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ASU-Assignments 5 - Hydrograph and Base Flow (2012-2013)

This document contains an assignment on hydrograph components and base flow separation for a civil engineering course. It includes 6 questions asking students to: 1) Explain the main components of a watershed hydrograph and separate base flow. 2) Discuss approaches to separating base flow from a hydrograph. 3) Analyze hydrographs from two locations to compute runoff coefficient, infiltration rate, and define attenuation and transportation. 4) Separate direct runoff from base flow using three methods and compute conveyance factor for a given recession curve hydrograph. 5) Use the Rational Method to compute peak runoff for a rainstorm with a 10 year return period. 6) Explain the

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347 views3 pages

ASU-Assignments 5 - Hydrograph and Base Flow (2012-2013)

This document contains an assignment on hydrograph components and base flow separation for a civil engineering course. It includes 6 questions asking students to: 1) Explain the main components of a watershed hydrograph and separate base flow. 2) Discuss approaches to separating base flow from a hydrograph. 3) Analyze hydrographs from two locations to compute runoff coefficient, infiltration rate, and define attenuation and transportation. 4) Separate direct runoff from base flow using three methods and compute conveyance factor for a given recession curve hydrograph. 5) Use the Rational Method to compute peak runoff for a rainstorm with a 10 year return period. 6) Explain the

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ph4318
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ain Shams University 4th year civil

Faculty of Engineering Environmental Hydrology


Irrigation and Hydraulics 2012/2013
Department

Assignment No. (5)


Hydrograph Components and Base Flow Separation

1. Explain with a neat sketch the main components of a watershed hydrograph


due to an event of a storm, considering the base flow contribution.

2. Discuss the different approaches and the reason for separating the base
flow from a hydrograph.

3. Consider a catchment of 33.3 km2 situated in an arid region. The outlet of


the catchment is a wadi (dry river) that carries water only after heavy
rainfall. A rain storm with a depth of 100 mm falls uniformly over the
catchment during a period of three hours. The rainfall depth in the first,
second and third hour are respectively 45, 35 and 20 mm. The discharge at
the outlet due to this rain storm is presented as hydrograph A (solid line) in
the chart below.

a) Compute the runoff coefficient for this rainfall event.


b) In the same chart the hydrograph observed at a point B, 20 km downstream
in the same river, is plotted. The average width of the river section between
A and B is 50 m. Estimate the average infiltration rate into the river bed
between A and B in mm/hr during the passage of the flood wave.
c) From the two hydrographs define the attenuation and the transportation.

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4. For a certain catchment with area of 81.24 km2 the recession curve of the
hydrograph at the outlet may be described with this equation Qt=Qto e-(t-t )/k,
0

where K is the conveyance factor. The flood hydrograph Q (mm/d) at the


outlet, as given below, was produced by a rainstorm of 50 mm.

Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Q
(mm/d 1.72 1.50 1.31 1.14 1.00 6.00 10.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 2.62 2.29 2.00 1.75
)

a) Plot the hydrograph and separate the direct runoff from the base flow by 3
different methods.
b) Calculate the conveyance factor K.
c) Estimate the direct runoff (in mm) after using the straight line method.

5. Consider a rainstorm with a constant intensity falling uniformly over a


catchment of 6 km2. The time of concentration of the catchment is 3hours.
The runoff coefficient is 0.4. The Depth- Duration - Frequency curve for
the T = 10 years that applies to this catchment is given below.
Use the Rational Method to compute the maximum peak runoff in m3/s
with a return period of 10 years.

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6. i) Explain with neat sketches the effect of the different watershed
characteristics on the shape of the surface runoff hydrograph.

ii) For the illustrated watershed that slopes from elevation (+ 125.00) to
(+80.00), determine the drainage area (A), the hydraulic length (L), and
the mean slope (S), hence calculate the time of concentration (Tc) using
Kirpich equation: Tc = 0.015L0.77S-0.385, where, Tc in minutes and L in m.

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