Petri Español

MATH 5

HYPERBOLA
OBJECTIVES:
 derive the standard equation of a hyperbola
 use the equation of a hyperbola to determine its
properties
 find the equation of a hyperbola given some of its
properties
 express the equation of a hyperbola in both the
standard and general forms
 solve problems using the equation of a hyperbola
ANALYTIC DEFINITION

HYPERBOLA: set of all points in a plane the

absolute value of the difference of whose
distances from two fixed points is a constant.
PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA

FOCI: the two fixed points in the analytic

definition, denoted by F.
PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA

PRINCIPAL AXIS: the line passing through the

foci.
PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA

VERTICES: the intersection of the principal axis

and the hyperbola, denoted by V.
PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA

TRANSVERSE AXIS: the line segment whose

endpoints are the vertices.
PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA

CENTER: the midpoint of the transverse axis,

denoted by C.
PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA

ASYMPTOTES: the lines to which the graph of

the hyperbola approach.
PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA

AUXILIARY RECTANGLE: the rectangle whose

vertices lie on the asymptotes of the
hyperbola and whose sides contain the
vertices of the hyperbola.
PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA

CONJUGATE AXIS: the line segment

perpendicular to the transverse axis at the
center and whose endpoints are on the
auxiliary rectangle.
PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA

EXTREMITIES: the endpoints of conjugate axis

axis, denoted by B.
PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA

DIRECTRICES: the fixed lines in the analytic

definition of a general conic, denoted by D.
EQUATION OF THE HYPERBOLA
y


x

                  



















EQUATION OF THE HYPERBOLA

Let CV = a, CB = b, CF = c, CD = d
Then, for a horizontal hyperbola
with C(0, 0), we have
V(a, 0), (-a, 0)
B(0, b), (0, -b)
F(c, 0), (-c, 0)
D: x = d, x = -d
EQUATION OF THE HYPERBOLA
From definition:
PF1 – PF2= k
Using V1 as P:
V1F1 – V1F2= k
(c – a) – (c + a) = k
2a = k
Hence,PF1 – PF2= 2a
EQUATION OF THE HYPERBOLA

 x  c  x  c
2 2
y 
2
 y  2a 2

 x  c  x  c
2 2
  y  2a 
2
y 2

 x c   y  4a 4a x c  y  x c y
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

 
2
2xc  4a  4a
2
x  c  y 2
 2xc

 x  c
2
4a  y  4a  4xc
2 2
EQUATION OF THE HYPERBOLA
xc
  x  c  y  a 
2 2
a
2 2
xc
x  2xc c  y  a  2xc 2
2 2 2 2
a
2 2
xc
x c  y  a  2
2 2 2 2
a
 c2
 2 2 2
x 1  2   y  a c
2

 a 
EQUATION OF THE HYPERBOLA
 c  2 2 2
2
x 1  2   y  a c
2

 a 
2 a c 
 2 2
x  2   y  a c
2 2 2

 a 
2 2
x y
 2 2 1
a a c
2

2 2
x y
2
 2  1, where b  c  a
2 2 2
a b
EQUATION OF THE HYPERBOLA

With C:(0, 0)
2 2
Horizontal Hyperbola: x y
2
 2
 1
a b
2 2
Vertical Hyperbola : y x
2
 2
 1
a b
EQUATION OF THE HYPERBOLA

With C:(h, k)
Horizontal Hyperbola :
 x  h  y k
2 2

2
 2
1
a b
Vertical Hyperbola :
y k  x  h
2 2

2
 2
1
a b
EXAMPLE 1:

Find the equation of the

hyperbola with center (0, 0),
a vertex at (5, 0) and an
extremity at (0, 4).
2 2
x y
 1
25 16
FORMULAS RELATING
a, b, c, d, & e

c  a b
2 2 2

c
e
a
2
a a
d 
e c
EXAMPLE 2:
Find the center, vertices,
extremities, foci, directrices,
asymptotes, and eccentricity of
the hyperbola
2 2
x y
 1
9 16

C:(0, 0)
EXAMPLE 2:
Find the center, vertices,
extremities, foci, directrices,
asymptotes, and eccentricity of
the hyperbola
2 2
x y
 1
9 16

V:(3, 0),(-3, 0)
EXAMPLE 2:
Find the center, vertices,
extremities, foci, directrices,
asymptotes, and eccentricity of
the hyperbola
2 2
x y
 1
9 16

B:(0, 4),(0, -4)

EXAMPLE 2:
Find the center, vertices,
extremities, foci, directrices,
asymptotes, and eccentricity of
the hyperbola
2 2
x y
 1
9 16

F:(5, 0),(-5, 0)
EXAMPLE 2:
Find the center, vertices,
extremities, foci, directrices,
asymptotes, and eccentricity of
the hyperbola
2 2
x y
 1
9 16

D: x = 9/5, x = -9/5
EXAMPLE 2:
Find the center, vertices,
extremities, foci, directrices,
asymptotes, and eccentricity of
the hyperbola
2 2
x y
 1
9 16

A: y = (4/3) x, y = (-4/3) x
EXAMPLE 2:
Find the center, vertices,
extremities, foci, directrices,
asymptotes, and eccentricity of
the hyperbola
2 2
x y
 1
9 16

e = 5/3
EXAMPLE 3:
A point moves along the cartesian
plane so that its distance from the
point (4, 0) is twice its distance
from the line x = 1. What is the
equation of the path of the point?
2 2
x y
 1
4 12
EXAMPLE 4:
What is the equation of the
hyperbola with a vertex at (5, -2), a
corresponding focus at (0, -2) and
a corresponding directrix the line
x = 8?
 x  2    y  2  1
25 2 2

225
4 100
EXAMPLE 5:
Express the following equation
of the hyperbola in standard
form:
2 2
4x – 9y – 16x – 18y + 43 = 0
 y  1  x  2
2 2

 1
4 9
EXAMPLE 6:
Find an equation of the hyperbola
whose foci are the vertices of the
ellipse 7x2 + 11y2 = 77 and whose
vertices are the foci of this ellipse.

2 2
x y
 1
4 7
HOMEWORK#3:

TCWAG6
Section 10.3 Exercises
#s 10, 20, 26, 32, 33