Requirements

In
P.E 4

Submitted to: Sir. Benjie Yumague

Submitted by:

Ruby Lyn B. Britos

Desiree dawn Pedregosa

Jona May Pelarco

Joan Mante

Jekie Lou Osing

Ria Lumacad

Juliet Buenafe

History of Soccer
 Soccer is one of the most popular sports in Europe and the Americas. It has a
vivid and interesting history in the world of sports. Early evidence of soccer being played
as a sport finds occurrence in China during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BC. In China, it
was during the Han dynasty that people dribbled leather balls by kicking it into a small
net. Recorded facts also support the fact that Romans and Greeks used to play ball for
fun and frolic. Some facts point to Kyoto in Japan where kicking of ball was a popular
sport.

It is said that early growth of the modern soccer started in England. Some
amusing facts even mention that the first ball used was the head of some Danish
brigand. It is said that during medieval times, the old form of soccer used to allow many
ill practices like kicking, punching, biting and gouging. The main aim was to carry the
ball to a target spot. People grew so fond of the game that they would throng the field all
day long. Sometimes the competition grew fierce and masses got so wild that there
were frequent incidents of violence during the game. It is also said that soldiers admired
the game so much that they missed archery practice to watch it.

King Edward III banned soccer in 1365 owing to the growing incidents of violence
and military indulgence in the sport. In 1424 King James I of Scotland also proclaimed
in the Parliament— "Na man play at the Fute-ball" (No man shall play football).

When and where exactly did soccer start is a question that has no precise
answer to it. You can easily say that this popular game has been played for more than
three thousand years. The nativity of modern-day soccer must be credited to Britain. It
was also known as the association football, with Scotland and England being the co-
founders of the systematic game of soccer.
Modern History of Soccer: 18th Century Onward

In 1815, a major development took place that made soccer popular in

Universities, Colleges and Schools. The popular English School and Eton College came
forth with a set of rules, known as the Cambridge Rules. Football was segregated into
two groups; some colleges and schools opted for Rugby rules that allowed tripping, shin
kicking and also carrying the ball. These rules were exclusively prohibited as per the
Cambridge rules.

King Edward III banned soccer in 1365, owing to the growing incidents of
violence and military indulgence in the sport.

The history of modern-day soccer was established in 1863. In October 1863,

eleven representatives from London clubs and schools met at the Freemason’s Tavern
to set up common fundamental rules to control the matches amongst themselves. The
outcome of this meeting was the formation of the Football Association. In December
1863, the Rugby Football and Association football finally split as the supporters of the
Rugby School rules walked out.

Firmly establishing the foundation of soccer in 1869, the Football Association

strictly banned any kind of handling of the ball. Soccer’s popularity spread rapidly during
the 1800s as British sailors, traders and soldiers introduced the sport to different parts
of the globe.

Italians, Austrians and Germans drew to Europe, while Argentina, Uruguay and
Brazil adopted the sport in South America. FIFA was established in the year 1904 and
by early 1930s, different leagues were operating from various countries. FIFA is
credited with organizing the first world cup in Uruguay. The history of soccer is rich with
events, development and its growing craze all over the world. You will find yourself
amazed as you learn about different times of this wonderful sport that has held our awe
and admiration for over 3000 years.
 Rules of Football (Soccer)

 A match consists of two 45 minutes halves with a 15 minute rest period in

between. Each team can have a minimum off 11 players (including 1 goalkeeper
who is the only player allowed to handle the ball within the 18 yard box) and a
minimum of 7 players are needed to constitute a match.
 The field must be made of either artificial or natural grass. The size of pitches is
allowed to vary but must be within 100-130 yards long and 50-100 yards wide.
The pitch must also be marked with a rectangular shape around the outside
showing out of bounds, two six yard boxes, two 18 yard boxes and a center
circle. A spot for a penalty placed 12 yards out of both goals and center circle
must also be visible.
 The ball must have a circumference of 58-61cm and be of a circular shape.
 Each team can name up to 7 substitute players. Substitutions can be made at
any time of the match with each team being able to make a maximum of 3
substitutions per side. In the event of all three substitutes being made and a
player having to leave the field for injury the team will be forced to play without a
replacement for that player.
 Each game must include one referee and two assistant referee’s (linesmen). It’s
the job of the referee to act as time keeper and make any decisions which may
need to be made such as fouls, free kicks, throw INS, penalties and added on
time at the end of each half. The referee may consult the assistant referees at
any time in the match regarding a decision. It’s the assistant referee’s job to spot
off sides in the match (see below), throw INS for either team or also assist the
referee in all decision making processes where appropriate.
 If the game needs to head to extra time as a result of both teams being level in a
match then 30 minutes will be added in the form of two 15 minute halves after the
allotted 90 minutes.
 If teams are still level after extra time then a penalty shootout must take place.
  The whole ball must cross the goal line for it to constitute as a goal.
 For fouls committed a player could receive either a yellow or red card depending
on the severity of the foul; this comes down to the referee’s discretion. The
yellow is a warning and a red card is a dismissal of that player. Two yellow cards
will equal one red. Once a player is sent off then they cannot be replaced.
 If a ball goes out of play off an opponent in either of the side lines then it is given
as a throw in. If it goes out of play off an attacking player on the base line then it
is a goal kick. If it comes off a defending player it is a corner kick.

