 0.001359
Second Floor 6 Top 0.000382 0.001855
First Floor 3 Top 0.000391 0.001965
Ground Floor 0 Top 0.000098 0.000879
Base -1.5 Top 0 0

Story Drift Values

Load Case Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir Max. Permissible Remarks
a/c codal
m mm mm 0.004 provisions
EQx Stair
11.8 0.001154 0.000112
Cover Top 0.004 OK
EQx Third
9 0.001208 0.00023
Floor Top 0.004 OK
EQx Second
6 0.001712 0.000172
Floor Top 0.004 OK
EQx First Floor 3 Top 0.001968 0.000171 0.004 OK
EQx Ground
0 0.001024 0.000141
Floor Top
EQy Stair
11.8 0.000057 0.001107
Cover Top 0.004 OK
EQy Third
9 0.000289 0.001359
Floor Top 0.004 OK
EQy Second
6 0.000382 0.001855
Floor Top 0.004 OK
EQy First Floor 3 Top 0.000391 0.001965 0.004 OK
EQy Ground
0 0.000098 0.000879
Floor Top 0.004 OK

27 | P a g e
TORSION IRREGULARITY CHECK

TABLE: Diaphragm Max Over Avg Drifts        

Output Case
Story Case Type Item Max Drift Avg Drift Ratio Extreme Torsional
              Irregularity Check
Diaph D5
0.001154 0.001085 1.063
Stair Cover EQx LinStatic X Regular
Diaph D4
0.001208 0.001151 1.05
Third Floor EQx LinStatic X Regular
Second Diaph D3
0.00023 0.00012 1.92
Floor EQx LinStatic X Regular
Diaph D2
0.001712 0.00169 1.013
First Floor EQx LinStatic X Regular
Ground Diaph D1
0.001968 0.001937 1.016
Floor EQx LinStatic X Regular
Diaph D5
Stair Cover EQy LinStatic 0.001107 0.001041 1.064
Y Regular
Diaph D4
Third Floor EQy LinStatic 0.001351 0.000974 1.387
Y Regular
Second Diaph D3
EQy LinStatic 0.001855 0.001376 1.348
Floor Y Regular
Diaph D2
First Floor EQy LinStatic 0.001965 0.001544 1.272
Y Regular
Ground Diaph D1
EQy LinStatic 0.000879 0.000711 1.237
Floor Y Regular

Higher and lower values of displacement in any particular floor should not exceed the value
corresponding to 1.4 times the average value of the displacement.

28 | P a g e
Thus, Torsional Irregularity is found to be within acceptable limit. Hence, the seismic
coefficient method is applicable for the structural analysis of the building structure.

CHECK FOR STRONG COLUMN WEAK BEAM

The flexure strengths of the columns shall satisfy the condition:
From IS15988:2013 7.4.1, ∑Mc >= 1.1∑Mb
The Column to Beam Capacity Ratio (Results from Etabs) is shown below:

29 | P a g e
 Beam/Column capacity ratio Along Grid 1-1

30 | P a g e
 Beam/Column capacity ratio Along Grid 2-2

31 | P a g e
 Beam/Column capacity ratio Along Grid 3-3

32 | P a g e
 Beam/Column capacity ratio Along Grid A-A

33 | P a g e
 Beam/Column capacity ratio Along Grid B-B

34 | P a g e
 Beam/Column capacity ratio Along Grid C-C

35 | P a g e
In accordance with IS code, the value of beam to column capacity ratio should not exceed 1.
Thus, the structural model satisfies the check for strong column weak beam.

STRAP FOOTING SF1 DESIGN:-

The design of Strap Footing is carried out for the footings at the columns at grid B1 and B2
(As the load is greater).

1. Given Data:
Factored load on Column @ B3 = 441 KN [Result from ETABS]
Size of Column = 300x300 mm
SBC of soil = 150 KN/m2 (Assumed)
For M20 Concrete, fck = 20 N/mm2
For Fe 415 Steel, fy = 415 N/mm2

2. Calculation of Total Service load:

Unfactored Load on the Column (P) = 441/1.5 KN = 294 KN
Self Wt. of footing (Po) = 10% of P = 29.4 KN
Total Service Load, Ps = P + Po = 323.4 KN

3. Size of Footing:
Area required, Areq = (Total Service Load/SBC) = 323.4/150 = 2.156 m2
Provide 1.5m x1.5m Size footing for column @B3.
Then, Area Provided for footing, AProv = 1.5x1.5 m2 = 2.25 m2 > 2.156 m2
Since AProv > Areq. Hence, OK.

