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More About Set Theory

Set theory is the branch of mathematics that deals with sets, which are collections of objects. Some basic set operations include union, intersection, complement, Cartesian product, and power set. The document then provides examples of union, intersection, and complement. It also defines the Cartesian product and provides an example. Finally, the document introduces basic properties of sets like identity, domination, idempotent, commutative, and distributive laws. It provides two examples to prove the distributive law for different sets.

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Kshitendra Gautam
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116 views4 pages

More About Set Theory

Set theory is the branch of mathematics that deals with sets, which are collections of objects. Some basic set operations include union, intersection, complement, Cartesian product, and power set. The document then provides examples of union, intersection, and complement. It also defines the Cartesian product and provides an example. Finally, the document introduces basic properties of sets like identity, domination, idempotent, commutative, and distributive laws. It provides two examples to prove the distributive law for different sets.

Uploaded by

Kshitendra Gautam
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Introduction to basic concepts of set theory:

In basic concepts of set theory, the set theory is a part of the math learning
                  
which is called gathering of objects. Any type of the object can be together into a set,
set theory is useful most frequently to object that are associated to the math.  The set
theory contains union, Intersection, complement operations etc.
More about Set Theory:
 In basic concepts of set theory, the Set theory contains some of the operations.
 Operations are union, intersection, complement, symmetric difference, Cartesian
product and power set.
Union:
 In basic concepts of set theory, the union of the sets A and B, It is denoted by A
U B.
 The union operations define set of the all objects in A and B.
Example of Union:
A= {2, 3, 4} B= {2, 3, 4, 5}
A U B = {2, 3, 4, 5}
Intersection:
 In basic concepts of set theory, the intersection of the sets A and B, It is denote
by the A ∩B.
 This operations are defines set of all objects of the both A and B.
Example of Intersection:
A= {2, 3, 4} B= {2, 3, 4, 5}
A ∩B = {2, 3, 4}
Complement:
 In math, the complete operation is the different operation.
 It describes complement of set A relative to set U.
 This operation is denoted by Ac. It means, the set all object of U is not a
members of A.
 This operation is also known as set difference.
Example of complement:
U= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
A= {1, 2, 3 4, 5}
The complement is Answer is=6.
Cartesian Product:
 The Cartesian product is also one of the basic geometry concepts operations.
 In set theory, a new set can be build by associating any element of the single
element with the every component of the other set.
 The Cartesian product of two sets A and B and it is indicate by A x B.
 The A x B is the set of the all ordered pairs.
Example of Cartesian product:
{3,4}x{blue, red}={(3,blue), (3,red), (4,blue),(4, red)}.

Introduction to Basic Set Properties


     Set theory is the branch of mathematics that learned about the sets, which are the
collections of objects. Even though any type of objects can be collected into a set, set
theory is applied most often to objects that are related to mathematics. Here we will see
about the basic properties and basic examples. (Source: Wikipedia).
Basic Properties of Set
The following some basic properties are used in set.
Identity Law
 A ∪ ∅ =A
 A ∩U=A
Domination Law
 A∪U=U
 A∩∅=∅
Idempotent Law
 A∪U=A
 A∩A=A
Commutative Law
 A∪B=B∪A
 A∩B=B∩A
Associative Law
 (A∪B) ∪C=A∪(B∪C)
 (A∩B) ∩C=A∩ (B∩C)
Distributive Law
 A∪ (B∩C)=(A∪B) ∩(A∪C)
 A∩ (B∪C)=(A∩B) ∪(A∩C)
Examples
1) Proof the distributive law in set properties for the following sets.
    A={2,4,6,7,8} B={3,4,5,7,8} C={2,5,6,7,8}
Solution
     The given sets are A={2,4,6,7,8} B={3,4,5,7,8} C={2,5,6,7,8}
     The law is as follows,
        i) A∪ (B∩C)=(A∪B) ∩(A∪C)
        ii)A∩ (B∪C)=(A∩B) ∪(A∩C)
i) A∪ (B∩C)=(A∪B) ∩(A∪C)
     Solve the left side condition.
A∪ (B∩C)
     B∩C
     Select the common values of the set B and C.
     B∩C={5,7,8}
     A∪ (B∩C)
     Now grouping the values of A with B∩C .
     A∪(B∩C)={ 2,4,5,6,7,8 }
Now solve right side condition.
(A∪B) ∩(A∪C)
     A∪B={2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
     A∪C={2,4,5,6,7,8}
     (A∪B) ∩(A∪C)={2,4,5,6,7,8}
     So A∪(B∩C)=(A∪B) ∩(A∪C).
ii)A∩ (B∪C)=(A∩B) ∪(A∩C)
     Solve the left hand side.
A∩ (B∪C)
     B∪C ={2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
     Grouping the A values into B∪C.
     A∩ (B∪C)={ 2,4,6,7,8}
(A∩B) ∪(A∩C)
     A∩B={4,7,8}
     A∩C={2,6,7,8}
     (A∩B) ∪(A∩C)={2,4,6,7,8}
     So A∩ (B∪C)=(A∩B) ∪(A∩C).
2) What is the (A∪B) ∪C=A∪(B∪C) for the following set?
    A={3,6,8,9,10} B={4,5,7,9,11} C={1,2,5,7,8}
Solution
     Given sets are A={3,6,8,9,10} B={4,5,7,9,11} and C={1,2,5,7,8}
     Solve the left hand side.
(A∪B) ∪C
    Grouping the A and B sets values and grouping the C values.
     A∪B = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
     (A∪B) ∪C ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11}
Now solve the right side condition.
A∪(B∪C)
     First group the values of B and C sets. Then grouping the values of A.
     B∪C={1,2,4,5,7,8,9,11}
     A∪(B∪C)={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11}
     So (A∪B) ∪C=A∪(B∪C).

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