INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS AND SOCIETY and pdp

Study online at quizlet.com/_6ytpeh

1. intellectual ► Refer to the series of events that led to the e"i'ergence of modern science and the progress of scientific thinking
revolutions across critical periods in history
and society ► "these scientific revolutions involved a two-stage process of sweeping away the old and establishing the new ... "
JEAN SYLVAIN BAILLEY, mathematician, 1976
2. paradigm shift ►' Resulted to a renewed and enlightened understanding of how the universe behaves ~nd functions i
► challenged longheldviews about the nature of the universe
► Often met with resistance and controversy
3. Copernican ►16™ century
Revolution ►' Nicolaus Copernicus. Polish mathematician and astronomer
► HELIOCENTRIC MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE
►, Challenged the GEOCENTRIC MODEL OF THE ' UNIVERSE by Claudius Ptolemy
► Commentariolus. 40-page outline
► De Revolutionibus Orbium Coe/estium (The Revolution of Celestial Spheres), 1543
► Heliocentrism The Earth rotates around its axis The Earth and other planets revolve around the sun
► Met with huge resistance
► Copernicus was accused of heresy and faced persecution from the Church
► Heliocentrism Had multiple inadequacies Were later filled in by other astronomers who believed in his theory ·
► Was soon accepted by other scientists at that time, most profoundly by Galileo Galilei
► Served as a catalyst to sway scientific thinking away from age-long views about the position of the Earth relative
to an enlightened understanding of the universe
► Marked the beginning of modern astronomy
► Was capped off by Isaac Newton a century later
4. darwinian ► Mid 19th century
revolution ► Charles Darwin, English naturalist, biologist, and geologist
► On the Origin of Species, 1859 ·
► Natural selection An evolutionary process by which organisms, including humans, inherit, develop, and adapt
traits that favored survival and reproduction. These traits manifested in offsprlngs that are more fit and well-suited to
the challenges of survival and reproduction. "survival of the fittest"
► Met with resistance and controversy
► Sparked a massive debate between science and religion
► Through the Darwinian Revolution, the development of organisms and the origin of unique forms of life and
humanity could be rationalized by a lawful system or an orderly process of change underpinned by laws of nature.
5. Freudian ► 20TH century
Revolution ► Sigmund Freud
► Psychoanalysis
► A scientific method of understanding inner and unconscious conflicts embedded within one's personality,
springing from free associations, dreams, and fantasies of the individual
6. mental illness is a result of nurture not nature
7. three aspects id, ego, superego
of human mind
8. id unconconscious part of the mind (this part of the mind seeks to bring us pleasure) primitive parts of our personality
including aggression and sexual drives
9. ego -conscious part of the mind (Rational Self). Decides what action to take for positive means and what to do based on
what is believed is the right thing to do. Aware of reality.
10. superego unconscious part of the mind that acts as our conscience. Reminds us of what we should do.
11. Psychoanalysis Emphasized the existence of the unconscious where feelings. thoughts, urges. emotions, and llPage memories are
contained outside of one's conscious mind
Pychosexual development, libido, Id, ego and superego, Oedipus and Electra complexes Emphasized the existence
of the unconscious where feelings. thoughts, urges. emotions, and llPage memories are contained outside of one's
conscious mind Psychosexual development, libido, Id, ego and superego, Oedipus and Electra complexes
12. mesoamerica Includes the entire area of Central America from Southern Mexico up to the border of South America
13. maya civilization lasted for 2000 years
14. inventions of a.) astronomy
maya civilization b.) calendars
c.) agriculture
d.) machineries and tools
e.) weaving
f.) rubber products
g.) mayan hieroglyophics
h.) mathematics
15. Inca Civilization a. roads paved with stones
b. stone buildings that surmounted earthquakes and other disasters
c. irrigation system and techniques for storing water and their crops d. calendar with 12 months
e. first suspension bridge
f. quipu, system of knotted ropes to keep records
g. textiles
16. Aztec a. mandatory education,
Civilization b. chocolates
c. antispasmodic medication,
d. chinampa
e. Aztec calendar
f. canoe l
17. development of a.) manufacture iron and metallurgical owrks
science in india b.) medicine
c.) astronomy
d.) math
18. Ayurveda a system of traditional medicine, 2500 B.C.E.
19. Susruta Samhlta ancient texts describing different surgical and other medical procedures
20. astronomy developed theories on the configuration of the universe, the spherical self-supporting Earth, the year of 360 days
with 12 equal parts of 30 days each
21. Siddhanta ancient texts covering astronomical information and events
Shiromanl
22. Mohenjodaro ruler in india
23. Aryabhariya introduced a number of trigonometric functions, tables and techniques, algorithms of algebra
24. Brahmagupta (628 A.O.) concept of gravity, use of zero, Hindu-Arabic numeral system
25. Madhava of founder of mathematical analysis
Sangamagrama
26. lbn al-Haytham father of optics
27. Muhammad ibn gave his name to the concept of the algorithm; algebra, from a/-jabr, from the beginning of the title of one of his
Musa al- publications
Khwarizmi
28. Jabir ibn Hayyan father of chemistry
29. lbn Sina pioneered the science of experimental medicine; first physician to conduct clinical trials; Book of Healing and The
Canon of Medicine (1~ century); discovery of the contagious nature cif infectious diseases; clinical pharmacology
30. development of a. Geometry b. Alchemy, medieval forerunner of chemistry c. Human anatomy and pharmacology d. Metallurgy e.
science in africa Mathematics
31. Lebombo Bone from the mountains of Swaziland and South Africa; tool for multiplication, division, and simple
mathematical calculations; oldest known mathematical artifact
32. Philippine Development Plan - upliftment of filipino society
- a framework achieve by 2040
- matatag, maginhawa, panatag na buhay
33. first target high trust and resilient society
34. first pillar malasakit - enhancing social fabric
35. first strategic outcome trust
36. trust strategies - reduce corruption
- efficient government services
- empower people
37. second strategic outcome justice
38. justice strategies - deliver fair and swift decision
- deliver justice real time
- improve sector deficiency and accountability
39. third strategic outcome respect on philippine culture and values
40. respect on philippine culture - value and promote diverse culture
and values strategies - promote creative excellence
- strengthen culture sensitive governance and development