Bridge

Management Practice

Ir. Leow Choon Heng FIEM, P.E.

Cawangan Senggara Fasiliti Jalan

1
 INTRODUCTION
Worldwide shift in focus of
attention from building new bridges
to maintaining existing ones
1) Bridges are coming of age
2) Fund is low
3) Public outcries over occurrence
of a number of catastrophic
bridge failures

2
Statistic of Malaysian Bridges

• JKR Federal > 7,133

• JKR State > 7,000
• JKR Sabah > 1730
• JKR Sarawak > 1540
• Toll concessionaires > 560
• DBKL > 255
• KTM > 920

3
 Bridge On Federal Roads By Deck Types
(Until Dec 2006)

Bridge Deck Type Nos.

Concrete Box Girder 6
Prestressed Beam & R.C. Slab 658
R.C. Beam & R.C. Slab 528
R.C. Slab 316
R.C. Slab (Arch) 149
R.C. Slab (Box Culvert) 1409
R.C. Slab (Pipe Culvert) 3555
Steel Beam & R.C. Slab 122
Steel Beam and Buckle Plate 210
Steel Orthotropic 12
Steel Trough 1
Timber Deck 1
Other 166
Total 7133
4
JKR Bridges By Material Types
Material Type Nos. Nos. in %
Concrete 6322 88.63
Steel 632 8.86
Masonry 172 2.41
Other 7 0.10
Total 7133 100.00

Masonry - 172 Other - 7

Steel - 632

Concrete, 6322

Concrete Steel Masonry Other

5
Disruption to Traffic Jambatan Runtuh Di Section 5.5,
(Hydraulic Effect-Scouring) Jalan Negeri N30,
Daerah Kuala Pilah ,
Negeri Sembilan.

•Local scour to underside of

foundation for masonry type
abutment causes the bridge
collapsed.
Ke Kuala Pilah
•R.c. deck slab dislocated and
dropped.

View from up stream View from down stream

6
Disruption To Traffic (Hydraulic Action – Scour)
Approach Jambatan Runtuh Di FT1208
Sg. Buaya, Hulu Selangor.

•Local scour to underside of

foundation of abutment causes the
bridge approach collapsed.
K 3.2m portion of the
approach collapsed
•Big cavity form at underside of
foundation and behind abutment wall.

Cavity formed
to underside of
abutment

K 3.2m portion of the

approach collapsed and
settled

7
Disruption to Traffic
JAMBATAN FT007/018/10, OVER
SG. JERLUN (KG. KEMBOJA),
KUBANG PASU, KEDAH

8
Disruption to Traffic
JAMBATAN FT007/018/10, OVER SG. JERLUN (KG.
KEMBOJA), KUBANG PASU, KEDAH
Ke Kangar Dari Alor Setar

Span-3 Span-1
Abut-B Span-2 Abut-A

Pier-2 Pier-1

B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15

Medium Cracks
Very Severe Deflection at at M id-span
Mid-span With Vertical
Sagging of 30mm-60mm
Deep and Cracks Shown Very Sever Spalling
With Re-bars Shown

3-D View From Under at Abutment-B

(SHOWING DEFECTS TO BEAM SOFFIT)
9
 Disruption to Traffic
JAMBATAN JALAN NEGERI DI FELDA
SELANCAR 3, DAERAH ROMPIN,
Elevation (View from d/stream side) PAHANG.

Runtuhan ‘slip circle’ dipandang

Keruntuhan dibelakang dari ‘approach’ ke hulu sungai Pandangan ke struktur Abutment B
Abutment A - W/wall Kanan). (susuri tebingnya). yang runtuh tebingnya.