4. Net Upward Soil Pressure:

Load From Column = 294 KN
Area of Footing = 2.25 m2
Net Upward Soil Pressure, p = 294/2.25 = 130.67 KN/m2 < 150 KN/m2 (SBC) O.K.

5. Design of footing Slab:

Let width of strap beam = 300mm (larger column side)
Cantilever projection beyond the beam, a = 0.91m

Mmax = pa2/2 = 130.67x0.912/2 = 54.10 KN-m

Mu = 1.5Mmax = 1.5x54.10x106 N-mm = 81.15 x 106 N-mm

Mu = Mu-lim
i.e. 81.15x106 = 0.138fckbd2
i.e. 81.15x106 = 0.138x20x1000xd2 (Considering 1m width)
This implies d = 171.47 mm. Take d=200mm.
Assuming, Effective cover = 50mm
D (overall Depth) = 200 + 50 = 250mm.

36 | P a g e
 However, Keep D = 350mm. Then, d = 350 – 50 = 300mm.

Determination of Reinforcement:
K=Mu/bd2 = (81.15 x 106)/(1000 x 3002) = 0.90
100 Pt from Table 2 of Design Aid SP-16 = 0.264
Ast = 0.264/100x1000x300 = 792 mm2
Providing 12mm dia. bars.
Spacing = 1000x113/792 = 142.67mm
Thus, Provide 12mm dia. main bars @ Spacing 125mm C/C. (Ast = 904mm2 >
792mm2)
Ast (Distribution Reinforcement) = (0.12x1000x350)/100 = 420 mm2
Thus, spacing of 12mm dia. bars = 1000x113/420 = 259.048mm
Provide 12mm dia. distribution bars @ 125 c/c. (Ast = 904mm2>420mm2)

6. Beam Design:
Load per meter run on Beam
Load from Footing Slab = (0.5x2.12x0.91)x130.67x2/2.12 = 118.90 KN/m
Self-Weight of beam assuming size as 300 x 450 mm
0.30 x (0.45 – 0.35) x 25 = 0.75 KN/m
---------------------------------------------
Total UDL w = 119.65 KN/m
Span l = 2.12 m
Maximum bending moment = wl2/2 = 119.65 x 2.122/2 = 268.88 KN.m
Factored B.M. Mu = 1.5 x 268.88 = 403.32 KN.m
K = 403.32 x 106/(300 x 4502) = 6.64
Increase width of beam to 350mm and depth to 750mm.
K = 403.32 x 106/(350 x 7502) = 2.05
100 Pt from Table 2 of Design Aid SP-16 = 0.662
Ast = 0.662/100 x 350 x 700 = 1621.9 mm2
Provide 6 numbers of 16mm dia. Bars and 4 numbers of 12mm dia. Bars.
Hence, Design strap beam having width 350mm by depth 750mm.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Maximum Shear Force = 119.65 x 2.12 = 253.66 KN
Factored S.F. Vu = 1.5 x 253.66 = 380.50 KN
We have, Ʈc-max = 2.8 N/mm2 for M20 concrete (IS 456:2000, Table 19)
Shear Stress = 380.50 x 103 / (350 x 700) = 1.55 < 2.80 N/mm2 O.K.
Provide 8mm dia. Stirrups @ 150mm C/C.

37 | P a g e
DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING (Joining Col. B2 and B1)

Given Data:
Size of both columns = 0.3m x 0.3m
Center to center distance between Two Columns = 2.5m
SBC = 150KN/m2 (Assumed)
Load on column @ B2 = 762/1.5 = 508 KN
Load on column @ B1 = 498/1.5 = 332 KN
Total Column Load = 508+332 = 840 KN

Approx. Weight of Footing (10% of Column Load) = 10 % of (508+332) = 84 KN

Total Load W = 508 + 332 + 84 = 924KN

Area of Footing Required = W/SBC = 924/150 = 6.16m2

Adopting Footing size 2.3m x 2.8m.
Footing size provided = 2.8 x 2.3 = 6.44m2 > 6.16m2 (Footing Size OK)

Distance of resultant Column Load from left edge of footing = (332x2.5/924) + 0.15 = 1.05m

