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X Bar Chart: Key Approaches

This document discusses key approaches to process control charts including X-bar charts, R-bar charts, and range (R) charts. It also covers measuring process capability using the process capability index Cp, which is the ratio of specification width to process variability width. There are three ranges for Cp values that help interpret process capability: Cp less than 1 means the process variability is outside specifications; Cp equal to 1 means variability just meets specifications; and Cp greater than 1 means variability is tighter than specifications. The document concludes by presenting sample data to develop control limits for an X-bar chart and R chart to monitor process mean and variability.

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Sajid Sarwar
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55 views3 pages

X Bar Chart: Key Approaches

This document discusses key approaches to process control charts including X-bar charts, R-bar charts, and range (R) charts. It also covers measuring process capability using the process capability index Cp, which is the ratio of specification width to process variability width. There are three ranges for Cp values that help interpret process capability: Cp less than 1 means the process variability is outside specifications; Cp equal to 1 means variability just meets specifications; and Cp greater than 1 means variability is tighter than specifications. The document concludes by presenting sample data to develop control limits for an X-bar chart and R chart to monitor process mean and variability.

Uploaded by

Sajid Sarwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Key Approaches

X Bar Chart
Each sample has its own mean, x́. The center line of the chart is then computed as the mean of all
k sample means, where k is the number of samples.

X Bar chart

A control chart used to monitor changes in the mean value of a process

Control charts for variables:-


Monitor characteristics that can be measured and have a continuous scale, such as height, weight,
volume, or width. When an item is inspected, the variable being monitored is measured and
recorded. For example, if we were producing candles, height might be an important variable, so
we could take samples of candles and measure their heights

R Bar chart

A control chart that monitors changes in the dispersion or variability of a process

Reid & Sanders (2011,P.190 -194


Measuring Process Capability
Process capability is measured by the process capability index, Cp, which is computed as the
ratio of the specification width to the width of the process variability:
Range (R) charts
Another type of control chart for variables. Whereas x-bar charts measure a shift in the central
tendency of the process, range charts monitor the dispersion or variability of the process.

There are three possible ranges of values for Cp that also help us interpret its value:

There are three possible ranges of values for Cp that also help us interpret its value:

Cp. _ 1: A value of Cp equal to 1 means that the process variability just meets specifications,

Cp. _ 1: A value of Cp below 1 means that the process variability is outside the range of
specification. This means that the process is not capable of producing within specification and
must be improved.

Cp. _ 1: A value of Cp above 1 means that the process variability is tighter than specifications
and the process exceeds minimal capability.

Reid & Sanders (2011,P.202 -204)

Process capability
The ability of a production process to meet
or exceed pre-set specifications.

Where the specification width is the difference between the upper specification limit (USL) and
the lower specification limit (LSL) of the process. The process width is computed as 6 standard
deviations (6s) of the process being monitored. The reason standard deviations, which is a total
of 6 standard deviations.

Findings & Justifications.


Evaluate 20 samples each with 5 observations taken by quality team .
We need to develop X bar chart and range (R) chart in order to monitor central tendency of the
process and volume dispersion in the measuring A.V & Viscosity process. Use the above
samples to develop control limits for the sample range.

x́ =121.02 /20 = 6.051

Ŕ = 12.70 / 20 = 0.635

A2 = 0.58 for n = 5 from Table 10.3

Upper Control Limit = 6.051 + 0.58 X 0.635 = 6.419

Lower Control Limit = 6.051 - 0.58 X 0.635 = 5.683

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