Atas dek: Renggang >150mm -

lokasi expansiont joint akibat r.c Kerosakan dinding R.C Abutment
Keruntuhan r.c approach slab. approach slab jatuh. A dan alatan elemen utiliti.
10
 Disruption to
Traffic
Condition of the bridge
before collapsed
Jambatan Sg Udang ke Paya – 13/02/2003
Rumput Jaya

11
 Disruption to
Traffic
Condition of the bridge
after collapsed
Jambatan Sg Udang ke Paya – 12/06/2003
Rumput Jaya

12
 Disruption to Traffic

Collapse of
Bailey bridge
due to
overloaded
lorry
(Dec. 2001)

Kenipir Bridge, Ranau, Sabah

13
 KEROSAKAN PAIP AIR UPVC (RAINWATER DOWNPIPE) DI
JEJAMBAT MRR2 AMPANG POINT (JAMBATAN NO. FT28/026/00)

Foto 1 – Pandangan depan tiang Foto 2 – Pandangan paip air UPVC

sambut dengan paip air UPVC drainwater downpipe yang tertanggal
dan hilang

Foto 3 – Pandangan dekat paip air Foto 4 – Bracket kekuli yang kelihatan
UPVC drainwater downpipe yang baik berkarat
14
 KEROSAKAN PAIP AIR UPVC (RAINWATER DOWNPIPE) DI
JEJAMBAT MRR2 AMPANG POINT (JAMBATAN NO. FT28/026/00)

Foto 5 – Bracket pada paip air UPVC

drainwater downpipe yang tercabut dari
permukaan konkrit

15
In USA, failure of Silver Bridge
at Point Pleasant (1967)

47 people lost their lives

16
In Korea, collapse of Songsu Bridge
(Oct. 1994)

• 23 people lost their lives

• The mayor of Seoul resigned immediately
• Call for the resignation of the President
17
Interstate 40
Bridge Over
Arkansas River
Near Webber
Falls, Oklahoma.

• 3 people lost their lives when bridge collapsed after it was

struck by a barge
• 6 to 11 people were trapped and feared dead in their vehicles,
which plunged 30m into the water.
18
Jiujiang Bridge at South China Guangdong Province

• The bridge was hit by a sand-laden barge on 15 Jun 2007.

• About 130 vehicles crossed the 1.6km bridge during the hour of accident,
and 6 were unaccounted for.
• The collapsed bridge segment fell directly onto the barge, causing
it to sink almost immediately. 19
Loss of Lives
Failure of culvert
at Sg. Semiar,
Jeneri July 1996

8 people lost their lives

20
 Flood Level

No r m
al Lev
el

PIPE
INADEQUATE SIZE

CULVERT
CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW

œ During abnormal flood, overtopping of culvert may occur

 If flow is fast enough, washing out of adjoining embankment may
occur

PLAN VIEW

WASHOUT

PIPE
CULVERT
21
Disruption to Traffic Jambatan FT091/057/00 ,
(Hydraulic Effect-Scouring) Di Jalan Kluang-Kota Tinggi,
Daerah Klaung,
Negeri Johor.

• Fast water flow during flood

season washing away backfilled
materials of approach
embankment at abutment-b of
the twin box culvert.
• Small portion of approach A at
down stream also being scoured

22
Disruption to Traffic Jambatan FT091/057/00 ,
(Hydraulic Effect-Scouring) Di Jalan Kluang-Kota Tinggi,
Daerah Klaung,
Negeri Johor.

• A bailey bridge was assembled

and fabricated to overcome
disruption of traffic flow.
• Approach at abutment-A was
also strengthened with stone
filled gabion mattress.

23
HYDRAULIC
HYDRAULIC ACTION
ACTION -- SCOUR
SCOUR

• Jambatan FT130/018/00
Bridge over Sg. Salor, Jalan
Pasir Mas- Kota Bharu,
Daerah Kota Bharu,
Kelantan.
• Scoured pier with
exposed pile

24
 Hydraulic
Hydraulic Action
Action -- Erosion
Erosion

Bridge located at route FT029 section 040/50

• Walkway slab caved in due effect of erosion through under
waterway seepage
• Portion of the pc slab at abutment also settled and caved in 25
 Hydraulic
Hydraulic Action
Action -- Erosion
Erosion

Bridge located at route FT029 section 040/50

• Existing filled slope badly eroded and hence causes the
cascaded drain to collapse. 26
 Disruption to Traffic - Effect of Accident
Bridge collapsed in Oakland, California on Sunday 29-04-2007.