Net Upward Pressure, p = Total Column Load / SBC = 840/6.44 = 130.44 KN/m2

Depth of Footing

Punching Shear Consideration

Under column @ B2:
Punching Load = Column Load – Reaction of soil on Column Area
= 508 – 130.44x0.09 = 496.26 KN
Factored Punching Load = 1.5 x 496.26 x 103 = 744390 N
Design Punching Shear Stress = 1.80 N/mm2
Equating Punching Shear Resistance to the factored Punching Load
(Perimeter of col. @ B2)xDx(Design Punching Shear Strength) = 744390
i.e. 4x300xDx1.80 = 744390
i.e. D = 344.63 mm
Under column @ B1:
Punching Load = 332 – 130.44x0.09 = 320.26 KN
Factored Punching Load = 1.5x320.26 = 480.39 KN
Equating Punching Shear Resistance to the factored Punching Load
i.e. 4x300xDx1.80 = 480390
i.e. D = 222.4 mm
Bending Moment Consideration
Factored Load on Column @B2 = 762KN
Factored Load on Column @B1 = 498KN
Reaction of soil on the footing per m run = (762+498)/2.8 = 450KN/m
Let the maximum hogging moment occurs at a section x m from left end.
At that section SF = 0.
i.e. 450x – 762 = 0
i.e. x = 1.694m
Mmax = 450x1.6942/2 – 762(1.694 – 0.15) = -530 KN-m

38 | P a g e
Mulim = Mmax
i.e. 0.138 x fck x b x d2 = 530x106
i.e. 0.138x20x2500xd2 = 530x106
i.e. d = 277.15 mm
Provide 16mm dia. Bar and clear cover of 50mm.
Effective cover to the center of steel = 16/2 + 50 = 58mm
Overall Depth = 277.15 + 58 = 335.15mm
Provide Overall Depth = 525mm
Effective Depth = 525 – 58 = 467mm

Longitudinal Reinforcement for maximum hogging moment

Mmax / bd2 = 530x106 / (2500x4672) = 0.97
% of steel required, Pt = 50[ (1-sqrt(1-(4.6/20 x 2.48)))/(415/20)] = 0.287
Ast = 0.287/100 x 2500 x 292 = 3349mm2
Using 16mm dia. Bars.
Spacing = 201*2500/3349 = 150.1mm
Provide 16mm dia. Longitudinal Bars @ 150mm c/c.
Astmin = 0.12x2500x525/100 = 1575mm2 < 3349mm2. Hence, OK.

Transverse Reinforcement
Upward Pressure = 1.5x508/2.5 = 304 KN/m
Bending moment at the face of column in transverse direction = 304.8x1.42/2 = 298.7 KN-m.
Hence, providing minimum reinforcement, Astmin = 0.12% of (2500x525) = 1575mm2
Spacing = 201x2500/1575 = 319mm.
Provide 16mm dia. Transverse bars @ 150mm c/c.

STRAP FOOTING SF DESIGN for footings at the columns at grid C3 and C2:-

The design of Strap Footing is carried out for the footings at the columns at grid C3 and C2.

7. Given Data:
Factored load on Column @ C3 = 423 KN [Result from ETABS]
Factored load on Column @C2 = 494 KN [Result From ETABS]
Size of Column A = 300x300 mm
Size of Column B = 300x300 mm
C/C distance between Columns = 3m
SBC of soil = 150 KN/m2 (Assumed)
For M20 Concrete, fck = 20 N/mm2
For Fe 415 Steel, fy = 415 N/mm2

8. Calculation of Total Service load:

Total axial load, P = W1 + W2 = 282 + 330 = 612 KN
Self Wt. of footing (Po) = 10% of P = 61.2 KN
Total Service Load, Ps = P + Po = 673.2 KN

9. Area Required for Footing:

39 | P a g e
Area required, Areq = (Total Axial Load/SBC) = 612/150 = 4.08 m2
Provide 1.5m x 1.5m Size footing for column @ C3 & C2.
Then, Area Provided for footing, AProv = 2x(1.5x1.5)= 4.50 m2
Since AProv > Areq. Hence, OK.

