English For Academic and Professional Purposes: Module 4 - Quarter 1

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
NORTHERN SAMAR COLLEGES
Catarman, Northern Samar
Name: Grade:
Date: Teacher: Mark Cesar R. Villanueva
English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Module 4 – Quarter 1
LESSON 4: READING ACADEMIC TEXTS

Effective Note-Taking: Summarizing & Paraphrasing
Reference: Valdez, P. (2016) English for the Globalized Classroom Series: English for
Academic and Professional Purposes. The Phoenix Publishing House Inc.
English for Academic and Professional Purposes Teaching Guide
I. OBJECTIVES
1. Summarizing the content of an academic text
2. Paraphrasing/explaining a text using one’s own words
II. TOPIC
1. Summarizing
2. Paraphrasing
III. CONCEPT NOTES

In the previous module, you have learned how plagiarism happens in one’s
writing. To address plagiarism, effective note-taking techniques should be used.
There are three types of note-taking techniques:
 Direct quotations
 Summarizing
 Paraphrasing
Direct Quotation
This is employed for statements that are so
closely associated that altering the words may
lose its rhetorical impact. For instance, the
statement of Ninoy Aquino, “The Filipino is
worth dying for” is too short to be summarized
and the rhetorical impact is lessened if the
statement is paraphrased.
1. Using direct quotation means to lift and

enclose them in quotation marks. In addition to the author’s name, the
page numbers are included.
Example:
“Globalization is just a covert term for colonization.” (Reyes, 1994, p. 2).
2. If the text is too long, you may omit certain parts and replace them with an ellipsis
(three dots). If the words omitted are at the end of the statement, another dot is added,
making it four.
Example:
“Smartphones resulted from global innovations in technology…and therefore,
consumers need to be updated on the latest trends if they want to maximize
opportunities….” (De Claro, 2010, p. 7).
3. Interpolation may be done to insert notes within the directly quoted passage to help
readers understand the context of the statement. Interpolation is marked by open and
closed brackets.
Example:
“De Quiros, Zabala, Uy, and Lee believe that the education sector should address the
material conditions of schools to improve teaching and learning.” (Danao, 2011, p. 7).
“[Educators] believe that the education sector should address the material conditions of
schools to improve teaching and learning.” (Danao, 2011, p. 7).
4. Twenty percent of the total length of a work may employ direct quotations. For
instance, if the essay needs to be at least 1,000 words, only a total of 200 words is
allotted for direct quotation.
Summarizing
It is a short statement of the main idea of a text. Ideally, it is a
third of the original text of your paper:
1. Make sure to read the text thoroughly and highlight the

important details in the text. Bear in mind that certain
details have relationships (cause and effect for example)
and these need to be noted as well.
2. After getting the main idea/s, use your own words in your
summary. Make sure to check if the relationships between ideas are established.
3. When done with your summary, recheck your output with the original to see if your
output does not stray from the original text. You may seek your teacher or peer’s
feedback to be sure.
Here are 3 easy techniques for summarizing:
Somebody Wanted SAAC 5W’s, 1H