27
 Disruption to Traffic - Effect of Accident
Bridge collapsed in Oakland, California on Sunday 29-04-2007.

28
BRIDGE FAILURES
The Motivation – Planning, design and
construction
– Inspection and
assessment of current
bridge performance
level
Rawang – Maintenance, repair
and rehabilitation
– Operation and control

Sg. Pahang 29
Silver Bridge Collapse (1967)
• National Bridge Inspection (1968)
• Special Bridge Replacement (1970)
• Interest in computerised bridge
management system (BMS)
(1980’s)
• Mandatory requirement of every
state to operate 6 management
systems including BMS (ISTEA
1991)
In Malaysia NALS (1985-88), JKR BMS (1990)
30
 Collapse of Songsu Bridge
in Korea (Oct. 1994)

Annual Mandatory Bridge Inspection

in Malaysia (AMBI 1995)

31
 Annual Mandatory
Bridge Inspection (AMBI)

• Since 1995
• To decentralise bridge inspection
• Inventorisation of new bridges
• Updating of bridge condition status
• Scheduling of maintenance and
rehabilitation programs
• Bridge inspection courses for Engineers,
Technical Assistants and Technicians

32
 Legend : - UPPJ

CSFJ Caw Senggara Instruct

Fasiliti Jalan Concessionaire to
carry out routine
UPJ Unit Pemulihan inspection
Jambatan

UJ Unit Jambatan, Caw

Kejuruteraan Awam,
Struktur & Jambatan
CA
JD JKR Daerah
Carry out routine
Emergency Bridge Closure

Unit Pengurusan inspection

Process for Dealing With

UPPJ Penyelenggaraan
Inform CA
Jalan for the
Inform UPPJ
CA Concessionaire if serious installation
defects of proper
detected signboard

UPPJ

Inform JD for
immediate
action

JD
Inform CSFJ
immediately if the 1.Inform general public if closure
bridge is in critical Inform JD for the
of bridge is involved.
condition installation of Bailey
2.Carry out detail inspection and
bridge if the bridge is
prepare report
structurally unsound or
unsafe for road users.
Inform CFSJ
and discuss for *Bailey Bridge Centre for
further action the Eastern Regional
Centre is located at JKR
Temerloh)

CSFJ

If the condition of If the condition of

the bridge is in the bridge is beyond
repairable condition repairable condition

UPJ UJ

Prepare repair Site visit and design

proposal new bridge 33
 Scope Maintenance of Bridges
and Culverts

• Routine maintenance such as

removal of dirt, debris and
vegetation at joints, bearing shelves,
drainage holes, waterways

• Minor restoration works to parapet

and railings, and localised repainting.

• Cleaning and lubricating steel

bearings.
34
 BMS - Responsibilities of CSFJ and District JKR
Cawangan Senggara Fasiliti Jalan
District JKR
(CSFJ)
• Maintain & improve BMS
• Provide guidelines for inspection procedures
• Standardise inspection procedures, measurement & reporting

• Provide training to District JKR

• Conduct inspection & summit reports to HQ
• Report new structures & summit as built drawings to USJ
• Analyse report
• Update record

• Conduct confirmatory inspection

• Recommend remedial action to District JKR

• Send allocation to District JKR

• Carried out corrective action

• Report status to USJ monthly

• Monitor status
• Analyse records in BMS & plan for refurbishment/replacement
35
SISTEM PENGURUSAN JAMBATAN (JKR-BMS)

JKR-BMS merupakan satu alat

/sistem pengurusan jambatan untuk
membantu Unit Pemulihan
Jambatan, Cawangan Senggara
Fasiliti Jalan bagi pengesyoran,
pelaksanaan dan peningkatan
optima (optimum improvements)
dalam pengurusan, penyenggaraan
dan menaiktaraf jambatan-jambatan
di Laluan Persekutuan.

Continues….. 36
 What is a BMS ?
Activities: Rules
• a tool to assist highway andAnd
Construction
Inspection
bridge agencies
Maintenance Regulations

Software
• encompasses all engineering
System
and management functions
EDP programs Database

37
Bridge Maintenance Activities
Bridge Operation & Maintenance Phase
BMS Content - the bridge management
system in the operational phase
consists of :
• A series of connected activities
• A set of management rules and
regulations for the activities
• A database in which frequent used
data are stored
• A set of EDP programs for
processing the data
38
 Structure of a BMS

Activities Management inputs

Inventory Funding
Constraints
Inspection Costs
Output
Data Base
Maintenance
BMS Needs
Bridge
Construction Analytical Predictions
Conditions
Process Options
Traffic surveys Costs