10. Net Upward Soil Pressure:

Net Upward Soil Pressure, p = (Total Axial Load/Area Provided) = (W1 + W2)/Aprov
p = 612/4.5 = 136 KN/m2

11. Design of footing Slab:

Let width of strap beam = 300mm (larger column side)
Cantilever projection beyond the beam, a = (1.5-0.3)/2 = 0.6m

A. Depth on the basis of bending compression:

Mmax = pa2/2 = 102.87x0.82/2 = 32.92 KN-m
Mu = 1.5Mmax = 1.5x32.92x106 N-mm = 49.38 x 106 N-mm

Mu = Mu-lim
i.e. 49.38x106 = 0.138fckbd2
i.e. 33.24x106 = 0.138x20x1000xd2 (Considering 1m width)
This implies d = 109.743 mm. Take d=120mm.
Assuming, Effective cover = 50mm
D (overall Depth) = 120 + 50 = 170mm.
However, Keep D = 350mm. Then, d = 350 – 50 = 300mm.

40 | P a g e
 B. Depth on the basis of one-way shear:
The critical plan of one-way shear is located at a distance d from the face of the beam
and its distance from the edge = a’ = a-0.001d
Ʈc x K >= Ʈv
Ʈv = Vu/bd
Vu = 1.5 x p x L(a-d) [Taking L=1m]
= 1.5x102.87x1(0.8-d) = 123.44 – 154.305d
Ʈv= (123.44 – 154.305d)/1xd KN/m2 [Taking b = 1m]
Permissible shear stress = k x Ʈc
Where, k=1 (for D>= 300mm)
Ʈc = 0.36 N/mm2 [Table 19 IS 456:2000, Assuming Pt=0.25%]
Then, Ʈc x K = 360 KN/m2
Ʈc x K = Ʈv
i.e. 360 = (123.44 – 154.305d)/d
i.e. d = 0.24m. Take d = 250mm.
Depth ‘d’ calculated from one-way shear is greater than depth calculation from
bending consideration. Take d = 300mm and Effective cover = 50mm.
Then, Overall Depth (D) = 350mm

Determination of Reinforcement:
4.6 Mu
√
Ast = (0.5fck/fy)[1-❑ 1−(
fckbd 2
) ]b.d
4.6 X 49.38 x 10 ex 6
√
= (0.5x20/415)1-❑ 1−(
Ast = 396.386 mm2
20 X 1000 X 350 X 350
)

Providing 12mm dia. bars.

Spacing = 1000x113/396.386 = 285.075mm
Thus, Provide 12mm dia. main bars @ Spacing 150mm C/C.
No. of Steel Bars = 396.386/113 =4nos. Take 6 numbers.
Actual Area of Steel = 113x6 = 678 mm2.
Pt = 339/(1000x300) = 0.194%
Ast (Distribution Reinforcement) = (0.12x1000x350)/100 = 420 mm2
Thus, spacing of 10mm dia. bars = 1000x78.5/420 = 186.9mm
Provide 10mm dia. distribution bars @ 150 c/c.

12. Bending Moment and Shear Force:

Upward pressure p’ per meter run on the strap beam is given by

p’ = pxB = 102.87x1.9 = 195.45 KN/m
Downward load of col. A = 302/0.3 = 1342.24 KN/m
Downward load of col. B = 1006.67 KN/m

41 | P a g e
Shear Force:
SF at inner face of Column A = 1342.24x0.3 - 195.45x0.3 = 312.72 KN
SF at edge D = 1342.24x0.3 – 195.45x1.9 = 31.315 KN
SF at edge E = 31.315 KN (same as D)
SF at inner edge of col. B = 31.315 – [(1.8-0.3)/2]x185.13 = -107.533 KN
SF at outer edge of col. B = 31.315 + 1006.67x0.3 – 185.16x1.05 = 527.734 KN
Here the SF changes its sign between the point E and the inner edge of col. B.
So, lets assume at distance x from the point E towards the column B, the value of SF is zero.
Then, 31.315 – 185.16x = 0
This implies, x = 0.17m. At this section, the bending moment is maximum.
Mmax = (1006.67x0.3)[1.8-0.17-0.15-0.9]-[185.16x1.8x(0.9-0.17)/2] = 141.832 KN-m.
Let at distance xcf from the point F, the bending moment changes its sign. This point is the
point of contraflexure.
Then, (1006.67x0.3x0.9)-(185.16xcf .xcf/2)= 0
This implies, xcf = 1.21m from point F. At the point of contraflexure, the value of the shear
force is maximum. Thus, SF = 31.315 -185.16(1.8-1.2) = 142.41 KN

Depth of Strap beam:

Width of strap beam = 300mm.
Since it projects above the footings, T-beam action will be available.
Mmax = 141.832 KN-m
Mu = 212.75 KN-m
Mu = Mulim
212.75x106 = 0.138xfckbd2
i.e. 212.75x106 = 0.138x20x300xd2
This implies, d=507mm, Take d = 510mm.

