Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Problem Set 1: Bicol University

Bicol University
College of Engineering
Department of Chemical Engineering
CHE 130
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
PROBLEM SET 1
1st sem, SY 2020 – 2021
Patricia Jane Salalima Manaog

BSChE – 3B
1. At what absolute temperature do the Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales give the same
numerical value? What is the value?
9
Given: ℉ = (5 ℃) + 32
5
℃ = (℉ − 32) (9)
Required: the absolute temperature of Celsius and Farenheit
Solution:
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ℉ = ℃
9
℉ = ( (℃)) + 32
5
9
℃ = ( (℃)) + 32
5
9
1℃ − ℃ = 32
5
4
− ℃ = 32
5
5
℃ = (−32) ( )
4
℃ = −40
9
℉ = ( (℃)) + 32
5
9
℉ = ( (℉)) + 32
5
9
1℉ − ℉ = 32
5
4
− ℉ = 32
5
5
℉ = (−32) ( )
4
℉ = −40
One point at which the Celsius scale and Fahrenheit scale coincides at −400, which is the same for both.
2. Liquid vapor saturation pressure Psat is often represented as a function of temperature by an

equation of the form
𝑏
log10 𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑡 /𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 = 𝑎 − 𝑡
°𝐶 + 𝑐
Here parameters a, b, and c are substance specific constant. Suppose it is required to represent
Psat by the equivalent equation:
𝐵
ln 𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑡 /𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 𝐴 −
𝑇
𝐾+𝐶
Show how the parameters in the two equations are related.
Given:
𝑏
°𝐶 + 𝑐
𝐵
ln 𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑡 /𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 𝐴 −
𝑇
𝐾+𝐶
Required: Relationship between two relations

Solution:
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐾𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒:
𝑇(𝐾 ) = 𝑇℃ + 273.15
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 log10 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑛𝑃:

𝑙𝑛𝑃 𝑙𝑛𝑃
log10 𝑃 = =
𝑙𝑛10 2.303
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟:

1 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 = 0.1333 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 log10 𝑃(𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟) 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑛𝑃(𝑘𝑃𝑎):

𝑙𝑛𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 (𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟) 1 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 (𝑘𝑃𝑎)
log10 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 (𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟) = = (ln )
2.303 2.303 0.1333
= (0.434){[𝑙𝑛𝑃(𝑘𝑃𝑎)] − ln(0.1333)}
= 0.434𝑙𝑛𝑃(𝑘𝑃𝑎) − [(0.434)(−2.015)] = 0.434𝑙𝑛𝑃(𝑘𝑃𝑎) + 0.8746
log10 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 (𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟) = 0.434𝑙𝑛𝑃(𝑘𝑃𝑎) + 0.8746
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

𝑏
°𝐶 + 𝑐
𝑏
0.434𝑙𝑛𝑃(𝑘𝑃𝑎) + 0.8746 = 𝑎 − 𝑡
°𝐶 + 𝑐
𝑏
0.434𝑙𝑛𝑃(𝑘𝑃𝑎) = (𝑎 − 0.8746) − 𝑡
+𝑐
°𝐶
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐾𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒:

1 𝑏
𝑙𝑛𝑃(𝑘𝑃𝑎) = (𝑎 − 0.8746) −
2.303 𝑇℃ − 273.15 + 𝑐
2.303𝑏
𝑙𝑛𝑃(𝑘𝑃𝑎) = (2.303)(𝑎 − 0.8746) −
𝑇℃ − 273.15 + 𝑐
2.303𝑏
𝑙𝑛𝑃(𝑘𝑃𝑎) = (2.303𝑎 − 2.0142) −
𝑇℃ − 273.15 + 𝑐
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔:
𝐴 = 2.303𝑎 − 2.0142
𝐵 = 2.303𝑏
𝐶 = 𝑐 − 273.15
3. The variation of fluid pressure with height is described by the differential equation:
𝑑𝑃
= −𝜌𝑔
𝑑𝑧
Here ρis the specific density and g is the local acceleration due to gravity. For an ideal gas, 𝜌 =
𝑀𝑃⁄𝑅𝑇, where M is the molar mass and R is the universal gas constant. Modeling the
atmosphere as an isothermal column of ideal gas at 283.15 K (10°C), estimate the ambient
pressure in Denver, where z = 1 (mile) relative to sea level. For air, take M = 29 g.mol, R =
0.08206 L atm/mol K.
Given:
Variation of fluid pressure:
𝑑𝑃
= −𝜌𝑔
𝑑𝑧
For ideal gas: 𝜌 = 𝑀𝑃⁄𝑅𝑇
𝑇 = 10℃
𝑀 = 29 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑧 = 1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
R = 0.08206 L atm/mol K
Pressure at sea = 1 atm
Required: Ambient pressure in Denver