Accident reports Deterioration

Prediction
Feasible
Cost accounting
Actions

Engineering Input
39
Bridge Maintenance Activities
BMS EDP Programs (JKRBMS)
JKR-BMS includes a Windows-based EDP tool for managing the
activities connected with operation and maintenance of
structures.
JKR-BMS includes a number of software modules and programs
that are used in connection with;
• Inventory
• Principal inspection
• Special Inspection
• Recurrent Maintenance and Minor
maintenance/Cleaning
• Ranking of repair work
• Administration of Special Transports (next phase)
• Price Book (next phase)
• Cost management
• Budget management (next phase)
• Archive (next phase)
40
 First menu – [System – Menu] –
Modules view the various available modules

41
Modules
Inventory
Selections – bridges,
chronology,
drawings/sketches,
create
bridge/passage
Registers – routes &
rives, interested
parties
Reports – inventory
data, list of bridges,
number & area of
bridges

42
You can see the construction data in the inventory module

43
Modules Principal Inspection
Selections – inspection, standard repair works
Reports – inspection report, standard repair works,
inspections in a given year, 5-year budgets

44
In the Principal Inspection module you have data on the
components and condition rating

45
In the Principal Inspection module you also have photos
from your latest inspection

46
CARTA ALIRAN MAKLUMAT PEMERIKSAAN UNTUK
SISTEM PENGURUSAN JAMBATAN (BMS)

CHECKING/SORTING REPORT

JCR 1,2,3 JCR 4&5

BMS CONFIRMATORY
Inspection

YES IS IT IN INVENTORY? NO
UPDATE DATA NEW DATA ENTRY

REPLACEMENT DETAIL
REHABILITATION INSPECTION
MAINTENANCE ( If needed )
47
Material Condition Rating Card

48
Performance Condition Rating of Components

49
 Condition Rating System for Structures
The performance of the structure is directly related to
the performance of the primary components. The worst
condition rating of the primary components shall be the
rating of the structure.

Rating General Definition

1. No damage found and no maintenance required as a result of
the inspection.
2. Damage detected and it is necessary to record the condition for
observation purposes.
3. Damage detected are slightly critical and thus it is necessary to
implement routine maintenance work.
4. Damage detected is critical and thus it is necessary to
implement repair work or to carry out a detailed inspection to
determine whether any rehabilitation works are required or not.
5. Being heavily and critically damaged and possibly affecting the
safety of traffic, it is necessary to implement emergency
temporary repair work immediately or rehabilitation work
without delay after the provision of a load limitation traffic sign.
50
KURSUS LATIHAN PEMERIKSAAN DAN BAIKPULIH JAMBATAN

• Dijalankan secara tahunan dengan berpandu kepada Annual

Bridge Inspection Manual.
• Meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemahiran teknikal mengenai
prosedur pemeriksaan jambatan, mengenalpasti kerosakan
jambatan dan mengambil langkah awalan pencegahan dan
tindakan baikpulih jambatan.
• Didedahkan pengetahuan supaya berkebolehan untuk
menyediakan laporan kerosakan jambatan, inventori
jambatan dan proses kerja membaiki jambatan dengan cekap
dan berkesan.
• Antara tajuk syarahan yang dikendalikan ialah :-
• The Need for Bridge Inspection
• Understanding Bridge Component
• Bridge Inspection and reporting
• Identifying of defects and probable causes
• Repair Materials and Techniques
• Hands on Bridge Inspection and Reporting

51
INSPECTION - Practical Training

INSPECTION ABOVE
THE BRIDGE

INSPECTION
UNDER THE BRIDGE
52
BRIDGE INSPECTION : -
INVENTORY

ROUTINE
CONDITION

CONFIRMATORY

DETAILED

53
 Pemeriksaan Manditori
Tahunan

• Struktur : kerosakan, mendapan

• Jalan : mendapan, pothole

• Sungai : erosion, scouring, sand

mining, perubahan channel

• Papantanda : no. struktur, had

tinggi dan berat keadaan, visibility

54
 Laporan Pemeriksaan

• Data inventori untuk struktur baru

dan struktur-struktur di jalan yang
bertukar taraf dari jalan negeri ke
jalan persekutuan