Depth on the basis of one way shear (or) diagonal tension

Ʈc x K >= Ʈv
Ʈv = Vu/bd
Vu= 1.5x142.41x103
Thus, Ʈv = (213.615x103)/(300d)

Ʈc-max = 2.8 N/mm2 for M20 concrete (IS 456:2000, Table 19)
We have, (1.5x142.41x103)/(300d) = 2.8

42 | P a g e
 This implies, d=255 mm which is less than the one found on the basis of bending
compression.
Thus, adopt depth 510mm for strap beam.
Using 16mm dia. bars in 2 layers with 20mm space b/w them (both layers) & providing 8mm
dia. stirrups with 50mm nominal cover.
Effective cover = 50 + 8 + 16 + 16/2 = 82, Take 90mm effective cover.
Thus, overall depth, D= 510 + 90 = 600mm.
Hence, provide strap beam with 300mm width and 600mm depth.
Provide 3-16mm dia. bars each for top and bottom and also provide 2-12mm dia. torsion bars.

Isolated Footing F1
             
             
1 Footing Size Design          
             
  Load Pu 363 KN      
  Design Load P 266 KN      
             
  Moment in x dir Mux 0 KN-m      
  Moment in y dir Muy 0 KN-m      
             
  Column size cx 300 mm      
    cy 300 mm      
             
  SBC q 150 KN/sqm      
             
  Footing Size required A req 1.77 sqmm      
             
  L 1.50 meters  
Footing Size Provided
  B 1.50 meters      
  Area Provided A prvd 2.25 meters      
             
    Zx 0.56      
    Zx 0.56      
             
  Net upward pressure Nup 118 KNm2      
             
    Footing Size OK      
             
             
             
2 Slab Design          
    lx 0.600      
    ly 0.600      
             
  Bending Moment in x dir Mx 32 KN-m      
  Bending Moment in y dir My 32 KN-m      
             
  Concrete fck 25 MPa      
  Steel fy 415 MPa      

43 | P a g e
              
  Minimum Depth Required dmin 96      
             
  Depth Provided D 350 mm      
  Clear Cover c 50 mm      
  Effective Cover d' 56 mm      
  Effective Depth d' 294 mm      
             
  Spacing c/c in mm    
Area of Steel
  12# 16# 20#    
  353 sqmm 321 c/c 570 c/c 890 c/c    
  353 sqmm 321 c/c 570 c/c 890 c/c    
  Minimum Ast required across x direcion        
  Minimum Ast required across y direcion        
             
  Ast across x direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm  
  Ast across y direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm  
             
             
             
3 One Way Shear along x direction        
             
    Vu1 81 KN      
    ζv 0.185 MPa      
             
    ζc 0.330 MPa      
    Vc1 146 KN      
             
    One Way Shear Check OK      
             
4 One Way Shear along y direction        
             
    Vu1 81 KN      
    ζv 0.185 MPa      
             
    ζc 0.330 MPa      
    Vc1 146 KN      
             
    One Way Shear Check OK      
             
             
5 Two Way Shear          
    Vu2 337 KN      
    ζv 0.482 MPa      
             
    ks*ζc 1.250 MPa      
    Vc1 873 KN      
             
    Two Way Shear Check OK      
             

                 
1000
width 1000 mm       width mm    

44 | P a g e
 Mulim/bd Mulim/bd
2 2
Mulim       Mulim    
298 KN- 298 KN-
3.45 m       3.45 m    
                 
                 
Section Section
xumax/d xumax Rumax Check   xumax/d xumax Rumax Check
0.48 141 0.138 7.8   0.48 141 0.138 7.8
                 
SRB         SRB      
a 0.6023       a 0.6023    
b -3.6105       b -3.6105    
c 0.3696       c 0.3696    
-p 0.1042       -p 0.1042    
Ast 306       Ast 306    
                 