But So Then (State, Assign,
Action, Complete)
This is an excellent This method useful for This strategy relies on six
summarizing strategy for summarizing any kind of text crucial questions (who, what,
stories. Each word represents (story, article, speech, etc.) when, where, why and how).
a key question related to the These questions make it easy
story’s elements. to identify the main
character, important details
and main idea.
Somebody: Who is the story State: name of the article, Who is the story about?
about? book or story What did they do?
Wanted: What does the main Assign: name of the author When did the action take
character want? Action: what the author is place?
But: Identify a problem that doing (example: tells, Where did the story happen?
the main character explains, argues, proves) Why did the main character
encountered. Complete: complete the do what s/he did?
So: How does the main sentence or summary with How did the main character
character solve the problem? keywords and important do what s/he did?
Then: Tell how the story details
ends.
Somebody: Little Red Riding State: The Boy Who Cried Who: The tortoise
Hood Wolf What: He raced a quick,
Wanted: She wanted to take Assign: Aesop (a Greek boastful hare and won.
cookies to her sick storyteller) When: When is not specified
grandmother. Action: tells in the story.
But: She encountered a wolf Complete: what happens Where: An old country road
pretending to be her when a shepherd boy Why: The tortoise was tired
grandmother. repeatedly tell lies to the of hearing the hare boast
So: She ran away, crying for villagers about seeing a wolf about his speed.
help. How: The tortoise kept up his
Then: A woodsman heard her slow but steady pace.
and saved her from the wolf.
Little Red Riding Hood wanted The Boy Who Cried Wolf, by Tortoise got tired of listening to
to take cookies to her sick Aesop (a Greek storyteller), Hare boast about how fast he
grandmother, but she tells what happens when a was, so he challenged Hare to a
encountered a wolf. He got to shepherd boy repeatedly lies to race. Even though he was
her grandmother’s house first the villagers about seeing a slower than Hare, Tortoise won
and pretended to be the old wolf. After a while, they ignore by keeping up his slow and
woman. He was going to eat his false cries. Then, when a steady pace when Hare stopped
Little Red Riding Hood, but she wolf really does attack, they to take a nap.
realized what he was doing and don’t come to help him.
ran away, crying for help. A
woodsman heard the girl’s cries
and saved her from the wolf.
Paraphrasing
This is a restatement in your own words of the main idea and
supporting details of a text. A paraphrase may match the length of
the original work. Consider the following tips in crafting your
paraphrases:
1. Read the text thoroughly, noting both main ideas and

supporting details. If confronted with a long text, you may
outline these ideas to distinguish the major points from the
minor ones.
2. After identifying these, carefully state the major and minor points in your own words,
making sure that the relationships between and among these ideas are observed.
3. Finally, when the paraphrase is done, compare your work with the original to make sure
that the original intentions of the author are not changed.
The following are also several ways in paraphrasing:

1. Literal paraphrasing—This type only replaces vocabulary terms from the original text.
2. Structural paraphrasing—This type changes the sentence structure as well as the word
class of key words of the original text.
3. Alternative paraphrasing—In this type, the writer first poses questions about the text
such as what the text is about, how the main idea is supported, and the stand of the
author about the topic. Then, the writer answers these questions using his/her own
words after reading the text; making sure that all ideas are connected.
Mobile and computer technology may also affect children’s sociability.

The use of this technology may take away hours from children’s social and
playing time. Yet from another perspective, it can help cultivate their
communicative and social skills through using different social media platforms
and sharing apps with friends. (Subia and Tatel, 2014).
Consider the following text and the corresponding paraphrase and summary:
Summary Paraphrase
Subia and Tatel (2014) view technology Subia and Tatel (2014) points out that
as something that may affect the social through technology may have a
lives of children in a negative and negative impact in children's ability to
positive way. socialize since it minimizes chances of
real life interaction with others, they
believe that through interactive features
of technology such as sharing apps and
varying platforms for exchange,
technology can enhance social skills
among its oung users.
Prepared by:
MARK CESAR R. VILLANUEVA

Subject Teacher
Reviewed by:
SOCORRO V. DELA ROSA, Ed.D.

Principal
Noted by:
LEAH-MOORE MANGADA
` School President

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Republic of the Philippines

English for Academic and Professional Purposes

LESSON 4: READING ACADEMIC TEXTS

III. CONCEPT NOTES

1. Using direct quotation means to lift and

1. Make sure to read the text thoroughly and highlight the

Here are 3 easy techniques for summarizing:

Somebody Wanted SAAC 5W’s, 1H

1. Read the text thoroughly, noting both main ideas and

The following are also several ways in paraphrasing:

Mobile and computer technology may also affect children’s sociability.

MARK CESAR R. VILLANUEVA

SOCORRO V. DELA ROSA, Ed.D.

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