• Borang pemeriksaan yang lengkap

• Tempoh untuk penyerahan kepada

CSFJ: dua bulan selepas mesyuarat

55
 PELAPORAN PEMERIKSAAN PENYERAHAN PROJEK
• Mengikut SPK-Sistem Pengurusan Kualiti, JKR Negeri/JKR
Daerah /Pegawai Penguasa/ HOPT perlu memanggil
mesyuarat pra-penyerahan dengan semua pihak
terlibat/Kontraktor/Perunding.
• Menganjurkan ’Joint Inspection’ 3 bulan sebelum
pengeluaran Sijil Praktikal Siap Kerja(CPC) dan sebelum
Tamat Tempoh Liabiliti Kecacatan (DLP).
• Keperluan untuk menjalankan pemeriksaan jambatan
adalah berikut :-
i. Prosedur Pengambilan Projek Jambatan Siap
ii. Format ‘Routine Bridge Condition Inspection’(sediakan
Laporan Pemeriksaan Inventori) :
– Summary Report Form
– Structural Condition Checklist
(Bridge/Culvert)
iii. Format Laporan Pemeriksaan Kecacatan Jambatan
Sambung……

56
 PELAPORAN PEMERIKSAAN PRA PENYERAHAN PROJEK
iv. Criteria For Classification of Severity of Damage
v. Condition Rating Guide Based On Damage
vi. Metodologi dan prosedur pemeriksaan jambatan
berdasarkan ’Annual Bridge Inspection Manual’.
vii. Inspektor jambatan perlu kompeten dan berpengalaman
untuk perolehan data maklumat sahih dan konsisten secara
sistematik dan efektif.

57
Keperluan dikemukakan/hantarkan ke Cawangan Senggara
Fasiliti Jalan, IPJKR dalam tempoh 1 bulan :
i. Laporan Pemeriksaan Inventori Jambatan
ii. Laporan Pemeriksaan Kecacatan Jambatan (dengan
laporan bergambar kecacatan)
iii. Dokumen kontrak atau Maklumat Ringkasan Projek
iv. ’As built drawing’
v. Kad inventori
vi. Jaminan (Warranty) pemasangan elemen (expansion
joint, bearing dsb.)
vii. Gambarfoto kerja-kerja projek baru atau projek
pembaikan ( hard copy & softcopy dalam bentuk CD)
menunjukkan keadaan/aktiviti struktur untuk :
- Permulaan/Sebelum Kerja.
- Semasa Kerja
- Selepas Siap
viii. Pemasangan papan tanda Nombor Struktur Jambatan
ix. Maklumat penting kontrak seperti: Alamat Perunding,
Kontraktor, Pembekal, tarikh siap, tarikh tamat
kecacatan dsb.
58
 KRITERIA PENERIMAAN
(i) Prestasi Kondisi (Condition Rating) :
- CR 1 dan CR 2 BOLEH TERIMA (MEMUASKAN)
- CR 3 TIDAK BOLEH TERIMA
(Melainkan selepas dijalankan pemeriksaan dan kerja
pembaikan susulan)
- CR 4 dan CR 5 TIDAK BOLEH (Perlu siasatan lanjut)
(ii) Rekabentuk : Pematuhan Bridge Loading BD 37/01,
Clearance > 5.4m high, bridge restrictions etc.
(iii) Pematuhan Kontrak: Kualiti, Spesifikasi, Perincian lukisan
‘as - built drawing’, Waranti dsb.
(iv) Audit Keselamatan: Pematuhan peraturan/papan tanda
trafik (Traffic Management System) dan Features affecting
safety/security)seperti access provision/ hole cover
(v) Lain-lain: Pemasangan kabel utiliti/kelengkapan jambatan
memuaskan dan dibekal maintenance manual.