                 
Min steel Min steel
% 0.205       % 0.205    
Ast 306       Ast 306    
                 
                 
Min Steel 353       Min Steel 353    
Max Max
Steel 11760       Steel 11760    
                 
Ast 353       Ast 353    
                 
Pt Pt
provided 0.1200       provided 0.1200    
β 24.190       β 24.190    
                 
                 
ks trial 1.5       ks trial 1.5    
ks 1       ks 1    

45 | P a g e
 RESULTS FROM ETABS DESIGN RESULTS
Footing P(Factored) Size(in Thickness(in
No. (KN) m) mm) Reinforcement
B1@join
t label 6 12mm dia. @150mm
(F1) 592 1.8X1.8 350 c/c
A1@join
t label 5 12mm dia. @150mm
(F2) 253 1.5x1.5 350 c/c
C1@join
t label 7 12mm dia. @150mm
(F1) 545 1.8x1.8 350 c/c
C3@join 363 1.5x1.5 350 12mm dia. @150mm
46 | P a g e
 t label 9
(F2) c/c

Slab Design
               
 
Slab
t 125 mm Sunken Depth 0 mm
  thickness  
  Concrete fck 20 MPa
  Steel fy 415 MPa          
       
  Loading    
Sunken Slab
  Slab Load       Load    
Dead 3.125
DL 3.125 KN/m DL
  Dead Load     Load KN/m  
Filler 0
LL 4.000 KN/m FL
  Live Load   Load KN/m  
Live 4.0
WL 1.000 KN/m LL
  Finishes Load   Load KN/m  
Finishes 1.0
Ws 8.125 KN/m WL
  Total Load   Load KN/m  
Factored Total 8.13
Wsu 12 KN/m Wsk
  Load   Load KN/m  
Factore Wsk 12
    d Load u KN/m  
 
                   
  Slab Data                
Regula
  Slab Type              
r
12
  Load              
KN/m
Longer Span ly/lx
  4.76 m       1.19    
(ly) ratio
Shorter Span Slab
  (lx)
4.00 m
      type +    

                   
                   
Loading on
  edges one way two way          
19 .=(w*lx/2) + (1-
Wlonger
  KN/m .=w*lx/2 (1/3)*(lx/ly)2)          
16
Wshorter
  KN/m   .=w*lx/3          

47 | P a g e
                    
  Moments one way two way          
14 KN-
  Mx m          
.=w*lx2/ 8 .=αx * w*lx2
11 KN-
  My m            
.=αy * w*lx2
                   
Thickness
OK
  Check .=Mulim > Mux or Muy          
.=
Deflection 22 mm 5*W*l4/(384E
  I)            
                   
Refer Chart 4 SP 16
  Astx Asty pg 21     or    
Area of Steel 397
307 sqmm Refer Table 5-44 SP
  sqmm 16 pg 51-80          
                   
Spacing required in
       
  mm      
  8# 10# 12# 16#  
  x y x y x y x x  
28
164 506 655
127 c/c 198 c/c 256 c/c 5 369 c/c
c/c c/c c/c
  c/c  
.=ast of
bar*1000/ast              
  req  
                   
  Final Ast x y      
  provided 10mm@150c/c 10mm@150c/c      
                   

                       
Design
  Calculations                  
                       
ONE
    TWO WAY  
  WAY          
.
. 0.7 =(0.87435/1
a 0.75 a
=(0.87435/100 5 00) *
  ) * (fy/fck)2     (fy/fck)2      
-
b -3.611 .=(0.87/100) * b 3.6 .=(0.87/100)
  (fy)     11 * (fy)      
0.9
cx 1.258 cy
  .=Mu/bd2     90 .=Mu/bd2      
.=-(b±√(b2- 0.2 .=-(b±√(b2-
-px 0.378 -py
  4ac))/2a     92 4ac))/2a      
.
Ast 397 Ast 307 =(p*b*d)/10
  .=(p*b*d)/100     0      
                       
                       

48 | P a g e
 Min
  % mm2  
Ast              
    0.12 150  
             
                       

pg 91
Table
26 IS
0.0

456
  Interpolation  
  1 56
ly/lx     αx     αy 1. 0.0
  1 64  
low upp
interpt  
lower upper er er
exact value n.
value value valu valu 1. 0.0
value
  e e 2 72  
0.0 0.07 0.0 1. 0.0
1.10 1.20 1.19 0.071
  64 2 56 3 79  
1. 0.0
                4 85  
1. 0.0
                5 89  
0.1
                2 07  
                       
.= (700/(1100 *
  xumax 50 (0.87 * fy)) * d                
.=
30 0.36*fck*b*xum
Mulim ax*(d-
KN-m
  (0.42*xumax))                
Mulim/
2.76
  bd2                  
Mux/bd
2 1.26
                   
Muy/bd
2 0.99
                   
                       
2.24E+
  E                  
07
1.63E-
I      
  04 .= bd3/12          
.=
  Defln 22.29 5*W*l4/(384EI)                
                       