The Offside Rule in Football

Offside can be called when an attacking player is in front of the last defender
when the pass is played through to them. The offside area is designed to discourage
players from simply hanging around the opponent’s goal waiting for a pass. To be
onside they must be placed behind the last defender when the ball is played to them. If
the player is in front of that last defender then he is deemed to be offside and free kick
to the defending team will be called.

A player cannot be caught offside in their own half. The goalkeeper does not
count as a defender. If the ball is played backwards and the player is in front of the last
defender then he is deemed to be not offside.

Officials and their functions

Football officials enforce the rules of the game and, as such, are usually the
people who draw the most ire from coaches, players and fans. Without these rule
keepers monitoring the progress of a football game, the game might not progress with a
set structure.

There are seven officials in football and they each have very important roles.
Officials keep the game rolling along by monitoring the game clock and play clock. They
also call a penalty when a rule is broken, record all rule infractions and make sure the
athletes do not unnecessarily hurt each other. 

Officials are usually referred to by the general term of referees, but actually, there
is only one referee on the field during a game. Each official has his own title and
assigned responsibilities: referee, umpire, head linesman, line judge, back judge, field
judge and side judge. A referee is the only official wearing a white hat, all other officials
wear black hats.

Referee

The referee is the lead official that has control of the game and is generally the
final authority in all decisions. 

It is the role of the referee to announce all penalties. The referee explains
penalties to the offending team's captain and coach and says which player is
responsible for the penalty. The referee is positioned in the backfield, approximately 10
yards behind the quarterback before the start of the play. The referee monitors illegal
hits on the quarterback, watches for illegal blocks near the quarterback and determines
if the yardage chains are needed on the field for a measurement.

Umpire

The umpire is the official that lines up approximately five yards off the line of
scrimmage on the defensive side of the ball. 
 The umpire assists the referee in decisions involving possession of the ball. The
umpire monitors the legality of play on the line of scrimmage with a special
emphasis on offensive holding and illegal linemen down field. The umpire makes sure
that the offense has no more than 11 players on the field and checks the legality of
player's equipment. The umpire records all scores, timeouts, records the winner of the
coin toss and wipes the ball dry between plays during inclement weather.
Head Linesman
The head linesman is the official on the sideline that straddles the line of
scrimmage looking for scrimmage violations like offside or encroachment and penalties
like illegal motion, illegal shifts, illegal use of hands and illegal men downfield.

The head linesman rules on all out-of-bounds plays along the sideline where
positioned. The head linesman keeps tabs on the chain crew and marks the chain to a
yard marker on the field as a reference point for a measurement on the field. Also, the
head linesman keeps track of all eligible receivers and marks the forward progress of
the ball.

Line Judge

The line judge is the official who lines up on the opposite side of the field from the
head linesman. The line judge assists the head linesman on making calls of illegal
motion, illegal shifts, offside or encroachment. The line judge assists the umpire with
illegal use of the hands and holding calls and assists the referee on false start calls.

The line judge makes sure the quarterback does not cross the line of scrimmage
before throwing the ball, watches for offensive lineman going downfield too early on
punts, supervises the timing of the game and supervises substitutions by the team on
the side of the field where positioned.

Back Judge

The back judge is the official who sets up 20 yards deep in the defensive
backfield on the wide receiver side of the field. One of the roles of the back judge is to
make sure the defensive team has no more than 11 players on the field. The back judge
watches all eligible receivers on the wide receiver side of the field. The back judge is
responsible for monitoring the area between the umpire and the field judge. The back
judge rules on the legality of catches and pass interference penalties and has the final
say regarding the legality of kicks during kickoffs. During field goals, the back judge is
positioned under the goalpost and rules whether the field goal attempt was successful.

Field Judge

The field judge is the official that lines up 25 yards deep in the defensive
backfield on the tight end side of the field. The field judge is responsible for keeping
track of the play clock and calling a delay of game if the clock expires. Like the back
judge, the field judge makes sure the defensive team has no more than 11 players on
the field. The field judge rules on plays that cross the defense's goal line, rules on the
legality of catches and pass interference penalties and monitors all eligible receivers on
the tight end side of the field. Also, if a play goes out of bounds on the tight end side of
the field, the field judge marks the spot.

Side Judge

The side judge is the official positioned 20 yards deep in the defensive backfield
near the same sideline as the head linesman. Side judge duties are essentially the
same as the back judge. The side judge makes sure the defensive team has no more
than 11 players on the field and watches all eligible receivers from that side of the field.
The side judge is responsible for monitoring the area between the umpire and the field
judge, assists on calling the legality of kicks during kickoffs and rules on the legality of
catches and pass interference penalties.
 Dimensions of the court

The field dimensions are within the range found optimal by FIFA: 110–120 yards
(100–110 m) long by 70–80 yards (64–73 m) wide. These soccer field dimensions are
wider than the regulation American football field width of 53 1⁄3 yards (48.8 m), or the 65-
yard (59 m) width of a Canadian football field.
Hand Signals