59
 KEROSAKAN LAZIM YANG DIKENALPASTI SEMASA
PENYERAHAN PROJEK SIAP
Bil. Masalah Jenis Kerosakan / Kegagalan Punca Masalah
I Kerosakan • Kecacatan ’honeycomb & • Pengawasan kerja
Struktur surface defects’ pada binaan tidak rapi dan
parapet, abutment, beam kurang pengalaman
etc. oleh S.O dan
• Keretakan wingwall & r.c. Kontraktor.
parapet
• Keretakan 'shrinkage' • Tidak cukup perincian
permukaan Box Girder rekabentuk /
• Kecacatan pemasangan pembinaan tidak
precast r.c parapet panels mengikuti perincian
secara ’cast in situ’ yang struktur.
tidak mengikut lukisan.
• Keretakan r.c abutments,
headwall
• Kecacatan r.c diaphragms
• Kecacatan kerb, ballast
wall, deck
• R .E wall precast panel at
ramp of approach - gap
opening melebar, keretakan
pada R.E wall & abutment.
60
 Common Structural Defects
Honeycombing & surface defects to parapet, abutment, beams etc

End edge of the beam spalled,

chip-off and with corroded rebar
exposed

Portion of the concrete parapet was

found to be having insufficient
concrete cover with corroded rebar
shown.

Honey combing were detected to

sides and soffit of the intermediate
diaphragms with portion of the
formworks not removed.

Longitudinal and perpendicular

shrinkage cracks ranging from 0.1mm to
0.35mm were detected along the curve
surface of the flange (box girder body).

Piers were found to be having shear

cracks of size ranging from 0.5mm to
0.8mm wide. Portion of the cracks were
also having leaching oozing out to form
whitish stain marks.

Honey combing and insufficient

concrete cover with corroded
rebars exposed were detected to
deck soffit at edge of the bridge.
61
 Common Structural Defects
Cracks And Gap Forming To R.E. Wall At Ramp Of Bridge Approach.

Part of the precast panel at the top portion

of the ramp of approach is bulging out from
its original alignment and vertical profile
complete sign of settlement to both of the
approaches and opened up gaps were also
detected to the jointing works within R.E.
wall and wingwalls.

Cracks were detected at the jointing works

within the r.e. wall and the wingwall.

62
 KEROSAKAN LAZIM YANG DIKENALPASTI SEMASA
PENYERAHAN PROJEK SIAP
Bil. Masalah Jenis Kerosakan / Kegagalan Punca Masalah
II Kerosakan • Jalan tuju mendap/tidak rata • Pengawasan tidak ikut
Bukan • Pavemen jalan beralun/retak spesifikasi, kerja tidak
Struktur • Bearing shelf tidak bersih rapi/tidak bersih dan S.O
• Hakisan slope tebing. dan Kontraktor kurang
• Inlet/Outlet pembentung mahir.
tersumbat sampah dan tanah
(debris & silting) • Perincian rekabentuk tidak
cukup dan tidak praktikal
dengan environmen
tapakbina

63
 Common Non Structural Defects
Settlement To Bridge Approach

Both approaches were found to Both approaches were found to be

be having differential level and having differential level of 25mm to
partially settled with a drop of 40mm due to poor compaction of
15mm to 35mm drop. backfill materials.

Both approaches were found to be

having differential level of 10mm to
20mm due to settlement of the
backfill materials.
64
 Common Non Structural Defects
Rippling And Cracks To Road Pavement

Inferior finish quality of the pavement works with sign

of segregation and crocodile cracks were detected.

Sink hole was detected to the end

portion of the newly planted guard
Rippling to newly paved road surface. railing system.

65
 KEROSAKAN LAZIM YANG DIKENALPASTI SEMASA
PENYERAHAN PROJEK SIAP

Bil. Masalah Jenis Kerosakan / Kegagalan Punca Masalah

tapakbina
III Kegagalan • Railing base plate tiada epoxy • Kegagalan pemasangan /
Pemasangan mortar tidak mengikut spesifikasi,
Kelengkapan • UPVC down pipe tidak cukup perincian lukisan kontrak.
Jambatan panjang / lubang inlet tinggi/
tersumbat • Penggunaan bahan tidak
• Guardrail & Brass Plaque berkualiti dan tidak cukup
dipasang tidak ikut spesifikasi / kemasan (poor
lukisan workmanship)
• Keretakan expansion joints
• Holding down bolt for C.I posts
for railing on r.c parapet -
substandard type

66
Failure In Construction Conformance
No Epoxy Mortar to Railing Base Plate

67
 Failure In Construction Conformance
No Provision or Insufficient Protruding Length of UPVC Pipes

Upvc drain pipes having Inadequate extension drain pipe

insufficient pipe length at outlet. protruded length to soffit of box girder.