Combined Footing F4 Design

             
             
1 Footing Size Design          
             
             
  Load 1 Pu1 559 KN      
  Load 2 Pu2 101 KN      
  Combine load Pcu 660 KN      
  Design Load Pc 484 KN      
             

49 | P a g e
   Moment in x dir Mux 0 KN-m      
  Moment in y dir Muy 0 KN-m      
             
1.790
 
  c/c dist b/w col in x dir meters      
0.000
 
  c/c dist b/w col in y dir meters      
             
  Col Dim x dir 0.30 meters      
    y dir 0.30 meters      
             
  SBC q 150 KNm2      
             
  Footing Size required A req 3.23 sqmm      
             
  L 2.69 meters      
Footing Size Provided
  B 1.50 meters      
  Area Provided A prvd4.04 meters      
             
    x bar 0.274      
    y bar 0.000      
             
    Zx 1.01      
    Zx 1.81      
             
    Nup 120 KNm2      
             
    Footing Size OK      
             
             
             
2 Beam Design          
             
  Total Load W 120 KNm2      
  Factored Load Wu 270 KNm2      
             
             
  Beam Size width 230 mm      
    depth 350 mm      
             
             
       
             
Bottom
  Reinforcement          
Area of
  Type Bar dia Nos Steel    
  Layer 1 12 mm 3 339 sqmm    
  Layer 2 -        
  Layer 3 -        
  Total Steel Provided 339 sqmm    
  Percentage of Steel 0.464 %    
             
  Top Reinforcement          
Area of
  Type Bar dia Nos Steel    
  Layer 1 12 mm 3 339 sqmm    
  Layer 2 -        

50 | P a g e
   Layer 3 -        
  Total Steel Provided 339 sqmm    
             
             
             
3 Slab Design          
             
             
  Net upward pressure Nup 120 KNm2      
/=width of footing from col
    l 0.64 meters   face
             
  Bending Moment Ms 24 KN-m   2
M=Nup*l /2  
  Factored Moment Mus 36 KN-m   1.5*Ms  
             
  Concrete fck 25 MPa      
  Steel fy 415 MPa      
             
Minimum Depth d=sqrt(Ms/Rumax*1000*b
103
  Required dmin   )
             
  Depth Provided D 350 mm      
  Clear Cover c 50 mm      
  Effective Cover d' 56 mm      
  Effective Depth d' 294 mm      
             
  Area of Steel across x Spacing c/c in mm    
  dir 12# 16# 20#    
  353 sqmm 321 c/c 570 c/c 890 c/c    
Minimum Ast required across x
       
  direcion
             
12 mm @ 150 mm 754
Ast across x direction
  dia c/c sqmm    
Dist Ast across y 12 mm @ 150 mm 754
 
  direction dia c/c sqmm  
             
             
             
4 Shear Check for Slab        
             
    Vu1 61 KN      
    ζv 0.209 MPa      
             
    ζc 0.330 MPa      
             
    Shear Check OK      
             

       
1000
width mm    
Mulim/bd2 Mulim    
298 KN-
3.45 m    
       
       

51 | P a g e
 Section
xumax/d xumax Rumax Check
0.48 141 0.138 7.8
       
SRB      
a 0.6023    
b -3.6105    
c 0.4197    
-p 0.1186    
Ast 349    
       
       
Min steel % 0.205    
Ast 349    
       
       
Min Steel 353    
Max Steel 11760    
       
Ast 353    
       
Pt provided 0.1200    
β 24.190    
       
       
ks trial 1.5    
ks 1    

52 | P a g e
53 | P a g e
 Combined Footing F3 Design

54 | P a g e
              
             
1 Footing Size Design          
             
             
  Load 1 Pu1 180 KN      
  Load 2 Pu2 150 KN      
  Combine load Pcu 330 KN      
  Design Load Pc 242 KN      
             
  Moment in x dir Mux 0 KN-m      
  Moment in y dir Muy 0 KN-m      
             
2.360
 
  c/c dist b/w col in x dir meters      
0.000
 
  c/c dist b/w col in y dir meters      
             
  Col Dim x dir 0.30 meters      
    y dir 0.30 meters      
             
  SBC q 150 KNm2      
             
  Footing Size required A req 1.61 sqmm      
             
  L 3.26 meters      
Footing Size Provided
  B 1.50 meters      
  Area Provided A prvd 4.89 meters      
             
    x bar 1.073      
    y bar 0.000      
             
    Zx 1.22      
    Zx 2.66      
             
    Nup 49 KNm2      
             
    Footing Size OK      
             
             
             
