Scribd
Upload
204 views

MATLAB Examples - Flow Control and Loops PDF

This document discusses flow control and loops in MATLAB, including if-else statements, switch-case statements, for loops, and while loops. It provides examples of using these structures to solve algebraic equations, calculate the area and circumference of a circle, generate Fibonacci numbers, and calculate averages. Functions are defined to demonstrate each concept.

Uploaded by

Rameen Hashmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
204 views

MATLAB Examples - Flow Control and Loops PDF

This document discusses flow control and loops in MATLAB, including if-else statements, switch-case statements, for loops, and while loops. It provides examples of using these structures to solve algebraic equations, calculate the area and circumference of a circle, generate Fibonacci numbers, and calculate averages. Functions are defined to demonstrate each concept.

Uploaded by

Rameen Hashmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

MATLAB

Examples
Flow Control and Loops

Hans-Petter Halvorsen, M.Sc.


Flow Control and Loops in MATLAB
Flow Control:
• if-elseif-else statement
• switch-case-otherwise statement
Loops:
• for Loop
• while Loop
The behavior is the same as in other programming languages. It is assumed you know about
For Loops, While Loops, If-Else and Switch statements from other programming languages,
so we will briefly show the syntax used in MATLAB and go through some simple examples.
If-else Statements
Given the second order algebraic equation:
𝑎𝑥 # + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
The solution (roots) is as follows:

−𝑏 ± 𝑏# − 4𝑎𝑐
, 𝑎≠0
2𝑎
𝑐
𝑥= − , 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 ≠ 0
𝑏
∅ , 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 0, 𝑐 ≠ 0

ℂ, 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 0, 𝑐 = 0

where ∅ - there is no solution, ℂ - any complex number is a solution


If-else Statements
Create a function that finds the solution for x based on different
input values for 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐, e.g.,
function x = solveeq(a,b,c)

We will do the following:


• Use if-else statements to solve the problem
• Test the function from the Command window to make sure it
works as expected, e.g.,
>> a=0, b=2,c=1
>> solveeq(a,b,c)
You may define the function like this:

function x = solveeq(a,b,c)
if a~=0
x = zeros(2,1);
x(1,1)=(-b+sqrt(b^2-
4*a*c))/(2*a);
x(2,1)=(-b-sqrt(b^2-
4*a*c))/(2*a);
elseif b~=0
x=-c/b;
elseif c~=0
disp('No solution')
else
disp('Any complex number is a
solution')
end
We test the function: 1

>> a=0, b=2,c=1 >> a=1;, b=2;,c=1;


a = >> solveeq(a,b,c)
0 ans =
b = -1
2 0
c =
1
>> solveeq(a,b,c) >> a=1;, b=1;, c=2;>> solveeq(a,b,c)
ans =
-0.5000 ans = -0.5000 + 1.3229i
-0.5000 - 1.3229i

2
3
>> a=0;, b=0;,c=1;
>> solveeq(a,b,c) >> a=0;, b=0;,c=0;
>> solveeq(a,b,c)
No solution Any complex number is a solution
Switch-Case Statements
• Create a function that finds either the Area or the circumference of a
circle using a Switch-Case statement

𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 #
𝑂 = 2𝜋𝑟

• You can, e.g., call the function like this:

>> r=2;
>> calc_circle(r,1) % 1 means area
>> calc_circle(r,2) % 2 means circumference
We can define the function like this:
function result = calc_circle(r,x)

switch x
case 1
result=pi*r*r;
case 2
result=2*pi*r;
otherwise
disp('only 1 or 2 is legal values for x')
end

Testing the function:


>> r=5;, calc_circle(r,1)
ans = Using an illegal value gives:
78.5398
>> r=5;, calc_circle(r,3)
>> r=5;, calc_circle(r,2)
only 1 or 2 is legal values for x
ans =
31.4159
For Loops
Fibonacci Numbers
• In mathematics, Fibonacci numbers are the numbers in the
following sequence:
0, 1, 1, 2 ,3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …
• By definition, the first two Fibonacci numbers are 0 and 1, and each
subsequent number is the sum of the previous two. Some sources
omit the initial 0, instead beginning the sequence with two 1s.
• In mathematical terms, the sequence 𝑓8 of Fibonacci numbers is
defined by the relation:
𝑓8 = 𝑓89: + 𝑓89#
• with seed values:
𝑓; = 0, 𝑓: = 1
For Loops
Fibonacci Numbers
We will write a function in MATLAB that calculates the N first
Fibonacci numbers, e.g.,
>> fibonacci(N)
ans =
0
1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34

We will se a For loop to solve the problem.


We define the Function:
function f = fibonacci(N)

f=zeros(N,1); We execute the function:


f(1)=0; >> fibonacci(N)
f(2)=1; ans =
0
for k=3:N 1
f(k)=f(k-1)+f(k-2); 1
2
end
3
5
8
13
21
34
While Loops
• Create a Script or Function that creates Fibonacci Numbers up
to a given number, e.g.,

>> maxnumber = 2000;


>> fibonacci(maxnumber)
The function can be written like this:
function f = fibonacci2(max)
f(1)=0;
f(2)=1;

k=3;
while f < max

f(k)=f(k-1)+f(k-2); Testing the function gives:


k=k+1;
>> maxnumber=200;
end fibonacci2(maxnumber)

ans =
0 1 1 2 3 5 8
13 21 34 55 89 144 233
For Loops
• Extend your calc_average function from a previous example so
it can calculate the average of a vector with random elements.
Use a For loop to iterate through the values in the vector and
find sum in each iteration:

mysum = mysum + x(i);

• Test the function in the Command window


Previous Version of calc_average function:

We test the function in the Command window

>> z=calc_average(x,y)
z =
3
The function can be written like this:
function av = calc_average2(x)

mysum=0;
N=length(x);

for k=1:N
mysum = mysum + x(k); Testing the function gives:
end >> x=1:5
x =
1 2 3
av = mysum/N; 4 5
>> calc_average2(x)
ans =
3
If-else Statement
Create a function where you use the “if-else” statement to find
elements larger then a specific value in the task above. If this is
the case, discard these values from the calculated average.
Example discarding numbers larger than 10 gives:

x =
4 6 12

>> calc_average3(x)
ans =
5
The function can be written like this:
function av = calc_average2(x)

mysum=0;
total=0;
N=length(x);

for k=1:N Testing the function gives:


x =
if x(k) < 10 4 6 12
mysum = mysum + x(k);
total=total+1; >> calc_average3(x)
end ans =
5
end

av = mysum/total;
Hans-Petter Halvorsen, M.Sc.

University College of Southeast Norway


www.usn.no

E-mail: [email protected]
Blog: http://home.hit.no/~hansha/

You might also like