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CVL757: Finite Element Methods: IIT Delhi

This document summarizes lecture notes on finite element assembly. It discusses assembling element stiffness matrices into a global stiffness matrix by the direct stiffness method, where elements are added to the global matrix based on node numbering. Node numbering and its effect on assembly is illustrated through examples of a 4-node structure and a 3-bar truss. Coordinate transformation and incorporation of boundary conditions into the assembled system are also covered.

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Samarth Garg
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97 views12 pages

CVL757: Finite Element Methods: IIT Delhi

This document summarizes lecture notes on finite element assembly. It discusses assembling element stiffness matrices into a global stiffness matrix by the direct stiffness method, where elements are added to the global matrix based on node numbering. Node numbering and its effect on assembly is illustrated through examples of a 4-node structure and a 3-bar truss. Coordinate transformation and incorporation of boundary conditions into the assembled system are also covered.

Uploaded by

Samarth Garg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture

5 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

IIT Delhi

CVL757: Finite element methods


Lecture 5

N. M. Anoop Krishnan
Block V, Room No. 318
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Email: [email protected]
IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements 1
Lecture 5 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

Recap
Ø Bar, beam elements

Ø Element stiffness matrix

Ø Assembly and global stiffness matrix

Ø Global and local coordinates

IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


Lecture 5 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

Assembly
• Procedure for assembling elements to produce a set of
equations describing the structure
• Assembly of elements produces a set of equilibrium equations–
each node in the structure is at equilibrium
• Loads due to: (i) element deformation, (ii) temperature, (iii)
gravity
• Equilibrium equation of the structure can be written as:
$%&' $%&'

! 𝑟 # + ! 𝑟+ # + 𝑃 = 0
#() #()
where 𝑁+01 in the structure, 𝑟 is the loads on the structure
nodes from element deformation, 𝑟+ is the load applied by an
element when its d.o.f. are zero

IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


Lecture 5 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

Node numbering
• Locations to which terms of element matrices are assigned in a
structure matrix depends on node numbering
• This is independent of the type of element, number of nodes,
the way element stiffness matrix is obtained
• Case 1: onsider the following four-noded structure made of two
three-noded triangular elements with one d.o.f per node

IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


Lecture 5 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

Node numbering

Loads applied to elements by nodes are − 𝐫 = [𝐤][𝐝]


IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements
Lecture 5 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

Node numbering
• For element 1,

IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


Lecture 5 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

Node numbering
• Since node 3 is not connected to element 1, additional equation
𝑟81 = 0 can be added
• Thus, for element 1:

Similarly, [k] of element 2:

IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


Lecture 5 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

Assembly
• Net load associated with each node is the sum of the effect of two
elements. For example, for node 4
−𝑟91 = 𝑎9 𝐷) + 𝑎< 𝐷= + 0 + 𝑎> 𝐷9 + (0 + 𝑏8 𝐷= + 𝑏= 𝐷8 + 𝑏) 𝐷9 )
• Net nodal loads can be written as
− 𝐫 = 𝐊 𝐃 = 𝐤 ) + 𝐤 = 𝐃 = (Σ 𝐤 ){𝐃}

Note that irrespective of the element numbering, the global stiffness


matrix remains the same if the structure numbering is preserved
IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements
Lecture 5 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

Assembly
• Case 2: three-bar plane truss with each node having two d.o.fs
• Consider the supports are removed
• Remember: coordinate transformation
[k] = [T]T[k’][T]
𝑐 𝑠 0 0
𝐓 =
0 0 𝑐 𝑠
• The stiffness matrix is given by

IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


Lecture 5 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

Assembly
• Obtaining individual [k] matrix and assembling, we get

Boundary conditions from the structure suggests that u2 = v2 = u3 = 0

IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


Lecture 5 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

Assembly
• Applying the b.c.s
𝑘8 + 0.36𝑘= −0.48𝑘= 0.48𝑘= 𝑢) 0
−0.48𝑘= 0.64𝑘= −0.64𝑘= 𝑣) = −𝑃
0.48𝑘= −0.64𝑘= 𝑘) + 0.64𝑘= 𝑣8 0

• This procedure where elements are added to locations in the


global [K] based on the structure node numbering is called direct
stiffness method

• The process of incorporating boundary conditions will be dealt


in more detail later

• Note that the process is applicable for any element with any
numbers of d.o.f per node
IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements
Lecture 5 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

Summary
Ø Assembly by direct stiffness method

IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements

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