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    Modelling of Power System Components

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    Praneshvar Praneshvar
    The document summarizes models for various power system components used in different types of analyses. A synchronous generator is represented by a voltage source in series with its synchronous impedance. Transmission lines are modeled using a pi or T circuit with series impedance and shunt admittance. Transformers are modeled with equivalent circuits referring voltages and currents to the primary or secondary side. Loads can be modeled as constant power, constant current, or constant impedance depending on the type of study.

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    Modelling of Power System Components

    Uploaded by

    Praneshvar Praneshvar
    44 views5 pages
    The document summarizes models for various power system components used in different types of analyses. A synchronous generator is represented by a voltage source in series with its synchronous impedance. Transmission lines are modeled using a pi or T circuit with series impedance and shunt admittance. Transformers are modeled with equivalent circuits referring voltages and currents to the primary or secondary side. Loads can be modeled as constant power, constant current, or constant impedance depending on the type of study.

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    Chapter 1.7

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    The document summarizes models for various power system components used in different types of analyses. A synchronous generator is represented by a voltage source in series with its synchronous impedance. Transmission lines are modeled using a pi or T circuit with series impedance and shunt admittance. Transformers are modeled with equivalent circuits referring voltages and currents to the primary or secondary side. Loads can be modeled as constant power, constant current, or constant impedance depending on the type of study.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views5 pages

    Modelling of Power System Components

    Uploaded by

    Praneshvar Praneshvar
    The document summarizes models for various power system components used in different types of analyses. A synchronous generator is represented by a voltage source in series with its synchronous impedance. Transmission lines are modeled using a pi or T circuit with series impedance and shunt admittance. Transformers are modeled with equivalent circuits referring voltages and currents to the primary or secondary side. Loads can be modeled as constant power, constant current, or constant impedance depending on the type of study.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    Modelling of Power System Components

    Modelling of Synchronous Generator:


    A Synchronous generator is represented by its generated voltage E in series
    with the synchronous impedance Zs. Fig 1 shows the equivalent circuit of a
    synchronous generator

    The expression for induced emf is,


    E = V + Ia Zs Fig 1
    Where V is the terminal voltage of the generator. Ia is the armature current,
    Ra is the armature resistance and Xs is the synchronous reactance
    Modelling of components depends on the study. The model of AC generator
    discussed above is used for steady state analysis
    While performing short circuit analysis for sub-transient and transient period,
    the steady state reactance of the generator will be replaced by sub-transient
    reactance or transient reactance of the AC generator
    While conducting power flow analysis, generators are modelled as equivalent
    complex power injection PG + jQG
    In the transient stability study, synchronous generator is represented as a
    voltage source in series with its transient reactance.

    Modelling of Transmission Line:


    Transmission lines can be represented either as a two-port π or T model. Long
    and medium length transmission lines are usually represented by a nominal π-
    model. In all the power system studies, transmission line with a total series
    impedance of Z = R + jX and total line charging admittance of jY will be
    modelled by the equivalent circuit as shown in Fig 2. Here jY/2 is termed as
    “Half line charging Admittance”

    Fig 2
    Modelling of Transformers:
    Transformer is a static device to step up or step down the voltage level. Power
    transformers and distribution transformers are used in the power system network.
    While arriving the equivalent circuit of a transformer, we refer all the quantities to
    either primary or secondary side of the transformer.

    Fig 4
    Fig 3

    If we refer all the voltages, currents and impedances to the primary side, the
    equivalent circuit of the transformer is shown in Fig 3. Fig 4 shows the simplified
    transformer model. Bm – Magnetizing susceptance
    As the magnetising current is very small as compared to the usual load currents, it
    is neglected.
    R1 = r1 + a2r2; X1= r2 + a2x2 r – winding resistance, x – leakage reactance
    Modelling of Loads:
    Load drawn by consumers is the toughest parameter to assess scientifically.
    The loads are composite in nature consisting of industrial and domestic
    components.
    An industrial load mainly consists of large three phase induction motors with
    sufficient load constancy and predictable duty cycle.
    The domestic load consists of lighting, heating and single phase devices used
    randomly.

    For various power system studies such as load flow and stability studies, three
    types of representation of passive loads are used:

    1) Constant Power Representation:


    This is used in load flow studies. Both the specified MW and MVAR are taken to
    be constant
    2) Constant Current Representation:
    Here the load current is given by,
    P  jQ
    I  I (   )
    V*
    where V = |V|∠δ and θ = tan-1 Q/P is the power factor angle. It is known as
    constant current representation because the magnitude of current is regarded
    as constant in the study

    3) Constant Impedance Representation:


    This is quite often used in stability studies. The load specified in MW and
    MVAR at nominal voltage is used to compute the load impedance. Thus
    2
    V VV * V 1
    Z   
    I P  jQ P  jQ Y
    Which then is regarded as constant throughout the study.

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