Solution:
The variation of fluid pressure with height is described by the differential equation:
𝑑𝑃
= −𝜌𝑔
𝑑𝑧
𝑑𝑃 𝑃𝑀
= −( )𝑔
𝑑𝑧 𝑅𝑇
𝑑𝑃 𝑀
= − ( ) 𝑔(𝑑𝑍)
𝑃 𝑅𝑇
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠:

𝑑𝑃 𝑀
= − ( ) 𝑔(𝑑𝑍)
𝑃 𝑅𝑇
𝑑𝑃 𝑀
∫ = − ∫ ( ) 𝑔(𝑑𝑍)
𝑃 𝑅𝑇
𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑧𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝑑𝑃 𝑀
∫ = −∫ ( ) 𝑔(𝑑𝑍)
𝑃 𝑃 0 𝑅𝑇
𝑃𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑀
𝑙𝑛 =− 𝑧
𝑃 𝑅𝑇 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔:
𝑃𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑀
𝑙𝑛 =− 𝑧
𝑃 𝑅𝑇 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟
m 𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟 (9.832 2 ) (29 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ) (1 1000𝑔)
s
𝑙𝑛 =− (1 𝑚𝑖)(1609.34 𝑚)
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 (8.314)(273.15 + 10)
𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟 = −0.1949
𝑃𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 𝑒 0.1949
𝑃𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 0.8232 𝑎𝑡𝑚
4. The reading on a mercury manometer at 298.15 K (open to the atmosphere at one end) is 56.38
g/cm3 . The local acceleration of gravity is 9.832 m/s2. Atmospheric pressure is 101.78 kPa. What
is the absolute pressure being measured in kPa? The density of mercury at 298.15 K is 13.534
g/cm3.
Given:
𝐴𝑡 298.15 𝐾 ℎ = 56.38 𝑐𝑚
𝑚
𝑔 = 9.832 𝑠 2
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 101.78 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑔
𝜌𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑦 = 13.534 𝑐𝑚3
Required: Absolute pressure
Solution:
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑝𝑔ℎ + 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚

𝑔 1 𝑘𝑔 100 𝑐𝑚 3 𝑚 1𝑚 1000 𝑃𝑎
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 13.534 3
( )( ) (9.832 2 ) (56.38 𝑐𝑚) ( ) + 101.78 ( )
𝑐𝑚 1000 𝑘𝑔 1𝑚 𝑠 100 𝑐𝑚 1 𝑘𝑃𝑎
1 𝑘𝑃𝑎
= (101780 + 75022.77)𝑃𝑎 = 176802.77 𝑃𝑎 ( ) = 176.80 𝑘𝑃𝑎
1000 𝑝𝑎
5. Recent communication with the inhabitants of Neptune have revealed that they have a Celsius-
type temperature scale, but based on the melting point (0°N) and boiling point (100°N) of their
most common substance, hydrogen, Further communications have revealed that the Neptunians
know about the perfect gas behavior, and they find that in the limit of zero pressure, the value of
pV is 28 dm3 atm at 0°N and 40 dm3 atm at 100°N. What is the value of absolute zero of
temperature on their temperature scale?
Given:
𝑝𝑉1 = 28 𝑑𝑚3 𝑎𝑡𝑚 @ 00 𝑁
𝑝𝑉2 = 40 𝑑𝑚3 𝑎𝑡𝑚 @ 1000 𝑁
Required: Absolute zero temperature

Solution:
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑁𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑇𝐴𝑏𝑠 :

𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑇𝑁𝑒𝑝 + 𝐾
𝐾 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑇𝐴𝑏𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑇𝑁𝑒𝑝
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑤 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑁𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡:

𝑝𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝑝𝑉 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛. 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑:
𝑝1 𝑉1 𝑝2 𝑉2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2
3
28 𝑑𝑚 40 𝑑𝑚3
=
𝐾+0 𝐾 + 100
(28)(𝐾 + 100) = (40)(𝐾)
28𝐾 + 2800 = 40𝐾
(40 − 28)𝐾 = 2800
2800
𝐾= = 233.33
40 − 28
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜:

𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑇𝑁𝑒𝑝 + 𝐾
0 = 𝑇𝑁𝑒𝑝 + 233.33
𝑇𝑁𝑒𝑝 = −233.330 𝑁

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Bicol University

Patricia Jane Salalima Manaog

2. Liquid vapor saturation pressure Psat is often represented as a function of temperature by an

Show how the parameters in the two equations are related.

Required: Relationship between two relations

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 log10 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑛𝑃:

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟:

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 log10 𝑃(𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟) 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑛𝑃(𝑘𝑃𝑎):

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐾𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒:

Required: Ambient pressure in Denver

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠:

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑝𝑔ℎ + 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚

Required: Absolute zero temperature

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑁𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑇𝐴𝑏𝑠 :

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑤 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑁𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡:

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜:

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