2 Beam Design          
             
  Total Load W 49 KNm2      
  Factored Load Wu 111 KNm2      
             
             
  Beam Size width 230 mm      
    depth 350 mm      
             

             
             
  Bottom          

55 | P a g e
 Reinforcement
Area of
  Type Bar dia Nos Steel    
  Layer 1 12 mm 3 339 sqmm    
  Layer 2 -        
  Layer 3 -        
  Total Steel Provided 339 sqmm    
  Percentage of Steel 0.464 %    
             
  Top Reinforcement          
Area of
  Type Bar dia Nos Steel    
  Layer 1 12 mm 3 339 sqmm    
  Layer 2 -        
  Layer 3 -        
  Total Steel Provided 339 sqmm    
             
             
             
3 Slab Design          
             
             
  Net upward pressure Nup 49 KNm2      
/=width of footing from col
    l 0.64 meters   face
             
  Bending Moment Ms 10 KN-m   M=Nup*l2/2  
  Factored Moment Mus 15 KN-m   1.5*Ms  
             
  Concrete fck 25 MPa      
  Steel fy 415 MPa      
             
Minimum Depth d=sqrt(Ms/Rumax*1000*b
66
  Required dmin   )
             
  Depth Provided D 350 mm      
  Clear Cover c 50 mm      
  Effective Cover d' 56 mm      
  Effective Depth d' 294 mm      
             
  Area of Steel across x Spacing c/c in mm    
  dir 12# 16# 20#    
  353 sqmm 321 c/c 570 c/c 890 c/c    
Minimum Ast required across x
       
  direcion
             
12 mm @ 150 mm 754
Ast across x direction
  dia c/c sqmm    
Dist Ast across y 12 mm @ 150 mm 754
 
  direction dia c/c sqmm  
             
             
             
4 Shear Check for Slab        
             

56 | P a g e
     Vu1 25 KN      
    ζv 0.086 MPa      
             
    ζc 0.330 MPa      
             
    Shear Check OK      
             

       
1000
width mm    
Mulim/bd2 Mulim    
298 KN-
3.45 m    
       
       
Section
xumax/d xumax Rumax Check
0.48 141 0.138 7.8
       
SRB      
a 0.6023    
b -3.6105    
c 0.1731    
-p 0.0483    
Ast 142    
       
       
Min steel % 0.205    
Ast 142    
       
       
Min Steel 353    
Max Steel 11760    
       
Ast 353    
       
Pt provided 0.1200    
β 24.190    
       
       
ks trial 1.5    
ks 1    

57 | P a g e
58 | P a g e
 Staircase Design
             
             
  Data          
  Effective Span (l) 4.76 meters        
  Riser (R) 175 mm        
  Thread (T) 250 mm        
  Waist Slab thickness (t) 150 mm        
  Clear Cover 20 mm        
  Effective Depth of Waist Slab (d) 130 mm        
             
  Grade of Concrete (fck) 20 MPa        
  Grade of Steel (fy) 415 MPa        
             
  Loading          
  Loads on going     Loads on waist slab    
Self weight of landing 3.75
  Self weight of waist slab 4.58 KN/m   slab KN/m  
4.00
  Self weight of steps 2.19 KN/m   Live Load KN/m  
1.00
  Live Load 4.00 KN/m   Floor Finish Load KN/m  
8.75
  Floor Finish Load 1.00 KN/m   Total Load KN/m  
13.13
  Total Load 11.76 KN/m   Factored Load KN/m  
  Factored Load 17.65 KN/m        
             
             
  Bending Moment          
Calculate Bending Moment using the equation (W*L*L )/8
             
             
  Bending Moment = 50 KN-m          
             
  Reaction          
  to be used as UDL = 42 KN          

59 | P a g e
        
             
  Area of Main Steel          
  Ast 1357 sqmm        
             
  Spacing          
  Diameter of bar 12ø 16ø      
148
  Spacing across x 83 c/c c/c      
             
  Provded Main Steel: 12mm@100c/c        
             
             
  Area of Distribution Steel          
  Ast 180 sqmm        
             
  Spacing          
  Diameter of bar 8ø 10ø      
436
  Spacing across y 279 c/c c/c      
             
  Provided Distridution Steel: 8mm@100c/c        
             

60 | P a g e