No provision of the upvc rain

water down pipe. 68
 TINDAKAN PEMERIKSAAN SELEPAS PENYERAHAN
PROJEK
Menjalankan pemeriksaan jambatan berkala oleh JKR
Negeri/Daerah :
i. Program Pemeriksaan Mandatori Tahunan Jambatan -
Kekerapan 1 tahun sekali
ii. Program Pemeriksaan Keselamatan Jambatan - Kekerapan
jangka 1 bulan sekali) terhadap komponen/elemen fasiliti
jambatan yang mengalami kerosakan/kegagalan fungsinya.

69
 KELEMAHAN ATAU KETIDAKCUKUPAN PENYERAHAN PROJEK
PROJEK JAMBATAN
i. Kurangnya penumpuan pemantauan rapi projek dari segi kualiti
pembinaan, penyeliaan kerja dan aktiviti pemeriksaan kecacatan
(misalnya masalah kelemahan ’structural detailings’) bermula
dari peringkat awalan untuk mengurangkan gejala
kecacatan/kerosakan.
ii. HOPT/Penyelaras Projek/PP/WPP bertanggungjawab
menguruskan proses penyerahan projek serta memastikan
supaya projek siap dengan berkualiti dan tanpa kecacatan
sebelum diserahkan untuk pengambialihan oleh CSFJ.
iii. Perlu disertakan lengkap dengan bukti/laporan bergambar
Selepas Kerja Pembaikan kecacatan. Juga latar
belakang/ringkasan projek, maklumat kontrak, ’as built
drawings’, kad inventori, waranti dan lain- lain laporan
mengikut keperluan Prosedur Pengambilan Projek Jambatan
Siap.
iv. Projek yang dikendalikan oleh ’Special Teamworks’ dan
ditubuhkan di bawah IPJKR atau JKR Negeri yang kemudianya
telah dibubarkan selepas tersebut projek siap.

Sambung……
70
 CADANGAN DAN PENGESYORAN
i. Pihak JKR Negeri, JKR Daerah, HOPT/Jabatan Pemilik
Projek meningkatkan pemantapan sistem kawalseliaan
dan pemantauan serta bertanggungjawab dengan
memberi keutamaan kepada pengurusan, penyerahan
projek dan penyenggaraan aset jambatan selepas
pengambilalihan projek.
ii. Meningkatkan kepekaan dan tindakan aktiviti
pemeriksaan, pelaporan dan pembaikan jambatan secara
efektif dan berterusan.
iii. Menyimpan, mengemaskini rekod projek, inventorisasi
jambatan dan menyegerakan sistem penyaluran
maklumat dan tindakan susulan semasa di antara
peringkat Ibu Pejabat JKR, JKR Negeri dan JKR Daerah.
iv. Mengkaji dan melaksanakan sebarang keperluan kerja
tambahan, kelengkapan fasiliti atau kerja perubahan (yang
tiada dalam kontrak projek).

Sambung……
71
 CADANGAN DAN PENGESYORAN
v. Mendapatkan kerjasama CKASJ, Unit Keselamatan Jalan,
Unit Geologi, JPS dan pihak-pihak utiliti
awam/Kontraktor/Perunding dll. untuk kajisemula bagi
menangani dan menyelesaikan masalah rekabentuk
struktur, keselamatan dan kelancaran sistem trafik bagi
tujuan/sebelum penyerahan projek.
vi. Menentukan langkah-langkah berkesan berdasarkan
keperluan pencapaian prestasi pengurusan aset menerusi
pematuhan kualiti pelaksanaan kerja serta kriteria
penerimaan penyerahan projek siap disamping
meminimakan berlakunya masalah kecacatan/kerosakan
struktur serta kos penyenggaran efektif.
vii. Menambahkan tahap kompetensi dan kemahiran tenaga
kerja pengawasan projek, perekabentuk dan inspektor
jambatan.

72
 Conclusions
• To help the districts with the systematic
bridge inspection and rehabilitation
• To improve the understanding of bridge
structures and their long term durability
and serviceability
• To give guidance on the basic concept of
non-destructive testing and scour
protection
• To improve the quality of bridge project
and project documentation process
through proper handing over procedure.

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THE END

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